Timeline of Moscow

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Moscow, Russia.

Prior to 16th century

• 1272 – Daniil Aleksandrovich becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1283 – Grand Duchy of Moscow territory established.
• 1303 – Yuriy Danilovich becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1325 – Seat of "metropolitan of Central Russia" relocated to Moscow.^[2]
• 1327 – Uspensky Church consecrated.^[3]
• 1328 – Ivan I becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1333 – St. Michael cathedral built.^[2]
• 1341 – Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1353 – Ivan II becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1358 – Chudov Monastery founded.
• 1362 – Dmitry Donskoy becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1367 – Moscow Kremlin (citadel) founded.^[2]
• 1369 – Moscow besieged.^[4]
• 1382 – Siege of Moscow (1382).^[4]
• 1389
  • Vasily I becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
  • Ascension Convent founded in the Kremlin (approximate date).
• 1397
  • Sretensky Monastery founded.
  • Blagovyeshchensk Cathedral built.^[3]
• 1425 – Vasily II becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1462 – Ivan III becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1479 – Dormition Cathedral built in the Kremlin.^[2]
• 1491 – Spasskaya Gate built.^[3]
• 1495 - "Dungeons built under the Kremlin's Trinity Tower."^[5]

16th–17th centuries

• 1502 – 14 April: Coronation of Ivan III as Grand Prince of Moscow.
• 1505 – Vasili III becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1508 – Cathedral of the Archangel^[3] and Ivan the Great Bell Tower built.
• 1533 – Ivan the Terrible becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[1]
• 1547
  • City becomes capital of the grand duchy of Russia.^[6]
  • Fire.^[2]
• 1555 – Muscovy Trading Company of England active.
• 1560 – Saint Basil's Cathedral built.^[7]
• 1564 – Ivan Fyodorov (printer) active; Moscow Print Yard established.
• 1571 – City taken by Tartar forces.^[4]
• 1576 - Paper mill established.^[8]
• 1591 – Donskoy Monastery founded.
• 1593 – Bely Gorod wall built.
• 1600 – Zaikonospassky monastery founded.
• 1601 – Famine.
• 1611 – City taken by forces of Sigismund III of Poland.^[2]
• 1612 – Moscow Uprising of 1612.
• 1626 – Spasskaya Tower built.^[3]
• 1636 – Kazan Cathedral consecrated.
• 1652
  • Nativity Church at Putinki built.
  • German Quarter developed near city.^[7]
• 1656 – Church of the Twelve Apostles dedicated in the Kremlin.
• 1661 – Saviour Cathedral built.
• 1662 – Copper Riot.
• 1682 – Moscow Uprising of 1682.
• 1687 – Greek Latin School established.
• 1692 – Vysokopetrovsky Monastery katholikon (church) built.
• 1698 – Streltsy Uprising.

18th century

• 1701 – Sukharev Tower built.
• 1702 – Public theatre active.^[7]
• 1703 – Vedomosti newspaper begins publication.^[7]
• 1708 – Moscow Governorate established.
• 1712 – Russian capital relocated from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.^[7]
• 1721 – Moscow Synodal Choir founded.
• 1728 - Russian capital moved back to Moscow under influence of the Supreme Privy Council.
• 1732 - Russian capital relocated back to Saint Petersburg.
• 1735 – Tsar Bell cast.
• 1739 – Fire.^[2]
• 1742 – Rampart built.
• 1748 – Fire.^[2][9]
• 1752 – Fire.^[10]
• 1755 – Imperial University founded.^[2]
• 1764 – Foundling Hospital built.^[2]
• 1771
  • Plague.
  • September: Plague Riot.
  • Vvedenskoye Cemetery in use (approximate date).
• 1772 – Commercial School founded.^[11]
• 1775 – Platon Levshin becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
• 1777 – Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery inaugurated near city.
• 1782 – Police Board established.^[11]
• 1786 – Pashkov House built.
• 1787 – Senate House built.^[12]
• 1790 – Peterburskoye Schosse road paved.
• 1792 – Tverskaya Square laid out.

19th century

• 1805 - Moscow Society of Naturalists founded.^[13]
• 1806 – Maly Theatre founded.
• 1809 – Shchepkin Theatre School established.
• 1812
  • French invasion.
  • September: Fire of Moscow (1812).^[2][10]
• 1816 – Kremlin rebuilt.^[4]
• 1817 – Excise office built.^[4]
• 1821 – Philaret Drozdov becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
• 1823 – Alexander Garden laid out.
• 1825 – Bolshoi Theatre opens.
• 1849 – Grand Kremlin Palace built.
• 1851
  • Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway begins operating.^[4]
  • Saint Petersburg railway station and Kremlin Armoury building constructed.
• 1856 – The Russian Messenger (literary magazine) begins publication.
• 1861
  • Petushki-Moscow railway built.
  • Public museum established.^[2]
• 1862
  • Nizhny Novgorod-Moscow railway built.
  • Rumiantsev Library established.
  • Yaroslavsky railway station built.
• 1864 – Kazansky railway station opens.
• 1865
  • Golitzyn museum established.^[2]
  • Industrial exhibit held.^[2]
  • Tolstoy's War and Peace begins publication in The Russian Messenger.
• 1866 – Moscow Conservatory and Merchant Bank^[14] founded.
• 1868 – Borodinsky Bridge built.
• 1870 – Belorussky railway station opens.
• 1871
  • Trade Bank founded.^[14]
  • Population: 611,970.^[15]
• 1872 – State Historical Museum founded.
• 1877 – Premiere of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet.
• 1878 – Sokolniki Park established.
• 1880 – Pushkin statue installed in Strastnaya Square.
• 1883
  • Cathedral of Christ the Saviour consecrated.^[2]
  • Redesign of coat of arms of Moscow adopted.
• 1885 – Private Opera established.
• 1887 – Morozovtsi Orekhovo-Zuevo Moskva (football club) formed.
• 1891 – May: French exhibit opens.^[2]
• 1892 – City Hall built.
• 1893 – Bazaar built in Kitay-Gorod.^[3]
• 1894 – Moscow Hermitage Garden opens.
• 1896
  • 26 May: Coronation of Nicholas II.^[2]
  • December: Student demonstration.^[2]
  • Museum of History of Moscow founded.
  • Kursky railway station built.
• 1897
  • Russian Electrical Theatre (cinema) opens.^[16]
  • Population: 988,610.
• 1898
  • Moscow Art Theatre founded.
  • All-Russia Insurance Company building constructed.
  • Novodevichy Cemetery inaugurated.
• 1899
  • 7 November: Premiere of Chekhov's Uncle Vanya.
  • Moscow City Chess Championship active.
  • "Student agitation" begins.^[2]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1900
  • Paveletsky railway station built.
  • Population: 1,023,817.^[2]
• 1901 – Rizhsky railway station built.
• 1902 – Savyolovsky railway station built.
• 1903
  • Zimin Opera founded.
  • Hotel National in business.
• 1904
  • 29 June: 1904 Moscow tornado.^[2]
  • Yaroslavsky railway station rebuilt.
• 1905 – Moscow Uprising of 1905.^[17]
• 1907
  • Moscow Little Ring Railway begins operating.
  • Hotel Metropol built.
• 1908 – Moscow Public University established.
• 1912
  • Durov Animal Theater founded.
  • Museum of Fine Arts opens.^[18]
  • Borodinsky Bridge rebuilt.
• 1913
  • Spaso House (residence) built.
  • Population: 1,817,100.^[19]
• 1914 – Shchukin Theatre Institute founded.
• 1917 – 25 October-2 November: Moscow Bolshevik Uprising.
• 1918
  • March: City becomes capital of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
  • July: Left SR uprising.
  • Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies established.
  • Kiyevsky railway station built.
  • Izvestia newspaper in publication.^[20]
• 1919
  • March: Founding Congress of the Comintern held.
  • Moscow State Jewish Theater established.
• 1921
  • Moscow Children's Theatre opens.
  • Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies established.
• 1922 – Moscow Sport Circle (football club) formed.
• 1923 – Moscow Municipal Council of Professional Unions theatre founded.^[21]
• 1924
  • Lenin Mausoleum established.
  • All-Union Radio begins broadcasting.
• 1925
  • Lenin Library active.
  • Yermolova Theatre founded.^[22]
• 1928 – Rusakov Workers' Club and Zuev Workers' Club buildings constructed.
• 1929
  • Moscow Oblast and Moscow Circus School established.
  • Kauchuk Factory Club built.
• 1930 – Moscow State Institute for History and Archives and Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys established.
• 1934 – Museum of Architecture founded.
• 1935
  • Moscow Metro begins operating.
  • Hotel Moskva in business.
• 1936
  • Moscow Trials begin in the House of the Unions.
  • 2 May: Premiere of Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.
• 1937
  • Smolensky Metro Bridge built.
  • Volga-Moscow canal opens.^[6]
• 1938 – Gorbunov Palace of Culture (concert hall), Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, and Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge built.
• 1939 – Population: 4,137,018.^[23]
• 1941 – October: Battle of Moscow begins.
• 1942 – January: Battle of Moscow ends.
• 1943 - Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences established.^[24]
• 1945 – 24 June: Moscow Victory Parade of 1945.
• 1948 – Museum of Lenin's funeral train founded.

1950s–1990s

• 1953 - 5 March: Joseph Stalin dies.^[25]
• 1954 – Hotel Leningradskaya built.
• 1957 – City hosts 6th World Festival of Youth and Students.
• 1959
  • Moscow International Film Festival officially starts with its debut edition.
  • Population: 5,032,000.
  • 24 July: Nixon-Khrushchev Kitchen Debate occurs at the American National Exhibition.
• 1960 – Peoples' Friendship University founded.^[22]
• 1961
  • Rossiya Cinema built.
  • October: American Committee for Non-Violent Action peace walkers arrive in Moscow.^[26]
• 1962 - Moscow City Archives established.^[27]
• 1963 - Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed in Moscow.^[28]
• 1964 – Taganka Theatre founded.^[21]
• 1966 – Gorizont Cinema opens.^[29]
• 1968 – 25 August: 1968 Red Square demonstration.
• 1970 – Population: 6,941,961.
• 1971 – Great Moscow State Circus auditorium opens.
• 1979
  • Spartak Tennis Club built.
  • Moscow Virtuosi orchestra formed.^[21]
• 1980 – 1980 Summer Olympics held.
• 1981 – Moscow International Peace Marathon begins.
• 1982 – Satyricon Theatre opens its doors.^[21]
• 1988 – Moscow People's Front organized.^[30]
• 1989
  • August: Moscow Music Peace Festival.
  • Population: 8,967,332.
• 1990
  • Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov becomes mayor.
  • Moscow Federation of Trade Unions^[31] and Sobinbank^[31] founded.
  • Kremlin Cup tennis tournament begins.
• 1991
  • August: 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.
  • Moscow Chamber of Commerce^[31] and Russian State University for the Humanities established.
  • Prix Benois de la Danse (ballet contest) begins.
• 1992
  • Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and Russian Institute of Strategic Studies^[32] established.
  • Yury Luzhkov becomes mayor.^[33]
  • Moscow Times English-language newspaper begins publication.
  • Figure Skating Federation of Russia headquartered in city.
• 1993
  • Moscow designated capital of the Russian Federation per Constitution.^[34]
  • TV-6 begins broadcasting.
  • Moscow City Duma and American Center in Moscow founded.
  • Kazan Cathedral reconstructed.
• 1995
  • Arch Moscow exhibit begins.
  • Hungry Duck bar in business.
  • Monument erected in Victory Park.^[35]
• 1996 – 11 November: Kotlyakovskoya Cemetery bombing.
• 1997
  • Memorial Mosque built on Poklonnaya Hill.^[35][36]
  • Moscow Marathon Luzhniki begins.
• 1999 – September: Apartment bombing.

21st century

• 2000 - City becomes part of the Central Federal District.
• 2002 – 23–26 October: Moscow theater hostage crisis.^[33]
• 2003
  • Moscow International Performing Arts Centre opens.
  • 9 December: 2003 Red Square bombing.
  • Federation Tower construction begins.
• 2004
  • Moscow Monorail begins operating.
  • Grand Prix of Moscow cycling race begins.
  • February 2004 Moscow Metro bombing.^[33]
  • August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing.
• 2005
  • Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art begins.
  • 2 July: Live 8 concert, Moscow held in Red Square.
• 2006
  • 21 August: 2006 Moscow market bombing.
  • Protest against ban of Moscow Pride.
  • IgroMir (gaming exhibit) begins.
• 2007
  • Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines established.
  • Naberezhnaya Tower built.
• 2009
  • City of Capitals built.
  • Eurovision Song Contest held.
  • Kirill becomes Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia.
• 2010
  • 29 March: 2010 Moscow Metro bombings.^[33]
  • Vladimir Resin becomes mayor, succeeded by Sergey Sobyanin.
• 2011
  • 24 January: Domodedovo International Airport bombing.^[33]
  • Moscow Exchange established.
• 2012 – March: Arrest of Pussy Riot (musical group) performers.
• 2013
  • 8 September: Moscow mayoral election, 2013.
  • Population: 11,794,282.
• 2015
  • 27 February: Politician Nemtsov assassinated.^[33]
  • Gulag museum opens.^[37]

See also

• History of Moscow
• List of heads of Moscow
• List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow
• List of theatres in Moscow

References

1. Arthur Voyce (1964), Moscow and the Roots of Russian Culture, USA: University of Oklahoma Press, OCLC 1333562
2. Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Moscow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
3. Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin; John Thomas Bealby (1910), "Moscow", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, OCLC 14782424
4. George Henry Townsend (1867), "Moscow", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
5. Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
6. Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 735, OCLC 3832886
7. Arthur Voyce (1967). Art and Architecture of Medieval Russia. USA: University of Oklahoma Press.
8. Wilhelm Sandermann (2013). "Beginn der Papierherstellung in einigen Landern". Papier: Eine spannende Kulturgeschichte (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-662-09193-7. (timeline)
9. Thomas Nugent (1749), "Moscow", The Grand Tour, 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt
10. Bruce Wetterau (1990), "Fires", New York Public Library Book of Chronologies, New York: Prentice Hall, OL 1885709M
11. Alexander M. Martin (2013). Enlightened Metropolis: Constructing Imperial Moscow, 1762-1855. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960578-1.
12. "Moscow". Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (4th ed.). London: John Murray. 1888.
13. Joseph Bradley (2009). Voluntary Associations in Tsarist Russia: Science, Patriotism and Civil Society. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03279-8.
14. Yuri A. Petrov (2001). "Banking Network of Moscow". In William Craft Brumfield; et al. Commerce in Russian Urban Culture, 1861–1914. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6750-7.
15. "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1880.
16. Peter Rollberg (2009), Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810860728
17. Chris Cook; John Stevenson (2003). "First World War: Chronology". Longman Handbook of Twentieth Century Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89224-3.
18. "Moscow". Russia with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. OCLC 1328163.
19. "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
20. "Global Resources Network". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
21. Tatiana Smorodinskaya; et al., eds. (2007). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9780415320948.
22. Baedeker's Moscow, Baedeker, 1995, ISBN 0671896849
23. Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Moscow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1250, OL 6112221M
24. "Country Profiles: Russia: Nuclear". USA: Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved March 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
25. "Timelines: History of the U.S.S.R. from 1917 to 1991", World Book, USA, (subscription required (help)) Check date values in: |access-date= (help);
26. "Global Nonviolent Action Database". Pennsylvania, USA: Swarthmore College. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
27. "Glavnoe arkhivnoe upravlenie goroda Moskvy (Glavarkhiv Moskvy)". ArcheoBiblioBase: Archives in Russia. Amsterdam: International Institute of Social History. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
28. "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 2014 Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
29. "Movie Theaters in Moscow, Russian Federation". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
30. Terry D. Clark (1992). "A House Divided: A Roll-Call Analysis of the First Session of the Moscow City Soviet". Slavic Review. 51. JSTOR 2500131.
31. Europa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1857432533.
32. "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
33. "Russia Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
34. "Constitution of the Russian Federation". Retrieved 26 December 2013.
35. Benjamin Forest and Juliet Johnson (2002). "Unraveling the Threads of History: Soviet-Era Monuments and Post-Soviet National Identity in Moscow". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 92: 524–547. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00303. JSTOR 1515475.
36. ArchNet.org. "Moscow". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
37. "New Russian Gulag museum recreates Soviet terror", BBC News, 30 October 2015

This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.

Further reading

Published in the 16th–18th century

• Richard Hakluyt (1903), "(Citie of Mosco)", The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques & Discoveries of the English Nation, 2, Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons (First published in 1589)
• William Coxe (1784), "Moscow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, London: Printed by J. Nichols, for T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
• Richard Brookes (1786), "Moscow", The General Gazetteer (6th ed.), London: J.F.C. Rivington

Published in the 19th century

• Abraham Rees (1819), "Moscow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Moscow", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• Conrad Malte-Brun (1827), "(Moscow)", Universal Geography, 6, Edinburgh: Adam Black
• David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Moscow". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
• Josiah Conder (1830), "Moscow", The Modern Traveller, Russia, London: J.Duncan
• Francis Coghlan (1834). Guide to St. Petersburgh and Moscow. London.
• Linney Gilbert (c. 1845), "Moscow", Russia Illustrated, London, OCLC 17246545
• Charles Knight, ed. (1867). "Moscow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. 3. London.
• William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Moscow", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
• W. Pembroke Fetridge (1874), "Moscow", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Maturin Murray Ballou (1887), "(Moscow)", Due North; or, Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia, Boston, USA: Ticknor and Company

Published in the 20th century

• William Oliver Greener (1900), The Story of Moscow, Mediaeval Towns, London: J.M. Dent & Co.
• "Moscow". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
• Annette M.B. Meakin (1906). "Moscow". Russia, Travels and Studies. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 3664651.
• Vasily Klyuchevsky (1911), "(Moscow)", A History of Russia, translated by C.J. Hogarth, London: Dent
• Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Moscow", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
• Ruth Kedzie Wood (1912). "Moscow". The Tourist's Russia. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. OCLC 526774.
• Nevin O. Winter (1913). "The Muscovite Capital". The Russian Empire of To-day and Yesterday. Boston: L.C. Page.
• Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Moscow". Russia, Scandinavia, and the Southeast. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. 10. Funk & Wagnalls Company – via Hathi Trust.
• Walter Graebner (11 January 1943). "Moscow Today". Life. USA – via Google Books.
• W.A. Robson, ed. (1954). "Moscow". Great Cities of the World: their Government, Politics and Planning. Routledge. p. 383+. ISBN 978-1-135-67247-8.
• Aleksandr Avdeenko (1968), "Moscow", From Moscow to Yalta (Guide for Motorists), Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, OCLC 74861
• "Moscow: The City Around Red Square", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 153, 1978
• "Moscow", Russia, Ukraine & Belarus, Australia: Lonely Planet, 1996, p. 192+, OL 16478112W

Published in the 21st century

• Olga Gritsai and Herman van der Wusten (2000). "Moscow and St. Petersburg, a sequence of capitals, a tale of two cities". GeoJournal. 51. JSTOR 41147495.
• "Moscow". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
• Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Moscow". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 197+. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Moscow, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Moscow, various dates

Coordinates: 55°45′00″N 37°37′00″E / 55.75°N 37.616667°E