Toni Preckwinkle

Toni Preckwinkle
President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners
Assumed office
December 6, 2010
Preceded by Todd Stroger
City of Chicago Alderman
In office
1991–2010
Preceded by Timothy C. Evans
Succeeded by Shirley Newsome
Constituency 4th Ward, Chicago
Personal details
Born Toni Reed
(1947-03-17) March 17, 1947
St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Zeus Preckwinkle (m. 1969, div. 2013)
Children Kyle Preckwinkle
one adopted daughter
Residence Chicago, Illinois
 United States
Alma mater University of Chicago

Toni Preckwinkle (née Reed; March 17, 1947) is the current Cook County Board President and a former alderman in the Chicago City Council representing Chicago's 4th ward in Cook County, Illinois, United States. She was elected on November 2, 2010, as President of the Cook County Board, the Executive Branch of Cook County government. Preckwinkle first sought office in 1983 and was defeated twice before securing election in 1991 and subsequently being re-elected as alderman four times.

Preckwinkle had been an occasional critic of Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley. In her first four terms in office she emerged as the council's prominent defender of affordable housing. Among other issues, she is known for her sponsorship of living wage ordinances, her expressed concerns regarding the costs and benefits of the city's Olympic bid, and her strong stance against police brutality and excessive force.

Early life, family, and career

Preckwinkle was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, moving to Chicago to study at the University of Chicago in the Hyde Park community area, where she earned her bachelor's and master's degrees.[1] From 1969 to 2013, she was married to Zeus Preckwinkle, a retired seventh- and eighth-grade teacher at Ancona Montessori School.[2] They have two children. Her former husband is Caucasian, which at times was a campaign issue.[3]

After college, Preckwinkle spent ten years teaching history in several high schools in the Chicago metropolitan area, including Calumet High School, the Visitation School, and Aquinas.[1] In 1985 and 1986 Preckwinkle was President of the Disabled Adult Residential Enterprises (DARE). Preckwinkle has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Illinois Council Against Handgun Violence, Political Action Director of the Near South Chapter of the Independent Voters of Illinois (IVI-IPO).[1] During and after her 1987 aldermanic election campaign, she worked as a planner for the Chicago Department of Economic Development.[4][5] By 1990, she had become executive director of the Chicago Jobs Council, and become allied with civil rights attorney R. Eugene Pincham.[6][7]

The 4th Ward

Hyde Park 2006 Independence Day parade (left to right starting at center in light green): Preckwinkle as the Statue of Liberty, Illinois State Representative Barbara Flynn Currie as Uncle Sam, and Chicago City Council Alderman Leslie Hairston as Betsy Ross

Chicago's fourth ward is on the South Side of Chicago, adjacent to the Lake Michigan lakefront. It includes all of the Kenwood and Oakland community areas, the northern portion of Hyde Park and the eastern portions of the Washington Park, Grand Boulevard and Douglas community areas. The northern part of the ward (North of 45th Street) is predominantly poor and African American, while the more racially diverse southern half is predominantly middle and upper middle-class.[8]

Unsuccessful campaigns for alderman

In her first two aldermanic election attempts for the 4th ward, in 1983 and 1987, Preckwinkle lost to the incumbent, Timothy C. Evans.[9] Evans was Chicago Mayor Harold Washington's City Council floor leader and lieutenant.[9][10] In 1983, she gained enough support to force a runoff election.[11] (Chicago Aldermen are elected without regard to political party affiliation, but must earn a majority of votes or the top two candidates have a runoff election.[8] ) In the runoff, Preckwinkle carried traditionally "independent" precincts in Hyde-Park, but Evans was able to win by carrying the precincts in the north of the Ward.[12]

In the 1987 elections, Evans defeated Preckwinkle by a 77% to 21% margin.[13] In 1987, although both the Chicago Tribune and Chicago Sun-Times endorsed Evans, they praised Preckwinkle for her numerous qualities, including intelligence and independence, and expressed hopes she would continue in politics.[4][14] Preckwinkle was endorsed by state Rep. Carol Moseley Braun and also by the Independent Voters of Illinois-Independent Precinct Organization, but not by Harold Washington, who endorsed Evans.[15][16]

Third campaign for alderman

In 1991 Preckwinkle and four others challenged Evans for the 4th ward alderman's position.[17] In the first round of voting on February 26, 1991, she won nearly one-third popular vote in the ward by winning 20 of 58 precincts (all in the Hyde Park-Kenwood community).[8] Evans and Preckwinkle again advanced to a runoff election, as they had in 1983, but this time the majority of the eliminated candidates endorsed Preckwinkle.[18] On April 2, 1991, Preckwinkle performed better in the northern part of the ward and was elected by a 109-vote margin,[8] defeating the 17-year incumbent alderman Evans.[19]

Alderman

Preckwinkle in 2008

On February 27, 2007, Preckwinkle was elected to her fifth four-year term.[20][21]

Preckwinkle has developed a reputation for progressiveness.[22][23][24] On the City Council Preckwinkle was known as a progressive member, independent of then-Mayor Richard M. Daley, with whom she dissented more often than any other alderman.[25][26] Preckwinkle was one of the few aldermen on the City Council occasionally critical of the policies of former Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley.[27] In 2004, she and Dorothy Tillman were the only aldermen to vote against the Mayor's city budget, and in 2005, Preckwinkle was the lone dissenter.[28] Preckwinkle has supported the majority of legislation advanced by the mayor and his allies, including most of Daley’s annual budget proposals; his controversial use of tax increment financing, an economic development program in which tax revenues are funneled into accounts controlled almost exclusively by the mayor; and, ultimately, his quest to host the 2016 Summer Olympics.[29]

Preckwinkle has championed set-asides for affordable housing as her signature issue, and the municipal ordinances she sponsored in 1993 and 1999 for affordable housing increased city expenditures on low and moderate income housing by 50 percent.[1] In 2007, she pushed for increases in the existing Affordable Requirements Ordinance. This mandates housing developers using land bought at a discount from the city to make at least 10 percent of their housing units "affordable", or to contribute money to an affordable-housing fund by increasing the percentage to 15 percent.[23] The issue is considered a key element in the debate about ending homelessness in Chicago.[30] Her detailed knowledge of public housing has been recognised in the national press, which has cited her defense of the maligned Vince Lane when the federal government took over Chicago's public housing projects.[31][32]

Preckwinkle was a co-sponsor of the living wage ordinances that passed the city council in 1998 and 2002.[1] On July 26, 2006, Preckwinkle was one of 35 aldermen who voted to approve the 2006 Chicago Big Box Ordinance sponsored by Alderman Joe Moore (49th)[33] which for 7 weeks made Chicago the largest United States city that required big-box retailers to pay a "living wage."

In October 2007 Preckwinkle opposed naming a landmark in the 4th ward for 1976 Nobel literature laureate Saul Bellow, reportedly on the grounds that Bellow had made remarks that Preckwinkle considered racist.[34][35] She also opposed the renaming of a stretch of street near the original Playboy Club "Hugh Hefner Way."[36][37]

Preckwinkle in 2009

In 2006, Preckwinkle decided to paint over two 36-year-old, unmaintained and severely damaged public murals in the 47th Street Metra underpass. The murals had been created by graffiti artists, working with permission from the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs, and had represented themes that included Latin-American, African, Mayan, Indian, and Native American spiritual practices.[38] The walls were later covered with newly commissioned murals: one is made up of a series of ceramic tiles and the other is a traditional painted mural featuring the city and important historical South Side figures, including former Alderman Dorothy Tillman.

Preckwinkle has been outspoken in support of the city settling the Jon Burge torture case, rather than continuing to spend money in the litigation process.[39] Preckwinkle has also been proactive in the effort to pursue compensation for victims of police brutality in the Jon Burge cases and sought hearings on the initial special prosecutor's report.[40] She has been a critic of the decades-long delay in settling the case,[41][42] and she was a proponent of the settlement.[43]

In 2007, Preckwinkle pursued disclosure of Chicago Police Department officers who used excessive force. The United States District Court had ruled that the records be unsealed and made available to the public. However, on July 13, 2007, the city filed an emergency motion to stay the judge's order. When the city argued in the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals to against disclosure, it made the point that aldermen would have access to the information. Preckwinkle's August 23, 2007, request for disclosure was denied.[44][45]

The unsuccessful Chicago 2016 Olympic bid placed the main site of the $1.1 billion residential complex, which would have accommodated athletes in an Olympic Village in the 4th Ward.[46] Preckwinkle expressed her reservations about the initial plan, and was involved in plan revisions.[47][48] Since the planned construction was almost entirely in her ward, she expressed concern that her constituents were not offered a chance to voice their concerns with the plan. She was an early advocate of moving what would have been the Olympic Village from the McCormick Place truck yard to the Michael Reese Hospital site.[49] On March 14, 2007, Preckwinkle joined four other South Side aldermen in voting against a $500 million public-funded guarantee to back up Chicago's Olympics bid.[50] On September 9, 2009, Preckwinkle voted to authorize Mayor Richard Daley to sign the International Olympic Committee's host city contract that included financial guarantees putting full responsibility for the Olympics and its proposed $4.8 billion operating budget on taxpayers.[51][52]

Democratic Party Committeeman

Preckwinkle is also the Democratic Committeeman for the 4th Ward,[53] a position within the Cook County Democratic Party.[54] Each of the 50 wards of the city and the 30 townships of Cook County elect a Democratic Committeeman to the Cook County Central Committee. These committeemen form the official governing body of the Cook County Democratic Party which, among other purposes, endeavors to attract, endorse, and support qualified Democratic candidates for office.[54][55][56]

Preckwinkle succeeded Evans as 4th Ward Democratic committeeman in 1992, defeating former Evans administrative assistant Johnnie E. Hill by 6,227 to 2,327 votes in the March 17, 1992 primary election; Evans had filed nominating petitions to run for re-election as committeeman and run for judge, but withdrew his name from the ballot for committeeman so his name would only appear once on the ballot, for the judgeship (to which he was elected).[57] Preckwinkle was re-elected as 4th Ward Democratic committeeman on March 19, 1996, running unopposed on the ballot after her successful challenges to the nominating petitions of Charles S. Williams and her 1995 and 1999 aldermanic challenger Kwame Raoul, who were both just a few dozen signatures short of the number required to earn a place on the ballot.[58] Preckwinkle was re-elected, again running unopposed on the ballot, as 4th Ward Democratic committeeman in March 2000, March 2004 and February 2008.

On November 6, 2004, the 10 Democratic ward committeemen whose wards make up parts of the 13th Illinois legislative district voted to appoint Kwame Raoul to the state senate seat vacated two days earlier by then U.S. Senator-elect Barack Obama; 4th Ward Democratic committeeman Preckwinkle and 5th Ward Democratic committeeman Leslie Hairston had the largest says in the appointment with 29% and 27%, respectively, of the weighted-vote based on the percentage of votes cast in each ward in the 13th legislative district for Obama in the November 5, 2002 general election.[59]

Preckwinkle chairs the ward organization, the Fourth Ward Democratic Organization,[60] which was one of sixteen Chicago Democratic ward organizations named in a complaint filed on August 31, 2005 with the Illinois State Board of Elections by the Cook County Republican Party charging that Democratic Party ward organizations are illegally housed in City-funded neighborhood ward offices.[61] Taxpayers fund aldermanic service centers, which are open to the public. State law prohibits the use of public funds by any candidate for political or campaign purposes.[62] The complaint against Preckwinkle's ward organization was one of nine that a Hearing Officer appointed by the Board recommended proceed to the next step of the hearing process, an Open Preliminary Hearing. On October 17, 2005, at a regularly scheduled meeting of the Board of Elections, the Board entered an executive session and voted, in a 4–4 tie, along strict party lines, failing to adopt the recommendation of the Hearing Officer, and ordered the complaints dismissed.[63] The complaint against Preckwinkle's ward organization was one of eight that the Cook County Republican Party appealed all the way to the Supreme Court of Illinois.[64] On January 23, 2009, the Illinois Supreme Court unanimously ordered the Illinois appellate court to conduct a judicial review of the Board's dismissals of the complaints.[65]

Preckwinkle nominated Joseph Berrios for re-election as Chairman of the Democratic Party of Cook County at a meeting of the Cook County Democratic Central Committee on March 3, 2010. At the time Berrios was the incumbent chairman as well as a commissioner with the Cook County Board of Review and the Democratic candidate for Cook County Assessor. Berrios was re-elected.[66]

Relationship with Barack Obama

Preckwinkle's views on Obama were prominently featured in a July 2008 New Yorker cover story on Barack Obama's political origins.[67][68][69] The article begins by recounting a 1995 meeting between Preckwinkle and Obama in which he discussed a possible run for the Illinois Senate seat then held by Alice Palmer.[69] According to the New Yorker's account, Preckwinkle "soon became an Obama loyalist, and she stuck with him in a State Senate campaign that strained or ruptured many friendships but was ultimately successful."[68][69] In 1995, she successfully challenged the signatures of Obama's opponents in the Democratic Primary for the Illinois Senate, allowing Obama to run unopposed.[70]

Preckwinkle supported Barack Obama early in his political career, endorsing him in his campaigns for Illinois Senate in 1995–6,[71] U.S. House in 1999–2000,[72] and U.S. Senate in 2003–4.[73] She was among those who encouraged Barack Obama to make his first run for the United States Congress in 2000,[74] and she was an early supporter when he ran in 2004.[75] When Obama later became a United States Senator following the 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois, Preckwinkle had a large say in his Illinois State Senate replacement.[76] She became Obama's Alderman when he moved from Hyde Park to South Kenwood in June 2005.[77]

According to the New Yorker article, Preckwinkle had since become "disenchanted" with Obama. The article’s author suggested that Preckwinkle's "grievances" against Obama were motivated by Preckwinkle's perception that Obama was disloyal.[78] Notwithstanding any such concerns, Preckwinkle was an Obama delegate at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

Cook County Board President

Preckwinkle announced that she would run for President of the Cook County Board in January 2009.[79] She launched her campaign website on June 18, 2009.[80] On February 2, 2010 she won the Democratic Primary, defeating the incumbent Board President Todd Stroger, among others. Preckwinkle faced Roger Keats, the Republican nominee, in the November general election.[81] On November 2, Preckwinkle became the first woman elected as Cook County President by capturing over two-thirds of the vote.[82][83] Her Republican opponent received only 26% of the vote, and then moved out of Illinois.[84] She recommended that Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley appoint Will Burns to succeed her as Fourth Ward Alderman,[85][86] but Burns preferred to run in an open primary.[87] Mayor Daley appointed Shirley Newsome as a "caretaker" alderman on January 12, 2011. Burns handily won the special election for the seat a month later.

In August 2012, Dr. Nancy Jones, former head of the Cook County Morgue, declared "This woman is evil" regarding Preckwinkle's handling of the management and budgeting of the Morgue, which had led to alleged bodies piling up and filthy conditions.[88] Also in August 2012, Preckwinkle stated at a conference hosted by former Governor Jim Edgar that former President Ronald Reagan deserved a "special place in hell" for his involvement in "making drug use political". Preckwinkle was defending Chicago's move to decriminalize possession of small amounts of cannabis by allowing police to write tickets, asserting that drug laws unfairly lead to more minorities behind bars. She later stated her regret for her "inflammatory" remark.[89]

On March 22, 2016, Preckwinkle announced that Brian Hamer, who served as the state's revenue director under Gov. Rod Blagojevich and then Quinn, would replace Tasha Green Cruzat as chief of staff.[90]

Some political observers considered Preckwinkle a potentially viable candidate in the 2015 Chicago mayoral election.[91][92]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Toni Preckwinkle's Biography". City of Chicago. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  2. ↑ Dardick, Hal (December 14, 2013). "Preckwinkle, husband to divorce". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  3. ↑ McCarron, John (August 30, 1988). "Votes Give Cha Slums A Reason For Life". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Choices for Alderman". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 9, 1987. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  5. ↑ Devall, Cheryl (February 23, 1987). "3 Strive to Extend South Side Legacy". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  6. ↑ Mount, Charles (July 31, 1990). "JOBS FOR MINORITIES, WOMEN VOWED FOR `MCDOME` PROJECT". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  7. ↑ Dold, R. Bruce & John Kass (March 18, 1990). "APATHY CASTS SHADOW ON PRIMARY - CANDIDATES FAILING TO IGNITE INTEREST". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Green, Paul M. (May 1991). "A tale of two wards, or diversity in one city". Illinois Issues. Illinois Periodicals Online. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  9. 1 2 Williams, Lillian & Jim Merriner (December 8, 1986). "200 may run in black ward". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  10. ↑ Talbott, Basil, Jr. (January 20, 1987). "`Comic crusaders' out to topple Ald. Evans". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  11. ↑ Dold, R. Bruce (January 22, 1988). "Evans Got Funds From Vrdolyak". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  12. ↑ Fremon, David K. (January 1, 1998). Chicago Politics Ward by Ward. Indiana University Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-253-20490-5.
  13. ↑ "Results of Election for Alderman". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. February 26, 1987. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  14. ↑ "Our aldermanic choices on S. Side". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. February 13, 1987. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  15. ↑ Merriner, Jim (January 23, 1987). "Evans, Langford battle a multitude of South Side foes". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  16. ↑ Gormon, Tom (December 3, 1986). "Washington Endorses Evans in 4th Ward". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
  17. ↑ Hayner, Don (February 7, 1991). "Evans facing tough opponents in 4th Ward race". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  18. ↑ O'Malley, Kathy & Dorothy Collin (March 5, 1991). "News". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
  19. ↑ Joravsky, Ben; Dumke, Mick. "Toni Preckwinkle, 4th Ward (Your Chicago City Council: Our guide to all 50 aldermen)". Chicago Reader. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
  20. ↑ "ALDERMANIC RACES". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. March 1, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  21. ↑ "Meet Chicago's City Council". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. May 20, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  22. ↑ Marin, Carol (April 29, 2007). "Preckwinkle speaks, others hide". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  23. 1 2 Dumke, Mick (May 11, 2007). "Making Hay". Chicago Reader Inc. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  24. ↑ Dumke, Mick (October 3, 2007). "A change is still gonna come". Clout City. Chicago Reader Inc. Retrieved October 13, 2007.
  25. ↑ "Tribune Endorsements for the Chicago City Council (Wards 2 - 10)". Chicago Tribune. February 12, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  26. ↑ Dumke, Mick (December 29, 2006). "Anatomy of a rubber stamp". Chicago Reader Inc. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  27. ↑ Stewart, Russ (March 11, 2007). "DALEY'S NEW PROBLEM: "LAME DUCK" STATUS". Russ Stewart, Attorney at Law. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  28. ↑ Joravsky, Ben (April 21, 2006). "Make No Small Plans" (PDF). Chicago Reader. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  29. ↑ Dumke, Mick; Fretland, Katie (October 28, 2010). "Preckwinkle Promotes Her Independence as Some Question It". New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2010. External link in |work= (help)
  30. ↑ Ferkenhoff, Eric & Matt Bigelow (May 24, 2007). "Can Chicago End Homelessness? (page 4)". Time Magazine. Time Inc. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  31. ↑ Terry, Don (May 28, 1995). "A Star in Public Housing Runs Out of Fuel, for Now". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  32. ↑ Mccormick, John (June 22, 1992). "A Housing Program That Actually Works (page 3)". Newsweek Magazine. Retrieved March 21, 2008.
  33. ↑ Eckholm, Erik (July 27, 2006). "Chicago Orders 'Big Box' Stores to Raise Wage". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  34. ↑ Ahmed, Azam; Grossman, Ron (October 5, 2007). "Bellow's remarks on race haunt legacy in Hyde Park". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  35. ↑ Hokama, Rhema (October 12, 2007). "Alderman denies Bellow recognition". Chicago Maroon. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
  36. ↑ Fornek, Scott (May 6, 2003). "The Chicago City Council". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  37. ↑ Cawthon, Raad (April 12, 2000). "Philosophical Debates? In Chicago, Some Said "No Way" To Hefner Honor. A Way Was Found.". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Newsbank. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  38. ↑ Armstrong, Liz (September 26, 2006). "Whitewashed". Chicago Reader Inc. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  39. ↑ "Chicago Alderman: Settle Police Torture Cases". chicagopublicradio.org. WBEZ 91.5 FM. September 25, 2007. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  40. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan (May 24, 2007). "New council plans inquiry into police-torture report". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  41. ↑ Washburn, Gary & Jeff Coen (December 8, 2007). "City to settle Burge case - 4 alleged victims to get share of up to $19.8 million under tentative plan". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  42. ↑ Ciokajlo, Mickey & Gary Washburn (December 11, 2007). "Cop abuse deal on Burge is near - Daley dismisses Sharpton's threat on Olympic bid". Chicago Tribune. Newsbank. Retrieved July 16, 2008.
  43. ↑ Davey, Monica & Catrin Einhorn (December 8, 2007). "Settlement for Torture of 4 Men by Police". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  44. ↑ Heinzmann, David & Gary Washburn (October 3, 2007). "City withholds list of accused police". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 14, 2008.
  45. ↑ Saulny, Susan (October 26, 2007). "Chicago Aldermen Request Police Complaint List". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  46. ↑ "Chicago's Olympic Bid 2016". Crain's ChicagoBusiness. Crain Communications, Inc. April 14, 2007. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
  47. ↑ Hinz, Greg (April 14, 2007). "USOC picks Chicago for 2016 Olympic bid". ChicagoBusiness. Crain Communications, Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
  48. ↑ Spielman, Fran (May 2, 2007). "2016: How does Ald. Toni Preckwinkle want the Olympic Village to look?". Sun-Times News Group. Archived from the original on January 21, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  49. ↑ Almada, Jeanette (March 4, 2007). "Preckwinkle wants more voices in Olympic plans". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
  50. ↑ Ciokajlo, Mickey (March 17, 2007). "Olympic bid gets big bucks backing - City Council puts up $500 million guarantee". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  51. ↑ "City approves Olympic host city contract". Associated Press. September 9, 2009. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  52. ↑ Mihalopoulos, Dan; Bergen, Kathy (September 9, 2009). "Chicago aldermen approve Daley Olympics financial guarantee without dissent". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  53. ↑ Tocqueviller (November 1, 2006). "Chicago's 2007 Aldermanic Race Info Center". Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  54. 1 2 Thales Exoo (February 26, 2007). "What's a Ward Committeeman?". Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  55. ↑ e-Black Chicago. "The Chicago Democratic Political Machine (Part 1)". Northern Illinois University Libraries Digitization Unit. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  56. ↑ "BY-LAWS OF THE COOK COUNTY DEMOCRATIC PARTY" (PDF). Cook County Democratic Party. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2008. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  57. ↑ Sweet, Lynn (December 10, 1991). "'92 primary candidates are off to the races". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 4. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    Sweet, Lynn (December 20, 1991). "Political briefings". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 34. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    . (March 19, 1992). "Chicago ward committeemen". Chicago Tribune. p. 22. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  58. ↑ Knapp, Kevin (December 20, 1995). "Candidates file petitions for local political offices". Hyde Park Herald. p. 2.
    Knapp, Kevin (January 3, 1996). "Candidates face petition challenges". Hyde Park Herald. p. 3.
    Knapp, Kevin (January 10, 1996). "Petition challenges shape political ballot". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
    Knapp, Kevin (January 24, 1996). "Final primary ballot takes shape". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
    Knapp, Kevin (March 27, 1996). "Election day yields a few surprises". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
  59. ↑ Washington, Laura (September 13, 2004). "In true Chicago style, the voters won't be making that choice". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 49. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    Chase, John (November 6, 2004). "8 vie for Obama's legislature spot; Democratic rivals jockey for post". Chicago Tribune. p. 16 (Metro). Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    Reed, Cheryl L. (November 7, 2004). "Dems name Obama replacement; Lawyer, ex-candidate gets Senate seat in time for veto session". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 8. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    Chase, John (November 7, 2004). "Obama's Springfield seat is up for grabs; Democrats plan to fill post quickly". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Metro). Retrieved December 11, 2008.
    Cohen, Jody S. (November 7, 2004). "Obama's Springfield seat goes to lawyer". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Metro). Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  60. ↑ "Illinois State Board of Elections". elections.il.gov. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
  61. ↑ Spielman, Fran (August 31, 2005). "Cook County GOP chief targets 16 aldermen, Says they use taxpayer funds to pay rent on political offices". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 27, 2009. External link in |work= (help)
  62. ↑ Associated Press (August 31, 2005). "GOP: Wards violating election laws". Northwest Herald. Retrieved February 27, 2009. External link in |publisher= (help)
  63. ↑ "Board Meeting Minutes" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Elections. October 17, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2009. External link in |publisher= (help)
  64. ↑ Cook County Republican Party v. Illinois State Board of Elections, et al., No. 1-05-3407 (Illinois Appellate Court December 17, 2007).
  65. ↑ Cook County Republican Party v. Illinois State Board of Elections, et al., No. 106139 (Illinois Supreme Court January 23, 2009).
  66. ↑ Cox, Ted (March 3, 2010). "Cook Democrats retain Berrios as chairman". Daily Herald. Retrieved March 3, 2010. External link in |work= (help)
  67. ↑ Joravsky, Ben (July 17, 2008). "Toni Preckwinkle -- New Yorker Superstar". Chicago Reader. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  68. 1 2 Smerconish, Michael (July 25, 2008). "That New Yorker Cover - The Caricature Kerfuffle Drew Focus Away From 14,619 Words of Reporting". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Newsbank. Retrieved December 20, 2008.|
  69. 1 2 3 Lizza, Ryan (July 21, 2008). "Making It: How Chicago shaped Obama.". New Yorker. CondéNet. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
  70. ↑ Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early defeat launched a rapid political climb". The Boston Globe. Newsbank. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
  71. ↑ Mitchell, Monica (October 4, 1995). "Hyde Parker announces run for state senate seat". Hyde Park Herald. p. 3.
    Knapp, Kevin (October 25, 1995). "Local senate race heats up". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
    Knapp, Kevin (December 20, 1995). "Palmer caught in campaign draft". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
    Knapp, Kevin (January 31, 1996). "Local independent voters still divided". Hyde Park Herald. p. 1.
  72. ↑ Neal, Steve (September 26, 1999). "2 challengers take aim at ousting Rush". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 10. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  73. ↑ Neal, Steve (March 5, 2003). "In the Washington tradition, Obama is a coalition builder". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 55. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
  74. ↑ Scott, Janny (September 7, 2007). "In 2000, a Streetwise Veteran Schooled a Bold Young Obama". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
  75. ↑ Neal, Steve (June 25, 2003). "Rush Senate endorsement puts payback before prudence". Chicago Sun-Times. Newsbank. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  76. ↑ Chase, John (October 6, 2004). "8 vie for Obama's legislature spot". orlandosentinel.com. Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on September 15, 2005. Retrieved October 11, 2007.
  77. ↑ Reardon, Patrick T. (June 25, 2008). "Obama's Chicago; Take our unauthorized tour of the candidate's stomping grounds". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo). Retrieved December 22, 2008. 5046 S. Greenwood Ave. This is the controversial Kenwood-neighborhood mansion that the Obamas bought in June 2005 for $1.65 million and where they have lived ever since. 5450 S. East View Park, Unit No. 1. From 1993 to 2005, the Obamas owned and lived in this first-floor unit in the East View Park condominium community near 54th Street and Hyde Park Boulevard.
    Karlin, Mark (July 15, 2008). "Who is Obama's Alderwoman in Chicago? A BuzzFlash interview with Ald. Toni Preckwinkle". BuzzFlash.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved December 22, 2008. Alderman Preckwinkle: Well, he's only recently been a constituent. For most of his political life, he lived in the 5th Ward, which is further south, in Hyde Park. As a result of his book sales and his election to the Senate, he moved to a mansion in South Kenwood, which is a community that is at the very south end of my ward.
  78. ↑ Lizza, Ryan (July 21, 2008). "Making It: How Chicago shaped Obama.". New Yorker. CondéNet. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
  79. ↑ Hinz, Greg (January 13, 2009). "Ald. Preckwinkle to challenge Stroger". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
  80. ↑ "Toni Preckwinkle". Preckwinckle for President. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  81. ↑ "Toni Preckwinkle Wins: Unseats Todd Stroger For Cook County Board President Nomination". Huffington Post. February 2, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  82. ↑ Hutson, Wendell (November 3, 2010). "Preckwinkle sails to victory as first county board president". Chicago Defender. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  83. ↑ "Toni Preckwinkle Elected Cook County Board President (with video)". Fox News. November 3, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  84. ↑ Edward McClelland (March 21, 2011). "That Guy Who Ran Against Preckwinkle Flees The State". nbcchicago.com. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
  85. ↑ Christoph, Ella (April 16, 2010). "Ald. Preckwinkle recommends Will Burns as replacement: Preckwinkle recommended Burns to Mayor Daley as a replacement should she win her bid for Cook County President.". Chicago Maroon. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  86. ↑ Cholke, Sam (April 14, 2010). "Preckwinkle taps Burns to replace her as Ald.". Hyde Park Herald. pp. 1–2.
  87. ↑ Christoph, Ella (October 26, 2010). "Burns eschews appointment, angles for votes". Chicago Maroon. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
  88. ↑ "Report: Ex-medical examiner Nancy Jones calls Preckwinkle 'evil'". WLS-TV. August 18, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  89. ↑ Garcia, Monique; Hal Dardick (August 21, 2012). "Preckwinkle regrets saying Reagan deserves 'special place in hell' for war on drugs". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  90. ↑ "Morning Spin: Preckwinkle gets another new chief of staff". Chicago Tribune. March 22, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
  91. ↑ Preckwinkle faces the glare: Will you run for mayor? - chicagotribune.com
  92. ↑ New Poll Shows Potential Reelection Trouble For Rahm Emanuel In Chicago Mayor's Race
Political offices
Preceded by
Todd Stroger		 Cook County Board President
2010–present 		Succeeded by
incumbent

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