Third Thatcher ministry

Third Thatcher Ministry
87th ministry of United Kingdom (since 1707)
1987–1990

Date formed	11 June 1987
Date dissolved	27 November 1990
People and organisations
Head of government	Margaret Thatcher
Deputy head of government	The Viscount Whitelaw (1987–88) Sir Geoffrey Howe (1989–90)
Head of state	Queen Elizabeth II
Member party	Conservative Party
Opposition cabinet	Kinnock Shadow Cabinet
Opposition party	Labour Party
Opposition leader	Neil Kinnock
History
Election(s)	1987 general election
Predecessor	Second Thatcher ministry
Successor	First Major ministry

Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 4 May 1979 to 28 November 1990, during which time she led a Conservative government. She was the first woman to hold that office. During her premiership, Thatcher moved to liberalise the British economy through deregulation, privatisation, and the promotion of entrepreneurialism. This article details the Third Thatcher Ministry, which existed from 1987 until 1990.

Election

The 'Tories' were elected for a third successive term in June 1987, with a majority of 102 seats. It enabled prime minister Margaret Thatcher to become the longest-serving prime minister of the 20th century, as Britain's economic recovery continued.

Policies and economy

With the battle against inflation and strikes long won, an economic boom was in its early stages. Unemployment had fallen below 3,000,000 during the spring of 1987, and the tax cuts by chancellor Nigel Lawson sent the economy into overdrive. By early 1988, unemployment was below 2,500,000. A year later, it fell below 2,000,000. By the end of 1989, it was down to 1,600,000. A residential property price surge saw the average home price in Britain double between 1986 and 1989.

However, this led to the government doubling interest rates during 1988^[1] and it chose to increase these further during 1989 and 1990^[2] as inflation increased.^[2]

As early as September 1988, economists were warning that the economic boom would soon be over and that 1989 could see a recession set in. However, the economy continued to defy these predictions and it continued to grow throughout 1989 and unemployment continued to fall, despite several other world leaders – namely the United States of America – entering recession that year.

By the end of the 1980s employment was booming above all in the financial and retail sectors – particularly on new commercial developments that were built on old industrial sites. For instance the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the West Midlands saw 6,000 retail jobs created between 1984 and 1989 on an old steelworks site which had shed just over 1,200 jobs when it closed in 1982. The comparable MetroCentre was built at Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, around the same time.

On 29 March 1988, The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Minister of Trade and Industry, Mr. Kenneth Clarke, announced the sale to British Aerospace of the Rover Group, a novel name for British Leyland, which in turn had been nationalised in 1975 by the government of Harold Wilson.^[3]

Tory popularity decline in 1989 with the commencement of the unpopular Poll tax (Community Charge), which was introduced in Scotland that year and to the rest of Britain a year later. By the end of that year, in spite of the economy remaining strong, many opinion polls were showing a double-digit Labour lead and this was largely blamed on the poll tax. Sir Anthony Meyer, a 69-year-old back-bencher, challenged Mrs Thatcher's leadership in December; his challenge was seen off in a whole house vote by Thatcher in which a considerable dent on her majority of 100 was felt (60 of her own MPs failed to vote to keep her premiership).

The poll tax saga continued throughout 1990, culminating in riots across London in early spring. Labour continued to benefit from the situation as their lead in the opinion polls widened, and they made gains from the Tories in local council elections and more than once in by-elections. The new Liberal Democrats, after a weak start, were starting to gain ground in the opinion polls, and seized the safe Eastbourne seat in its by-election in October.

The threat of recession finally became reality in October 1990, when it was confirmed that the economy had declined during the third quarter of the year. Unemployment started to creep up again. Inflation, which the first Thatcher government had famously conquered by 1983, was touching 10% for the first time in eight years.

Fate

Then, on 1 November 1990, came the first of a series of events which would spell the end of Margaret Thatcher's years of power. Sir Geoffrey Howe, the deputy prime minister, resigned from the cabinet over its European policy and was resentful of being ousted as Foreign Secretary. He quickly publicly denounced Thatcher, having once been one of her closest allies, personally and for her hostility towards the programmes of the European Community. On 14 November, former cabinet minister Michael Heseltine challenged Thatcher's leadership. Thatcher polled higher than him in the leadership challenge, but failed to gain an outright victory in the first round of voting.^[4]

On 22 November, Margaret Thatcher announced her resignation of prime minister and Tory leader after more than 11 years, explaining that she was resigning to make way for a leader more likely to win the next general election.

Her successor was the chancellor John Major, who was elected on 27 November 1990 and at 47 became the youngest British prime minister of the 20th century.

Cabinets

June 1987 to July 1989

Changes

October 1987 – Lord Mackay of Clashfern succeeds Lord Havers as Lord Chancellor.
January 1988 – Lord Whitelaw retires and is succeeded by John Wakeham as Lord President; no new Deputy Prime Minister is appointed until July 1989. Lord Belstead succeeds Wakeham as Lord Privy Seal.
July 1988 – Department of Health and Social Security broken up into component parts. John Moore continues on as Secretary of State for Social Security. Kenneth Clarke becomes Secretary of State for Health. Tony Newton succeeds Clarke as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

July 1989 to November 1990

Changes

October 1989 – John Major succeeds Nigel Lawson as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Douglas Hurd succeeds John Major as Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. David Waddington succeeds Douglas Hurd as Secretary of State for the Home Department. Tim Renton succeeds David Waddington as Chief Whip.
January 1990 – Norman Fowler resigns as Secretary of State for Employment and is succeeded by Michael Howard.
May 1990 – Peter Walker finally resigns as Secretary of State for Wales having announced his intentions in March. David Hunt succeeds him.
July 1990 – Nicholas Ridley resigns as Secretary of State for Trade & Industry. Peter Lilley succeeds him.
November 1990 – At the start of the month Geoffrey Howe resigns and the title of Deputy Prime Minister was not reallocated. John MacGregor succeeds him as Lord President of the Council and is in turn succeeded by Kenneth Clarke as Secretary of State for Education and Science who is succeeded by William Waldegrave as Secretary of State for Health.

List of Ministers

Members of the Cabinet are in bold face.

Office	Name	Dates	Notes
Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service	Margaret Thatcher	June 1987 – 28 November 1990
Lord Chancellor	The Lord Havers	13 June 1987
Lord Chancellor	The Lord Mackay of Clashfern	26 October 1987
Lord President of the Council	The Viscount Whitelaw	June 1987	also Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Lords
	John Wakeham	10 January 1988	also Leader of the House of Commons
	Sir Geoffrey Howe	24 July 1989	also Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
	John MacGregor	2 November 1990	also Leader of the House of Commons
Minister of State for the Privy Council Office	Richard Luce	June 1987 – 24 July 1990
Minister of State for the Privy Council Office	David Mellor	24 July 1990 – 28 November 1990
Lord Privy Seal	John Wakeham	13 June 1987	also Leader of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal	The Lord Belstead	10 January 1988	also Leader of the House of Lords
Chancellor of the Exchequer	Nigel Lawson	June 1987
Chancellor of the Exchequer	John Major	26 October 1989
Chief Secretary to the Treasury	John Major	13 June 1987
Chief Secretary to the Treasury	Norman Lamont	24 July 1989
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	David Waddington	13 June 1987
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury	Timothy Renton	28 October 1989
Financial Secretary to the Treasury	Norman Lamont	June 1987
	Peter Lilley	24 July 1989
	Hon. Francis Maude	14 July 1990
Lords of the Treasury	Michael Neubert	June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	Peter Lloyd	June 1987 – 24 July 1988
	Hon. Mark Lennox-Boyd	June 1987 – 25 July 1988
	Tony Durant	June 1987 – 19 December 1988
	David Lightbown	26 July 1987 – 24 July 1990
	Alan Howarth	27 July 1988 – 24 July 1989
	David Maclean	27 July 1988 – 24 July 1989
	Kenneth Carlisle	27 July 1988 – 22 July 1990
	Stephen Dorrell	20 December 1988 – 3 May 1990
	David Heathcoat-Amory	26 July 1989 – 28 October 1989
	John Taylor	26 July 1989 – 29 November 1990
	Tom Sackville	30 October 1989 – November 1990
	Michael Fallon	10 May 1990 – 22 July 1990
	Sydney Chapman	25 July 1990 – November 1990
	Greg Knight	25 July 1990 – November 1990
	Irvine Patnick	25 July 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	Sir Geoffrey Howe	June 1987
	John Major	14 June 1989
	Hon. Douglas Hurd	26 October 1989
Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	Lynda Chalker	June 1987 – November 1990	also Minister of Overseas Development from 24 July 1989
	Chris Patten	June 1987 – 24 July 1989	also Minister of Overseas Development
	David Mellor	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	The Lord Glenarthur	13 June 1987 – 24 July 1989
	Hon. William Waldegrave	26 July 1988 – 2 November 1990
	Hon. Francis Maude	24 July 1989 – 14 July 1990
	The Lord Brabazon of Tara	24 July 1989 – 24 July 1990
	The Earl of Caithness	14 July 1990 – November 1990
	Tristan Garel-Jones	14 July 1990 – November 1990
	Hon. Douglas Hogg	2 November 1990 – November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs	Timothy Eggar	June 1987
	Hon. Tim Sainsbury	24 July 1989
	Hon. Mark Lennox-Boyd	24 July 1990
Minister for Overseas Development	Chris Patten	June 1987	also Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Minister for Overseas Development	Lynda Chalker	24 July 1989	also Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Secretary of State for the Home Department	Hon. Douglas Hurd	June 1987
Secretary of State for the Home Department	David Waddington	26 October 1989
Minister of State for Home Affairs	The Earl of Caithness	June 1987 – 10 January 1988
	John Patten	13 June 1987 – November 1990
	The Earl Ferrers	10 January 1988 – November 1990
	David Mellor	27 October 1989 – 22 June 1990
	Angela Rumbold	23 July 1990 – November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs	Hon. Douglas Hogg	June 1987 – 26 July 1989
Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs	Peter Lloyd	25 July 1989 – November 1990
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	John MacGregor	13 June 1987
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	John Gummer	24 July 1989
Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	John Gummer	June 1987 – 26 July 1988
Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	The Baroness Trumpington	28 September 1989 – November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food	Donald Thompson	June 1987 – 25 September 1987
	The Baroness Trumpington	13 June 1987 – 28 September 1989
	Richard Ryder	25 July 1988 – 14 July 1989
	David Curry	26 July 1989 – November 1990
	David Maclean	26 July 1989 – November 1990
Minister for the Arts	Richard Luce	June 1987
Minister for the Arts	David Mellor	26 July 1990
Secretary of State for Defence	Hon. George Younger	June 1987
Secretary of State for Defence	Tom King	24 July 1989
Minister of State for the Armed Forces	Ian Stewart	13 June 1987
Minister of State for the Armed Forces	Hon. Archie Hamilton	25 July 1988
Minister of State for Defence Procurement	The Lord Trefgarne	June 1987
Minister of State for Defence Procurement	Alan Clark	24 July 1989
Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces	Roger Freeman	June 1987 – 15 December 1988
Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces	Michael Neubert	19 December 1988 – 23 July 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Defence Procurement	Hon. Tim Sainsbury	13 June 1987 – 25 July 1989
	The Earl of Arran	25 July 1989 – 26 July 1990
	Kenneth Carlisle	26 July 1990 – 28 November 1990
Secretary of State for Education and Science	Kenneth Baker	June 1987
	John MacGregor	24 July 1989
	Kenneth Clarke	2 November 1990
Minister of State, Education and Science	Angela Rumbold	June 1987 – 24 July 1990
Minister of State, Education and Science	Timothy Eggar	24 July 1990
Under-Secretary of State, Education and Science	Bob Dunn	June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	The Baroness Hooper	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	Robert Jackson	13 June 1987 – 24 July 1990
	John Butcher	26 July 1988 – 24 July 1989
	Alan Howarth	24 July 1989 – November 1990
	Michael Fallon	24 July 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Employment	Norman Fowler	13 June 1987
Secretary of State for Employment	Michael Howard	3 January 1990
Minister of State, Employment	John Cope	13 June 1987 – 25 July 1989
Minister of State, Employment	Timothy Eggar	25 July 1989 – 23 July 1990
Under-Secretary of State, Employment	John Lee	June 1987 – 26 July 1989
	Patrick Nicholls	13 June 1987 – 28 July 1989
	The Lord Strathclyde	26 July 1989 – 24 July 1990
	Robert Jackson	24 July 1990 – November 1990
	Eric Forth	24 July 1990 – November 1990
	The Viscount Ullswater	24 July 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Energy	Cecil Parkinson	13 June 1987
Secretary of State for Energy	John Wakeham	24 July 1989
Minister of State, Energy	Peter Morrison	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1990
Under-Secretary of State, Energy	Michael Spicer	13 June 1987 – 3 January 1990
	The Baroness Hooper	26 July 1988 – 28 July 1989
	Tony Baldry	3 January 1990 – 28 November 1990
	Hon. Colin Moynihan	24 July 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for the Environment	Hon. Nicholas Ridley	June 1987
Secretary of State for the Environment	Chris Patten	24 July 1989
Minister of State for Local Government	Michael Howard	13 June 1987
	John Gummer	25 July 1988
	David Hunt	25 July 1989
	Michael Portillo	4 May 1990
Minister of State for Housing	Hon. William Waldegrave	13 June 1987
	The Earl of Caithness	25 July 1988
	Michael Howard	25 July 1989
	Michael Spicer	3 January 1990
Minister of State, Environment	The Lord Belstead	13 June 1987 – 10 January 1988
	The Earl of Caithness	10 January 1988 – 25 July 1988
	Michael Howard	25 July 1988 – 24 July 1989
	David Trippier	24 July 1989 – 28 November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Sport	Hon. Colin Moynihan	22 June 1987 – 26 July 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Sport	Robert Atkins	26 July 1990 – 28 November 1990
Under-Secretary of State, Environment	Christopher Chope	June 1987 – 22 July 1990
	Marion Roe	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	David Trippier	13 June 1987 – 23 July 1989
	Virginia Bottomley	25 July 1988 – 28 October 1989
	The Lord Hesketh	31 January 1989 – 2 November 1990
	David Heathcoat-Amory	28 October 1989 – 28 November 1990
	Patrick Nicholls	26 July 1990 – 12 October 1990
	The Lord Strathclyde	26 July 1990 – 7 September 1990
	The Baroness Blatch	7 September 1990 – November 1990
	Robert Key	12 October 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Health and Social Security	John Moore	13 June 1987	Reorganised into Office of Health and Office of Social Security 25 July 1988
Secretary of State for Health	Kenneth Clarke	25 July 1988
Secretary of State for Health	Hon. William Waldegrave	2 November 1990
Minister of State, Health	Tony Newton	June 1987
	David Mellor	25 July 1988	under separate Office of Health
	The Lord Trafford	29 July 1989
	Virginia Bottomley	28 October 1989
Under-Secretary of State, Health and Social Security	Edwina Currie	June 1987 – 25 July 1988
	Michael Portillo	13 June 1987 – 25 July 1988
	The Lord Skelmersdale	13 June 1987 – 25 July 1988
Under-Secretary of State, Health	Edwina Currie	25 July 1988 – 16 December 1988
	Roger Freeman	16 December 1988 – 4 May 1990
	The Baroness Hooper	29 September 1989 – November 1990
	Stephen Dorrell	4 May 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Social Security	John Moore	25 July 1988
Secretary of State for Social Security	Tony Newton	23 July 1989
Minister of State, Social Security	Nicholas Scott	13 June 1987	under separate Office of Social Security 25 July 1988
Under-Secretary of State, Social Security	The Lord Skelmersdale	25 July 1988 – 26 July 1989
	Peter Lloyd	25 July 1988 – 28 July 1989
	The Lord Henley	25 July 1989 – November 1990
	Gillian Shephard	25 July 1989 – 28 November 1990
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster	Kenneth Clarke	13 June 1987
	Tony Newton	25 July 1988
	Kenneth Baker	24 July 1989
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland	Tom King	June 1987
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland	Hon. Peter Brooke	24 July 1989
Minister of State, Northern Ireland	John Stanley	13 June 1987 – 25 July 1988
	Ian Stewart	25 July 1988 – 25 July 1989
	John Cope	25 July 1989 – 28 November 1990
Under-Secretary of State, Northern Ireland	The Lord Lyell	June 1987 – 25 July 1989
	Richard Needham	June 1987 – May 1997
	Peter Viggers	June 1987 – 26 July 1989
	Brian Mawhinney	June 1987 – 28 November 1990
	Peter Bottomley	4 July 1989 – 28 July 1990
	The Lord Skelmersdale	24 July 1989 – 28 November 1990
Paymaster-General	Hon. Peter Brooke	13 June 1987
	The Earl of Caithness	24 July 1989
	Richard Ryder	14 July 1990
Secretary of State for Scotland	Malcolm Rifkind	June 1987
Minister of State for Scotland	Ian Lang	13 June 1987 – 28 November 1990
	The Lord Sanderson of Bowden	13 June 1987 – 7 September 1990
	Michael Forsyth	7 September 1990 – November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland	Lord James Douglas-Hamilton	13 June 1987 – 6 July 1995
	Michael Forsyth	13 June 1987 – 7 September 1990
	The Lord Strathclyde	7 September 1990 – November 1990
Minister for Trade	Alan Clark	June 1987
	The Lord Trefgarne	25 July 1989
	Hon. Tim Sainsbury	23 July 1990
Secretary of State for Trade and Industry	The Lord Young of Graffham	13 June 1987
	Hon. Nicholas Ridley	24 July 1989
	Peter Lilley	14 July 1990
Minister for Industry	Hon. Douglas Hogg	24 July 1989
Minister for Industry	The Lord Hesketh	2 November 1990
Minister for Corporate Affairs	John Redwood	2 November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Trade and Industry	John Butcher	June 1987 – 26 July 1988
	Robert Atkins	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1989
	Hon. Francis Maude	13 June 1987 – 26 July 1989
	Eric Forth	26 July 1988 – 24 July 1990
	John Redwood	26 July 1989 – 2 November 1990
	Edward Leigh	2 November 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Transport	Paul Channon	13 June 1987
Secretary of State for Transport	Cecil Parkinson	24 July 1989
Minister of State, Transport	David Mitchell	June 1987 – 25 July 1988
	Michael Portillo	25 July 1988 – 4 May 1990
	Roger Freeman	4 May 1990 – 28 November 1990
	The Lord Brabazon of Tara	23 July 1990 – November 1990
Under-Secretary of State for Transport	Peter Bottomley	June 1987 – 24 July 1989
	The Lord Brabazon of Tara	June 1987 – 23 July 1989
	Robert Atkins	25 July 1989 – 22 July 1990
	Patrick McLoughlin	25 July 1989 – November 1990
	Christopher Chope	23 July 1990 – November 1990
Secretary of State for Wales	Peter Walker	13 June 1987
Secretary of State for Wales	David Hunt	4 May 1990
Minister of State for Wales	Wyn Roberts	15 June 1987
Under-Secretary of State for Wales	Ian Grist	15 June 1987 – 28 November 1990
Attorney General	Sir Patrick Mayhew	11 June 1987
Solicitor General	Sir Nicholas Lyell	13 June 1987
Lord Advocate	The Lord Cameron of Lochbroom	June 1987
Lord Advocate	The Lord Fraser of Carmyllie	4 January 1989
Solicitor General for Scotland	Peter Fraser	June 1987
Solicitor General for Scotland	Alan Rodger	14 January 1989	Not an MP
Treasurer of the Household	David Hunt	15 June 1987
	Tristan Garel-Jones	25 July 1989
	Alastair Goodlad	22 July 1990
Comptroller of the Household	Hon. Robert Boscawen	June 1987
	Tristan Garel-Jones	26 July 1988
	Alastair Goodlad	25 July 1989
	Sir George Young, Bt	23 July 1990
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household	Tristan Garel-Jones	June 1987
	Michael Neubert	26 July 1988
	Tony Durant	20 December 1988
	David Lightbown	25 July 1990
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms	The Lord Denham	June 1987
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard	The Viscount Davidson	June 1987
Lords-in-Waiting	The Viscount Long	June 1987 – November 1990
	The Lord Beaverbrook	June 1987 – 28 July 1988
	The Earl of Dundee	June 1987 – 26 July 1989
	The Earl of Arran	18 June 1987 – 24 July 1989
	The Lord Strathclyde	12 August 1988 – 24 July 1989
	The Lord Henley	13 February 1989 – 24 July 1989
	The Viscount Ullswater	26 July 1989 – 22 July 1990
	The Lord Reay	2 August 1989 – November 1990
	The Earl of Strathmore	2 August 1989 – November 1990
	The Baroness Blatch	15 January 1990 – 7 September 1990
	The Lord Cavendish of Furness	14 September 1990 – November 1990
	The Viscount Astor	11 October 1990 – November 1990

References

↑ Essential Margaret Thatcher | Margaret Thatcher Foundation
1 2 "Thatcher years in graphics". BBC News. 18 November 2005.
↑ Hansard: "Rover Group (Privatisation)" debate, 29 Mar 1988
↑ BBC News – Obituary of Margaret Thatcher Retrieved 2013-07-24

External links

"British Cabinet and Government Membership". Retrieved 20 November 2007.
"British Government 1979–2005". Retrieved 20 November 2007.

Preceded by Second Thatcher ministry	Government of the United Kingdom 1987–1990	Succeeded by First Major ministry

British governments

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Current ministry

Margaret Thatcher

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
Leader of the Conservative Party (1975–1990)
MP for Finchley (1959–1992)

Member of Parliament

Ideology

Premiership

Party elections

General elections

Books

Family

Sir Denis Thatcher (husband)
Mark Thatcher (son)
Carol Thatcher (daughter)
Alfred Roberts (father)

Cultural depictions

Film and television	Thatcher: The Final Days The Falklands Play Pinochet in Suburbia The Long Walk to Finchley Margaret The Iron Lady The Hunt for Tony Blair In Search of La Che

Statues	Statue in the Palace of Westminster Statue in London Guildhall

Associated performers	Steve Nallon Janet Brown Meryl Streep

← James Callaghan
John Major →

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Third Thatcher ministry

Election

Policies and economy

Fate

Cabinets

June 1987 to July 1989

Changes

July 1989 to November 1990

Changes

List of Ministers

See also

References

External links