Volkswagen Passat (B1)

Volkswagen Passat (B1)
Volkswagen Passat (B1)
Overview
Also called	Volkswagen Dasher
Production	1973–1981 (1974–1988 in Brazil)
Assembly	Emden, Germany São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil Clayton, Victoria, Australia (1974–1977)[1]
Designer	Giorgetto Giugiaro
Body and chassis
Class	Mid-size car / Large family car (D)
Body style	2-door saloon/sedan 3-door hatchback 4-door saloon/sedan 5-door hatchback 5-door estate/wagon
Layout	Front engine, front-wheel drive
Platform	Volkswagen Group B1
Related	Audi 80/Fox
Powertrain
Engine	1.3 L I4 1.5 L I4 1.6 L I4 1.5 L I4 diesel engine
Transmission	4/5-speed manual[2]
Dimensions
Wheelbase	2,470 mm (97 in)[2]
Length	4,190 mm (165 in)[2]
Width	1,600 mm (63 in)[2]
Height	1,360 mm (54 in)[2]
Chronology
Successor	Volkswagen Passat (B2)

The Volkswagen Passat (B1) is an automobile produced by Volkswagen in Germany from 1973 to 1981.

B1 in Europe

The original Volkswagen Passat was launched in 1973. The body types offered originally were two- and four-door fastback sedans and identically profiled three- and five-door versions. Externally all four shared a modern design, styled by the Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro. In essence, the first Passat was a fastback version of the mechanically identical Audi 80 sedan, introduced a year earlier. A five-door station wagon/estate was introduced in 1974. In Europe, the Passat was equipped with either two rectangular, two round 7-inch (180 mm) units, or quadruple round 5.5-inch (140 mm) headlights depending on specification. The Passat was one of the most modern European family cars at the time, and was intended as a replacement for the aging Volkswagen Type 3 and Type 4. The Passat was Wheels magazine's Car of the Year for 1974 and its sister model Audi 80 was nominated car of the year by the European motor press a year earlier. The platform was named B1.

The Passat originally used the four-cylinder OHC 1.3 l (55 PS or 40 kW or 54 hp) and 1.5 l (with either 75 or 85 PS, 55 or 63 kW or 74 or 84 hp) petrol engines also used in the Audi 80—longitudinally mounted with front-wheel drive, in Audi tradition, with either a four-speed manual transmission or three-speed automatic. It had a MacPherson strut front suspension with a solid axle/coil spring setup at the rear.

The SOHC 1.5 was enlarged to 1.6 l in August 1975 with unchanged power ratings and slightly higher torque ratings. In July 1978 the Passat Diesel became available, equipped with the VW Golf`s 1.5 l Diesel (50 PS (37 kW; 49 hp)), followed in February 1979 by the Passat GLI with a fuel-injected version of the 1.6 l engine.

The whole range received a facelift in 1977 (launched 1978 outside Europe), featuring an interior upgrade and subtly revised styling including repositioned indicators and depending on model, either four round or two rectangular headlights.^[3]

• 
  Volkswagen Passat B1 2-door
• 
  Volkswagen Passat B1 5-door (facelift)
• 
  Volkswagen Passat B1 5-door Variant

B1 in North America

In North America, the car was called the Volkswagen Dasher. The three- and five-door hatchback and a station wagon model were launched in North America for and during the 1974 model year. Sole available engine was a carburetted 1.5 l inline-four developing 75 hp (56 kW) (or 70 hp or 52 kW in 1975), supplanted from model year 1976 by a Bosch fuel-injected 1.6 l four 78 hp (58 kW). North American cars were equipped with single DOT standard headlights.

In 1978 the Dasher received a facelift along the lines of the European Passat, with quad sealed beam headlights and big polyurethane covered bumpers. The trim was also upgraded and the ride softened. 1979 saw the introduction of the 1.5 l diesel engine, which produced just 48 PS (35 kW) in the 1130 kg (2500 lb) car. 0–100 km/h time for the Diesel was 19.4 seconds, 6.2 seconds slower than the gasoline (petrol) engine. All gasoline engines were dropped for North America in 1981 in preparation for the next generation.^[4]

B1 in Brazil

Facelifted Brazilian Passat four-door, note the Audi 80 headlights

In Brazil, the Passat B1 was produced from 1974 until 1988, originally with the 1.5-liter gasoline engine. A 1.6 was added with the 1976 introduction of the sportier TS 1.6 version, which received twin headlights.^[5] Since the Audi 80 was not marketed in Brazil, its front-end treatment was applied to the Passat in a facelift for 1979. Originally only available as a two or four-door fastback sedan, a three-door hatchback option was added in July 1976.^[6] During its long life cycle many improvements from the B2 platform were introduced, like its 1.6 and 1.8-liter engines and a five-speed gearbox. A second, Brazil-specific face-lift in 1983 brought quadruple rectangular headlights.^[7] The sporting TS 1.6 was later upgraded with a bigger engine, as the Passat GTS 1.8 Pointer. For export only Volkswagen's 1.6-liter diesel four-cylinder engine was also installed.^[6]

As a part of an overall export push by Volkswagen do Brasil (VWB), 170,000 "Passat LSE" were also built between 1983 and 1988 specifically for export to Iraq.^[8] These cars received various upgrades to suit Iraqi conditions, such as a protection plate for the engine, a stronger radiator, and standard air conditioning, and were bartered for oil which was transferred to Petrobras. As Petrobras' oil reserves grew larger than necessary, VWB found themselves with a large stock of Iraqi-spec cars that they were unable to export. In July 1986 local sales of these leftovers began. Despite being fitted with the old 72 PS 1.6-liter MD270 engine and a four-speed transmission rather than the more powerful AP600 and five-speed unit used in current Brazilian cars, the LSE was an unexpected success in the Brazilian market.^[8]

The Passat represented a break with Volkswagen do Brasil's rear-engined, air-cooled traditions. It did well on introduction, being a much more modern car than the rest of the VWB lineup as well as the Ford Corcel, its closest competitor.^[7] After the introduction of the B2 Santana in 1984, however, the Passat began to show its age. The Passat continued to be produced until 1988, by which time a total of 676,819 Passats had been built in Brazil.^[7]

Other markets

In South Africa the Passat was sold with two- or four-door saloon bodywork, as well as the five-door Variant model. The two-door was only marketed as the upscale "LS Coupé", near the top of the price range.^[9] Equipment levels were L, LS, and later the LS de luxe. 1.3 or 1.6-liter engines were available. For 1977 the five-door hatchback version arrived, badged "Passat LX."^[10] Some other light modifications were also carried out for 1977, slight improvements to the ventilation system, more equipment, and new hubcaps for the LS and LX versions.^[9] As in South America, the facelift model received the Audi 80's front-end treatment. This facelift appeared in August 1978 and also included a variety of noise reduction modifications and suspension improvements, including wider wheels.^[11]

References

1. "Volkswagen Passat (B1 Passat)". GoAuto. Retrieved 2015-03-24.
2. W.S. (27 April 1974). "Test: VW Passat variant LS". Auto Motor u. Sport. Heft 9 1974: Seite 73–78.
3. Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 2003 (2nd ed.), ISBN 3-613-02116-1, pp. 94-101
4. Mike Covello, Standard Catalog of Imported Cars 1946-2002. Krause Publications, Iola 2002, ISBN 0-873-41605-8, pp. 824-826
5. Braunschweig, Robert; Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, eds. (March 6, 1980). "Automobil Revue '80" (in German and French). 75. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG: 528.
6. Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (5 March 1987). Automobil Revue 1987 (in German and French). 82. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 581. ISBN 3-444-00458-3.
7. Berezovsky, Sérgio (May 2003). "Grandes Brasileiros: Volkswagen Passat" [Great Brazilian Cars: Volkswagen Passat]. Quatros Rodas (in Portuguese). Editora Abril. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
8. Pereira, Fabiano (April 2009). "Grandes Brasileiros: Volkswagen Passat LSE" [Great Brazilian Cars: Volkswagen Passat LSE]. Quatros Rodas (in Portuguese). Editora Abril. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
9. Howard, Tony (December 1976). "New VWs reflect determinedly cheerful mood". SA Motor. Cape Town, South Africa: Scott Publications: 33.
10. Howard, Tony, ed. (December 1976). "New Passat LX Hatchback!". SA Motor. Cape Town, South Africa: Scott Publications: 1–2.
11. Wright, Cedric, ed. (August 1978). "New models: VW Passat, Audi 80 improvements". CAR (South Africa). Vol. 22 no. 7. Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) ltd. p. 19.