Triconodontidae

Triconodontidae Temporal range: Middle Jurassic - Late Cretaceous, 190–70 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Triconodon mordax jaw, Richard Owen 1861
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	†Eutriconodonta
Family:	†Triconodontidae Marsh, 1887
Type species
†Triconodon mordax Owen, 1859
Genera
Alticonodon Fox, 1969 Arundelconodon Cifelli et al., 1999 Astroconodon Patterson, 1951 Corviconodon Cifelli et al., 1998 Eotriconodon Sigogneau-Russell, 2016 Meiconodon Kusuhashi et al., 2009 Priacodon Marsh, 1887 Triconodon Owen, 1859 Trioracodon Simpson, 1928 Victoriaconodon Montellano et al., 2008

Triconodontidae is an extinct family of actively mobile mammal, endemic to what would be North America, Europe, Africa and probably also South America and Asia^[1][2] during the Jurassic through Cretaceous periods at least from 190—70.6 mya.^[3] They are distinguished from amphilestids and gobiconodontids due to their occlusion patterns: instead of interlocking mollars, triconodontids fit their teeth more directly, with lower cusp "a" occluding anteriorly to upper cusp "A", between "A" and "B".^[3]

Taxonomy

Triconodontidae was named by Marsh (1887). It was assigned to Polyprotodontia by Cope (1889); to Triconodonta by Rasmussen and Callison (1981), Bonaparte (1986), Carroll (1988) and Engelmann and Callison (1998); and to Mammalia by Marsh (1887) and Luo et al. (2001).^[4]

Family †Triconodontidae^[5] Marsh 1887

Figure below is based on Martin et al. 2015.^[6]

• • †Victoriaconodon inaequalis Montellano et al. 2008
  • †Priacodon Marsh 1887
    • †P. fruitaensis Rasmussen & Callison 1981
    • †P. robustus (Marsh 1879) [Tinodon robustus]
    • †P. ferox (Marsh 1880) [Tinodon ferox]
    • †P. grandaevus Simpson 1925 [Tinodon grandaevus]
    • †P. lulli Simpson 1925 [Tinodon lulli]
  • †Triconodon mordax Owen 1859 [Triacanthodon Owen 1871]
  • †Trioracodon Simpson 1928 non Owen 1871
    • †T. ferox (Owen 1871)
    • †T. major (Owen 1871)
    • †T. bisulcus (Marsh 1880) [Triconodon bisulcus Marsh 1880]
    • †T. oweni Simpson 1928
  • †Meiconodon Kusuhashi et al. 2009
    • †M. lii Kusuhashi et al. 2009
    • †M. setoguchii Kusuhashi et al. 2009
  • †Arundelconodon hottoni Cifelli et al. 1999
  • †Astroconodon Patterson 1951
    • †A. denisoni Patterson 1951
    • †A. delicatus Cifelli & Madsen 1998
  • †Alticonodon lindoei Fox 1969
  • †Corviconodon Cifelli, Wible & Jenkins 1998
    • †C. utahensis Cifelli & Madsen 1998
    • †C. montanensis Cifelli, Wible & Jenkins 1998
  • Eotriconodon Sigogneau-Russel 2016
    • Eotriconodon sophron Sigogneau-Russell 2016

Sometimes Volaticotheria is recovered as a part of this group.^[7] However, most recent phylogenetic studies seem to group it outside of Triconodontidae.^[6][8]

Phylogeny

Cladogram after Thomas Martin et all 2015^[6]

	Trioracodon
	Triconodon Priacodon Arundelconodon Meiconodon Astraconodon Alticonodon Corviconodon

References

1. Leandro C. Gaetano and Guillermo W. Rougier (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.
2. Leandro C. Gaetano and Guillermo W. Rougier (2012). "First Amphilestid from South America: A Molariform from the Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 19 (4): 235–248. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9194-1.
3. Percy M. Butler; Denise Sigogneau-Russell (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica 67: 35–65. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_035.
4. Luo Z, Crompton AW, Sun A (2001). "A new mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and evolution of mammalian characteristics". Science. 292 (5521): 1535–1540. doi:10.1126/science.1058476. PMID 11375489.
5. Paleofile.com (net, info) . "Taxonomic lists- Mammals". Retrieved 30 December 2015.
6. Thomas Martin, Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Romain Vullo, Hugo Martín-Abad, Zhe-Xi Luo & Angela D. Buscalioni (2015). A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals. Nature 526, 380–384. doi:10.1038/nature14905
7. Gaetano, Leandro C.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 829–843. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877.
8. A. O. Averianov and A. V. Lopatin. 2011. Phylogeny of Triconodonts and Symmetrodonts and the Origin of Extant Mammals. Doklady Biological Sciences 436:32-35 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]