Streptaxidae

Streptaxidae Temporal range: Late Cretaceous (about 80 Mya)[1] - Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
A live individual of Gonospira uvula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:	Streptaxoidea Gray, 1860
Family:	Streptaxidae Gray, 1860[2]
Subfamilies
Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000 Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000 Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921 Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919 Streptaxinae Gray, 1860
Diversity[1]
58 genera

Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.

Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous.^[3] All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.^[4]

Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.^[5]

Distribution

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.^[6]

The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines.^[1] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.^[1]

Taxonomy

2005 taxonomy

Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxida Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).^[7]

There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):

• Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889
• Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883^[8] - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889
• Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000^[9]
• Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000^[10]
• Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921^[11] - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936
• Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919^[12]

2010 taxonomy

Sutcharit et al. (2010)^[1] have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.^[1]

Genera

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Streptaxinae

• Acanthennea Martens, 1898^[1] - with the only species Acanthennea erinacea (Martens, 1898)^[6]
• Augustula Thiele, 1931^[1] - with the only species Augustula braueri (Martens, 1898)^[6]
• Careoradula Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999^[1] - with the only species Careoradula perelegans (Martens, 1898)^[6]
• Discartemon Pfeiffer, 1856^[1]
• Glabrennea^[1]
• Glyptoconus Möllendorff, 1894^[1]
• Hypselartemon Wenz, 1947^[1][13]
• Indoartemon Forcart, 1946^[1]
• Martinella Jousseaume, 1887^[1]
• Micrartemon Möllendorff, 1890^[1]
• Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905^[1]
• Platycochlium Laidlaw, 1950^[1]
• Rectartemon Baker, 1925^[1]
• Sairostoma Haas, 1938^[1]
• Seychellaxis^[1]
• Silhouettia Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999^[1][6] - with the only species Silhouettia silhouettae (Martens, 1898)^[6]
• Stemmatopsis^[1]
• Stereostele Pilsbry, 1919^[1] - with the only species Stereostele nevilli (Adams, 1868)^[6]
• Streptartemon Kobelt, 1905^[1]
• Streptaxis Gray, 1837^[1] - type genus of the family Streptaxidae
• Tonkinia Mabille, 1887^[1]

Enneinae

• Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855^[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Maurennea^[1]
• Indoennea Kobelt, 1904^[1]
• Bruggennea Dance, 1972^[1][14]
• Elma Adams, 1866^[1]
• Streptostele Dohrn, 1866^[1]
• Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919^[1]

Marconiinae

• Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936^[15][1]
• Marconia Bourguignat, 1889^[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Stenomarconia Germain, 1934^[1]

Odontartemoninae

• Afristreptaxis Thiele, 1932^[1]
• Artemonopsis Germain, 1908^[1]
• Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930^[1]
• Odontartemon L. Pfeiffer, 1856^[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Pseudogonaxis Thiele, 1932^[1]
• Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962^[1]
• Tayloria Bourguignat, 1889^[1]

Orthogibbinae

• Edentulina Pfeiffer, 1856^[1]
• Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920^[1]
• † Gibbus Montfort, 1810 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct^[1]
• Gonaxis Taylor, 1877^[1]
• † Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct^[1]
• Gonospira Swainson, 1840^[1]
• Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905^[1]
• Imperturbatia Martens, 1898^[1]
• Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887^[1]
• Oophana Ancey, 1884^[1]
• Orthogibbus Germain, 1919 - type genus of the subfamily
• Plicadomus Swainson, 1840^[1]
• Priodiscus Martens, 1898^[1]
• Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904^[1]

Ptychotrematinae

• Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield, 2013^{[16][note 1]}
• Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856^[1]
• Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855^[1]
• Mirellia Thiele, 1933^[1]
• Parennea Pilsbry, 1919^[1]
• Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853^[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Sinistrexcisa De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999^[1]

Unsorted to subfamily:

• Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata Gerlach, 2001^[17]
• Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in Gulella
• Parvedentulina Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to Madagascar^[18]

Notes:

• Scolodonta Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae,^[1] but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.^[7]

See also

• taxa of Streptaxidae described by Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen

References

1. Dadagulella is placed here within Ptychotrematinae, because Dadagulella and Gulella are supposed to be sister groups.

1. Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
2. Gray J. E. (October 1860) "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families". Annals nad magazine of Natural History, serie 3, 6: 267-269. Streptaxidae is on the page 268.
3. Gerlach J. (2001). "Edentulina moreleti", the first herbivorous streptaxid (Gastropoda)". Phelsuma 9: 75. PDF.
4. Gerlach J. & van Bruggen A. C. (1998). "A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula". Journal of Molluscan Studies 64(2): 249-250. doi:10.1093/mollus/64.2.249.
5. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 September 2010.
6. Gerlach J. & Bruggen A. C. van (1999). "Streptaxidae Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) of the Seychelles Islands, western Indian Ocean". Zoologische Verhandelingen 328: 1-60. abstract, PDF.
7. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P.; Frýda J.; Hausdorf B.; Ponder W.; Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
8. Bourguignat J. R. (1883) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, serie 6, 15, Art. 2: page 74.
9. Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 828.
10. Schileyko A. A. (2000). "Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs: Rhytididae, Chlamydephoridae, Systrophiidae, Haplotrematidae, Streptaxidae, Spiraxidae, Oleacinidae, Testacellidae". Ruthenica, Suppl. 2, Part 6: 731-880. page 830.
11. Germain (1921) Faune malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des iles Mascareignes: 415, 461.
12. Pilsbry H. A. (1919) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 40: 180.
13. Wenz W. v. (1947) "Zur Taxonomie der Euthyneura". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 76(1): 336.
14. Dance S. P. (1972). "Bruggennea n.gen., proposed for Recent streptaxids from Borneo (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 102: 131-132.
15. Bequaert J. & Clench W. J. (1936). "Studies of African land and fresh-water mollusks. Notes on Gonaxis Taylor, with description of a new species". Journal of Conchology London, 20: 263-273.
16. Rowson B. & Tattersfield P. (2013). "Revision of Dadagulella gen. nov., the “Gulella radius group” (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae) of the eastern Afrotropics, including six new species and three new subspecies". European Journal of Taxonomy 37: 1-46. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.37.
17. Gerlach J. (2001). "Conturbatia, a new genus of Streptaxidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 77(2): 297-302. doi:10.1002/mmnz.20010770213.
18. Emberton K. C. (2002). "Parvedentulina and edentate Gulella of Madagascar (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131(1/2): 67-165. abstract.

Further reading

• Zilch A. (1961). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 90: 79-120.

External links

• "Streptaxidae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).