Volokolamsk

Volokolamsk (English)
Волоколамск (Russian)
-  Town[1]  -

View of Volokolamsk Kremlin

Location of Moscow Oblast in Russia
Volokolamsk
Location of Volokolamsk in Moscow Oblast
Coordinates: 56°02′N 35°57′E / 56.033°N 35.950°E / 56.033; 35.950Coordinates: 56°02′N 35°57′E / 56.033°N 35.950°E / 56.033; 35.950
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of September 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Moscow Oblast[1]
Administrative district Volokolamsky District[1]
Town Volokolamsk[1]
Administrative center of Volokolamsky District,[1] Town of Volokolamsk[1]
Municipal status (as of October 2010)
Municipal district Volokolamsky Municipal District[2]
Urban settlement Volokolamsk Urban Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Volokolamsky Municipal District,[2] Volokolamsk Urban Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 23,433 inhabitants[3]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[4]
First mentioned 1135[5]
Postal code(s)[6] 143600, 143602–143604, 143608
Dialing code(s) +7 49636
Volokolamsk on Wikimedia Commons

Volokolamsk (Russian: Волокола́мск) is a town and the administrative center of Volokolamsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Gorodenka River, not far from its confluence with the Lama River, 129 kilometers (80 mi) northwest of Moscow. Population: 23,433 (2010 Census);[3] 16,656 (2002 Census);[7] 18,226 (1989 Census).[8]

History

It was first mentioned in the Voskresensk Chronicle under the year 1135.[5] It was built by Novgorodian merchants on a 5-kilometer (3.1 mi) portage (Russian: Волок) on a waterway from Novgorod to Moscow and Ryazan, hence the name "Volokolamsk" (i.e., "Volok on the Lama"). In 1178, the town was burned by Vsevolod the Big Nest, who added it to Vladimir-Suzdal lands. His son Yaroslav II restored it to Novgorod in 1231. After the Mongol invasion of Rus', the town was divided into two parts: one assigned to Novgorod and another one to the Grand Dukes of Vladimir. The Principality of Tver failed to take it in 1273.

Ivan Kalita presented his part of the town to the boyar Rodion Nestorovich, who presently wrested the other part from Novgorod. In 1345, Simeon the Proud gave Volokolamsk to his father-in-law, one of Smolensk princes. While in possession of Smolensk, the town withstood a siege by Algirdas during the Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–72). Vladimir the Bold defeated Tokhtamysh near Volokolamsk in 1383. Soon thereafter, it reverted to Novgorod. The town remained the southernmost enclave of the Novgorod Republic until 1398, when Vasily I definitively incorporated it into the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Ten years later, it was granted for two years to Švitrigaila, who had just defected to Moscow. Having lost its Hanseatic trade and connections with Novgorod, the town declined and was not mentioned by any sources for the next half a century. It was in 1462, when Volokolamsk was given by Ivan III to his younger brother, that the town became the seat of a full-scale appanage principality. Its first prince erected the single-domed limestone Resurrection Cathedral, which still stands. Another prince was Andrey Volotsky; the chief monument from his reign is the three-domed cathedral of the Vyazmischi Cloister (1535).

The Resurrection Cathedral, built during the 1460s, is one of the last limestone cathedrals in Russia

In 1613, Volokolamsk braved a siege by Sigismund III Vasa, an event which led to the town's fortifications being represented on its coat of arms. By that time, Volokolamsk had been associated primarily with the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery, situated 17 kilometers (11 mi) to the northeast.

The Soviet authority in Volokolamsk was established in late October 1917. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, a number of violent clashes between the German and Soviet troops and partisans took place near Volokolamsk. The town was under German occupation from October 27 to December 20, 1941, when it was liberated by the 331st Rifle Division.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Volokolamsk serves as the administrative center of Volokolamsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with seven rural localities, incorporated within Volokolamsky District as the Town of Volokolamsk.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Volokolamsk is incorporated within Volokolamsky Municipal District as Volokolamsk Urban Settlement.[2]

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Volokolamsk is twinned with:

Alexander Bek's 1944 novel, Volokolamsk Highway («Волоколамское шоссе»), is a lightly-fictionalized account of the defensive fighting by elements of the 316th Rifle Division along the road from Volokolamsk to Moscow in October, 1941.

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Resolution #123-PG
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Law #1/2005-OZ
  3. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  5. 1 2 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 89. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  6. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  7. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  8. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  9. ↑ Volokolamski pravac

Sources

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