Truncated differential cryptanalysis

In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen developed the technique in 1994. Whereas ordinary differential cryptanalysis analyzes the full difference between two texts, the truncated variant considers differences that are only partially determined. That is, the attack makes predictions of only some of the bits instead of the full block. This technique has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and even the stream cipher Salsa20.

References

Lars Knudsen (1994). Truncated and Higher Order Differentials (PDF/PostScript). 2nd International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1994). Leuven: Springer-Verlag. pp. 196–211. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
Lars Knudsen, Thomas Berson (1996). Truncated Differentials of SAFER (PDF/PostScript). 3rd International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1996). Cambridge: Springer-Verlag. pp. 15–26. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Johan Borst, Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen (May 1997). Two Attacks on Reduced IDEA (gzipped PostScript). Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT '97. Konstanz: Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–13. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
Lars Knudsen, M.J.B. Robshaw, David Wagner (1999). Truncated Differentials and Skipjack (PostScript). Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO '99. Santa Barbara, California: Springer-Verlag. pp. 165–180. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
M. Matsui, T. Tokita (1999). Cryptanalysis of a Reduced Version of the Block Cipher E2 (PDF). 6th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1999). Rome: Springer-Verlag. pp. 71–80. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Shiho Moriai; Yiqun Lisa Yin (2000). "Cryptanalysis of Twofish (II)" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Crowley, Paul (2006). "Truncated differential cryptanalysis of five rounds of Salsa20". Retrieved 27 February 2007.

Block ciphers (security summary)

Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (Internal Mechanics, Triple DES) Serpent Twofish

Less common algorithms	Camellia CAST-128 IDEA RC2 RC5 RC6 SEED ARIA Skipjack TEA XTEA

Other algorithms	3-Way Akelarre Anubis BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES GOST Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES Libelle LOKI (97, 89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q RC6 REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon SM4 Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES Xenon xmx XXTEA Zodiac

Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai-Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)

Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM (Biclique attack, 3-subset MITM attack) Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential (Impossible Truncated Higher-order) Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Mod n Related-key Slide Rotational Timing XSL Interpolation Partitioning Davies' Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff

Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE

Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

Cryptography

History of cryptography Cryptanalysis Outline of cryptography

Symmetric-key algorithm Block cipher Stream cipher Public-key cryptography Cryptographic hash function Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography

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