Whopper

This article is about the hamburger. For the candy, see Whoppers. For other uses, see Whopper (disambiguation).

Whopper

A Burger King Whopper sandwich
Nutritional value per 1 sandwich (290 g)
Energy 650 kcal (2,700 kJ)
50 g
Sugars 12 g
Dietary fiber 2 g
37 g
Saturated 11 g
Trans 1.5 g
22 g
Minerals
Sodium
(61%)

910 mg

Other constituents
Energy from fat 340 kcal (1,400 kJ)
Cholesterol 60 mg
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: www.BK.com (PDF)
Whopper Jr.

A meal including a Whopper, Jr., fries and a drink.
Nutritional value per 1 sandwich (138 g)
Energy 300 kcal (1,300 kJ)
27 g
Sugars 7 g
Dietary fiber 1 g
16 g
Saturated 4.5 g
Trans 0.5 g
9 g
Minerals
Sodium
(31%)

460 mg

Other constituents
Energy from fat 150 kcal (630 kJ)
Cholesterol 25 mg
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: www.BK.com (PDF)

The Whopper is the signature hamburger product sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King and its Australian franchise Hungry Jack's. Introduced in 1957, it has undergone several reformulations including resizing and bread changes. The burger is one of the best known products in the fast food industry; it is so well known that Burger King bills itself as the Home of the Whopper in its advertising and signage. Additionally, the company uses the name in its high-end concept, the BK Whopper Bar. Due to its place in the marketplace, the Whopper has prompted Burger King's competitors, mainly McDonald's and Wendy's, to try to develop similar products designed to compete with it.

The company markets several variants of the burger as well as other variants that are specifically tailored to meet local taste preferences or customs of the various regions and countries in which it does business. To promote continuing interest in the product, Burger King occasionally releases limited-time variants on the Whopper. As the signature product of the company, it is often at the center of advertising promotions, product tie-ins, and even corporate practical jokes and hoaxes. Some of the early twenty-first century advertising programs, particularly in Europe, have drawn criticism for cultural insensitivity or misogyny. Additionally, as the signature product in the company's portfolio, Burger King has registered many global trademarks to protect its investment in the product.

History

The Whopper was created in 1957 by Burger King co-founder James McLamore and originally sold for 37¢ (US$3.27 in 2014).[1][2][3] McLamore created the burger after he noticed that a rival restaurant was having success selling a larger burger. Believing that the success of the rival product was its size, he devised the Whopper. The name was chosen because he felt that it conveyed "imagery of something big".[4] Major fast food chains did not release a similar product until the McDonald's Big Mac was introduced in 1967, followed by the Burger Chef Big Shef in the early 1970s.[4][5][6]

Initially the sandwich was made with a plain bun, however, that changed when the company switched to a sesame-seeded bun around 1970.[7] In 1985, the weight of the Whopper was increased to 4.2 oz (120 g), while the bun was replaced by a Kaiser roll.[8] This was part of a program to improve the product and featured a US$30 million (approx US$66 million in 2014)[3] advertising campaign featuring various celebrities such as Mr. T and Loretta Swit.[9] The goal of the program was to help differentiate the company and its products from those of its competitors.[10] The Whopper reverted to its previous size in 1987 when a new management team took over the company and reverted many of the changes initiated prior to 1985.[11] The Whopper sandwich's Kaiser roll was changed back into a sesame seed bun in 1994, eliminating the last trace of the sandwich's 1985 reconfiguration.

The packaging has undergone many changes since its inception. Unlike McDonald's, the company never used the clamshell style box made of Styrofoam, so when the environmental concerns over Styrofoam came to a head in the late 1980s, the company was able to tout its use of paperboard boxes for its sandwiches.[12] To cut back on the amount of paper that the company used, the paperboard box was fully eliminated in 1991 and was replaced with waxed paper.[13] For a short time in 2002, the company used a gold-toned, aluminum foil wrapping for the sandwich as part of the 45th anniversary of the sandwich.[14] The packaging was changed again in 2012 when the company moved to half wrapped sandwich packaged in a paper board box.[15]

The Whopper Jr was created, by accident, in 1963 by Luis Arenas-Pérez (aka Luis Arenas), the only Latino in the Burger King Hall of Fame and president and CEO of Burger King in Puerto Rico.[16] Upon the opening of the first Burger King restaurant in Carolina, Puerto Rico, the molds for the (standard) Whopper buns had not yet arrived to Puerto Rico from the United States mainland and thus there were no buns to make and sell the company's flagship Whopper offering. Arenas opted for honoring the advertised opening date but using the much smaller regular hamburger buns locally available. The result was such a success that Burger King adopted it worldwide and called it the Whopper Jr.[16]

Competitive products

Because of the wide popularity of the Whopper in the public marketplace, competitors such as McDonald's and Wendy's have attempted to create a corresponding Whopper-style burger, often nicknamed a Whopper Stopper during the development phase.[17] Wendy's created the Big Classic with similar toppings but served on a bulkie roll, while McDonald's has created at least six different versions, including the McDLT,[18] the Arch Deluxe,[19] and the Big N' Tasty.[20][21]

Product description

The Whopper is a hamburger, consisting of a flame grilled quarter-pound (113.4 g) beef patty, sesame seed bun, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, ketchup, and sliced onion. Optional ingredients such as American cheese, bacon, mustard, guacamole or jalapeño peppers may be added upon request. Regional and international condiments include BBQ sauce and salsa. Burger King will also add any condiment it sells upon request based on its long standing slogan "Have It Your Way".[22] It is available with one, two or three beef patties and in a smaller version called the Whopper Jr, or without meat in a version called the Veggie Whopper. The Australian franchise of Burger King, Hungry Jack's, sells its veggie burger sandwich as the Veggie Whopper.[23] Additionally, Burger King has sold several different promotional varieties throughout the years as limited time offerings (LTO).[22] With the addition of hot dogs to the company's menu in February 2016,[24] Burger King began testing its first major variant called the Whopper Dog in May of the same year across various regions within the United States. The new dog featured a grilled Oscar Mayer hot dog with all of the ingredients featured on the Whopper sandwich.[24][25]

There are localized versions of the Whopper in several of its international operations, such as the teriyaki Whopper in Japan or the LTO Canadian Whopper.[26][27][28] With the company's expansion into India, the chain introduced two new variants on the Whopper while reintroducing the chicken version of the sandwich. To accommodate practitioners of Islam and Hinduism, who make up the majority of the Indian population, the chain has eliminated beef and pork from its menu. In their place, the chain is using a combination of chicken, vegetarian patties and mutton in place of beef. While the new Mutton, Chicken, and Vegetarian Whopper sandwiches are designed to appeal to that market, there is a segment of younger consumers that were disappointed that there will be no beef-based products on the menu.[29]

Notable variants

The Windows 7 Whopper

The Windows 7 Whopper was sold in Japan for the promotion of Microsoft's Windows 7 operating system. The hamburger contained seven stacked beef patties and measured 5 in (13 cm) high, weighed almost 2.2 lb (1.00 kg), and had more than 1,000 kcal (4,200 kJ). It was originally planned to be available for only seven days starting on 22 October 2009.[30] Due to its success in selling 6,000 sandwiches within the first four days, Burger King decided to extend the promotion period an extra nine days, ending on 6 November.[30][31]

The campaign was met with unexpected popularity in Japan, sparking multiple YouTube videos and blog posts about the burger.[31] However, the promotional effort received strong criticism from business and tech journalists. Computerworld blogger Preston Gralla claimed that it "could be one of Microsoft's worst promotional ideas ever."[30][32]

The Pizza Burger is a burger sold exclusively at the BK Whopper Bar location in Times Square, New York City that was introduced in September 2010. It consists of four Whopper patties on a 9.5 inch sesame bun,[33] sliced into six pieces and topped with pepperoni, mozzarella, Tuscan pesto and marinara sauce.[34] The whole burger contains more than the recommended daily allowance of calories for men at 2,520 calories, with 144 grams of fat, 59g of which is saturated, and 3,780 mg of sodium, more than double the recommended daily allowance for adults.[33][35] However, according to Burger King's Vice President of global marketing, John Schaufelberger, the burger is not intended to feed just one person.[36] Each slice has 420 calories, 24 g fat (10 g saturated), and 630 mg sodium.

The Angry Whopper has jalapeños, "Angry Sauce" and "Angry Onions", pepper jack cheese and bacon.[37][38] The sandwich, originally released in Europe, made its way to the United States in 2008. A variation called the Angriest Whopper debuted in 2016. The new variant added a red bun with hot pepper sauce baked into the roll.[39] The Angriest Whopper followed a similar sandwich, the A1 Halloween Whopper released for Halloween 2015, which was prepared with black-colored, smoke-flavored buns.[38] The Angry Whopper was released with a viral marketing push created by Burger King's advertising agency at the time, Crispin Porter + Bogusky. The two tiered program, designed to create a word-of-mouth marketing push, featured a webpage that allowed consumers to create an "Angry-gram" that could be emailed to other individuals. The form letter format page would send an insulting email to a recipient of choice from the sender. The second part consisted of a Facebook-oriented program where the company would issue a coupon for a free sandwich if the consumer would de-friend 10 people on their Facebook page.[40] The Angriest Whopper was pitched using advertising similar to trailers for movie sequels, with a movie trailer-style opening screen, shots of lava, a helicopter and flames. The tag line for the ad was "The only way to handle the heat is to embrace it."[38]

The BK 1/4 lb Burger was a direct competitor to the Quarter Pounder sandwich from McDonald's. It consisted of a Whopper with only ketchup, mustard, pickle and onions.[41]

Discontinued variants

As part of the 45th anniversary of the Whopper sandwich in 2002, Burger King introduced a grilled chicken version of the sandwich called the Chicken Whopper and added a smaller Chicken Whopper Jr. sandwich along with a new Caesar salad sandwich topped with a Chicken Whopper patty.[42][43][44] The introduction of the Chicken Whopper represented the company's first move to extend the Whopper brand name beyond beef based sandwiches since the original Whopper's introduction in the 1950s.[45] The sandwiches featured a whole chicken breast filet, weighing either 4.7 oz (130 g) for the larger sandwich or a 3.1 oz (88 g) for the Jr., mayonnaise, lettuce, and tomato on a sesame seed roll.[46] A newly reformulated low fat mayonnaise was introduced in conjunction with the new sandwiches.[47] Along with the company's new BK Veggie sandwich, The Chicken Whopper Jr. version of the sandwich was lauded by the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) as being one of the best nutritionally sound products sold by a fast food chain. Conversely, the CSPI decried the rest of the Burger King menu as being vastly unhealthy.[48]

Development of the sandwich began in 2001 in response to several major factors.[44][49] After an overall sales decline of 17% coupled with a profit decline of 29%, Burger King held a series of consumer tests that showed the company's customer base was looking for a wider variety of options when making purchases.[44][47] Additional survey results revealed that a lack of newer products was discouraging consumers from visiting the chain.[49] Furthermore, the company was seeking to counter the threat to its sales by newer fast casual restaurants that had begun to bite into sales.[44] By July 2002, the chain had sold nearly fifty million of the sandwiches, eventually displacing the BK Broiler's initial launch figures as the company's best selling product introduction.[49][50] The successful introduction of the Chicken Whopper was one of the few noted positive highlights of the company during negotiations for the sale of Burger King by its then owner Diageo to a group of investors led by the TPG Capital; Chicago-based consulting firm Technomic Inc. President Ron Paul was quoted that he was encouraged by recent product changes at Burger King such as the new Chicken Whopper, but he said it was too early to tell whether the changes have been successful.[51] Despite the Chicken Whopper's initial success, just over a year after the its introduction, enthusiasm for the product was waning; Burger King's largest franchisee, Carrols Corporation, was complaining that the product line was a failure, describing the sandwich as a pedestrian product with a great name.[45]

Advertising

An early example of advertising for the Whopper. Note that the sandwich does not feature sesame seeds on the bun.

One of the original slogans of the Whopper advertised by Burger King was There are 1024 ways to have a Whopper;[28][52] the claim is based on an exponential function of whether the sandwich has the ingredient or not, represented by a binary number of 0 or 1, raised to the power of number of possible ingredients at the time, ten, thus 210 =1,024. This claim was later expanded to There are 221,184 possible ways for a customer to order a Whopper sandwich.[53] Other slogans include It takes two hands to handle a Whopper and Burger King: Home of the Whopper.[54][Notes 3]

Where's Herb? was an advertising campaign for the sandwich from 1985–1986 designed by J. Walter Thompson.[55] The television commercials featured a fictional character named Herb, who was described as a nerd who had never eaten a Burger King burger in his life. They called on fans to visit their local Burger King in the hope of finding Herb and winning a prize. The campaign also included an "I'm not Herb" promotion, in which customers could get a discounted Whopper by including the phrase in their order. At first, people were confused because they did not know what Herb looked like. The promotion was poorly received by both franchises and the public,[56][57] and its failure prompted Burger King to drop JWT in 1987.[57][58]

The Whopper has been at the center of several hoaxes and pranks from the company. In a 1998 April Fool's Day prank, Burger King took out a full page advertisement in several national publications such as USA Today advertising a new version of the sandwich called the "Left-Handed Whopper". The advertisement claimed that the condiments were all rotated 180° to accommodate southpaws.[59] Another prank from 2013 claimed that the company was introducing a "hands-free Whopper holder" to allow people to eat the sandwich while doing other activities. The unit, similar to a harmonica holder, was supposed to be introduced in Puerto Rico to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary. It was later revealed to be a joke.[60][61] A 2007 advertising campaign celebrating the golden anniversary of the Whopper showed real customers in Las Vegas reacting to the false news the Whopper has been discontinued. While it was not permanently discontinued, the ad claims it was discontinued for one day. Later versions of the ads had customers receiving a Big Mac or Wendy's Single and their reactions to the sandwich. In-store ads, such as posters and tray-liners, attack the size and quality of the Big Mac.[62][63] The campaign won the 2009 Effie Award as one of the best restaurant advertising promotions for 2007–2008.[64]

Crispin, Porter + Bogusky, Burger King's advertising company of record from 2003-2011, produced several notable ads for the Whopper. In December 2008, Burger King purchased the rights to an advertising campaign that centered on a taste-test marketing campaign, dubbed "Whopper Virgins". The test claimed to target participants who were unaware of the existence of Burger King or McDonald's, and had never eaten a hamburger. Three remote areas of the world—Baan Khun Chang Kiean, Thailand; Kulusuk, Greenland; and Budeşti, Romania—were targeted. In the test, the "virgins" were asked to try both the McDonald's Big Mac and the Burger King Whopper, and give their preference, if any. According to the advertisements and accompanying mini-documentary, the Whopper was the most popular sandwich among the test subjects.[65][66] A social media based promotion from Crispin Porter + Bogusky in 2009 gave a free Whopper coupon for every 10 friends on Facebook a user would drop. The advertising program dubbed "Whopper Sacrifice", was stopped after a week when Facebook canceled the Whopper Sacrifice account as a violation of its user privacy policy. This was despite the fact that the Burger King application was downloaded 60,000 times and 200,000 people were defriended.[67] The company's final advertising campaign for the company was its "Whopper Lust" commercial which was a cross promotion with DirectTV. The promotion had an image of a Whopper on channel 111, and for every 5 minutes the image remained on the TV a free Whopper coupon would be sent to the subscriber. By the end of the promotion, over 50,000 coupons were distributed.[68]

After parting ways with Crispin Porter + Bogusky in 2011, the company hired the firm of McGarryBowen to handle its advertising.[69] McGarry Bowen changed the direction of the advertisements so that they centered on the ingredients of the products instead of humor. One of the new advertisements produced by them featured the new California Whopper, made with guacamole, Swiss cheese and bacon.[70] The new television spot had no words, only images of the ingredients for the sandwich being prepared and used to assemble the new sandwich accompanied by a pulsating soundtrack.[71]

Controversies

Several of CP+B's advertising programs for Burger King, including ones for the Whopper, drew criticism from groups for perceived cultural insensitivity or misogynistic themes within them. In May 2006, in an American promotion of the Texas Double Whopper, Burger King released a campaign called the "Manthem" which parodies Helen Reddy's "I Am Woman". It depicts a man and his girlfriend at a fancy restaurant. Disappointed by the meager portions he is served, the man bursts into song, expressing his desire for a Texas Double Whopper, in place of what he deems "chick food." As he walks out of the restaurant, he is joined by a chorus of men who rebel by not only eating Texas Double Whoppers, but also go commando, lift a minivan over the side of an overpass, and unfurl a banner which says "Eat This Meat." This has been the source of some controversy, as the commercial has been described as demeaning to male vegetarians/vegans, as well as misogynistic.[72][73]

Another problematic CP+B advertising program was for the 2009 Texican Whopper that featured commercial known as "The Little Mexican". The Texican Whopper was an LTO version of the Whopper sold in Europe and was advertised with an ad that featured a pair of actors dressed as a cowboy and a lucha libre wrestler.[74] The problem arose when the Mexican Ambassador to Spain complained that the commercial featured demeaning stereotypes of Mexicans. Additionally, the print version of the advertisement featured the wrestler wearing a cape that appeared to be a Mexican flag, a violation of Mexican laws governing the usage of its national banner.[75] Burger King eventually pulled the ad and issued an apology to the Mexican government. Conversely, the Mexican newspaper Excelsior issued a parody of the ad featuring American president Barack Obama as the cowboy and Mexican President Felipe Calderon as the wrestler as a commentary on the relationship between the two countries.[76]

A 2013 Russian advertising campaign that possibly insinuated that the Whopper was better than heroin was pulled after the Russian television networks TNT, CTC, Rossia 2 and NTV objected to its content.[77][78] The ad stated "This is a poppy. It was popular once, but now its time has passed" and featured a field of red poppies, the source of heroin.[79] The Russian word for poppy is "mak" (мак), a homophone for Mac—a major nickname for McDonald's in Russia.[77] The company refused to comment of the veracity of the networks' claims, and instead posted the advertisement on its YouTube channel, eventually pulling it from that service as well.[79][80]

Tie-ins

The 2008 movie releases of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull saw a promotional tie-in with the new Indy Whopper featuring bacon, spicy mayo, and pepper jack cheese and the The Incredible Hulk with the Angry Whopper.[37][81] A pair of European advertisements for the Dark Whopper, made with pepper-jack cheese, black-pepper ketchup, and "a darkly delicious sauce",[81] featured two product tie-ins with both the 2007 Spider-Man sequel Spider-Man 3 and the 2008 Batman sequel The Dark Knight.[82][83] Iron Man 2 was linked to Burger King's Whiplash Whopper in 2010.[81]

BK Whopper Bar

Main article: BK Whopper Bar

The BK Whopper Bar is limited service concept created by Burger King in 2009.[84] Whopper Bars are smaller footprint, specialized stores with a menu limited to the company's Whopper, TenderCrisp and TenderGrill sandwiches; drinks; and desserts.[85] The menu features higher-end ingredients and variants not sold in the normal Burger King locations. The concept is similar to the McCafe concept from rival McDonald's, and like the McCafe locations they are designed to go into airports, casinos, and other areas with limited amounts of space.[86]

The menu at the Whopper features as many as 10 variants on the Whopper, including the Western Whopper, the Texas Double Whopper and the Angry Whopper. Additionally, a customization section allows the customer to have a personalized Whopper made with ingredients such as jalapeño peppers, steak sauce or blue cheese. The open station differs from the company's usual kitchen model in that it is in plain sight of the customer instead of being located in the back-end of the store. The intent of the design is to add a sense of showmanship to the concept.[87]

Additionally, the company sells beer at the Whopper Bar locations, including Budweiser, Bud Light, and Miller Lite in aluminum bottles designed to maintain temperature. The move, designed to target the important 30-and-under demographic, has been called risky by industry analysts because the company is known as a fast food purveyor and not as an alcoholic beverages seller. Other industry consultants have disagreed with the assessment, believing that the move is timely because the company is growing with its aging customer base.[88][89][90]

Nutritional comparison

The Whopper at 670 kcal (2,803 kJ) per sandwich has more calories than McDonald's Big Mac at 540 kcal (2,259 kJ) per sandwich, but is larger – 290 g (10 oz) vs. 214 g (7.5 oz). Therefore, the Whopper contains fewer calories per gram than the Big Mac. The Whopper contains 231 kcal (967 kJ) per 100 g (3.5 oz) and the Big Mac contains 252 kcal (1,054 kJ) kcal per 100 g (3.5 oz).[5][91][92] Cheese comes standard on the Big Mac, but is optional on the Whopper.[91][92]

Comparisons of the Whopper nutritional values in different countries (% = % of recommended daily allowance)
Country Energy Carbohydrates Protein Fat (total) Dietary fiber Sodium, Salt Serving
size
(weight)		 Reference
 Australia 2,882 kJ (689 kcal) (33%) 49 g (16%) 29.8 g (60%) 40.7 g (48%) 941 mg (41%) 280 g .au
 Denmark 2,509 kJ (600 kcal) 44.4 g 26.5 g 34.4 g 2.7 g .dk
 France 2,493 kJ (596 kcal) 46.9 g 21.9 g 35.1 g 3.8 g 1000 mg .fr
 Germany 2,651 kJ (634 kcal) 45.3 g 27.3 g 34.5 g 4.2 g 1018 mg 274 g .de
 New Zealand 2,649 kJ (633 kcal) 49.2 g 29.8 g 34.2 g 855 mg 298 g .nz
 United Kingdom 2,741 kJ (655 kcal) 51.5 g 30.5 g 35.4 g 3.4 g 1043 mg .uk
 United States 2,803 kJ (670 kcal) 51 g 29 g 40 g 3 g 980 mg (43%) 290 g .us

Naming and trademarks

The name "Whopper" is a registered trademark of Burger King Holdings and is displayed with the "circle-R" (®) symbol in all markets it is sold.[Notes 1] The name Whopper Jr. is a registered trademark in the US, Canada and Europe.[Notes 2] Other Whopper-related trademarks owned by Burger King include "Home of the Whopper", "It takes two hands to handle a Whopper", "Whopper Bar", "Whoppertime" and "Angry Whopper".[Notes 3]

When Burger King expanded into the San Antonio area, it was prevented from utilizing the name Whopper in its local advertising and stores due to a prior state registered service mark owned by a local chain known as Whopper Burger.[93] The chain, owned by Frank and Barbara Bates, prevented the company from using the name in Bexar County for several years until Mrs. Bates, who became the CEO of Whopper Burger after the death of her husband in 1983, retired and sold the chain with its related trademarks to then-corporate parent Pillsbury in the mid-1980s.[94][95]

See also

Similar sandwiches by other fast food restaurant vendors

Notes

    Trademark information

    Notes:

    1. British trademarks with the "EU" prefix are European Community wide trademarks.
    2. American, European, and New Zealand trademark offices do not allow direct linking of trademark information.

    References

    1. ↑ BKC (8 February 2002). "Burger King Celebrates As The WHOPPER Turns 45" (Press release). BizJournals on Bison.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2007.
    2. ↑ Kent, Cindy (17 December 2013). "Monday Morning Quick Take". Orlando Sun Sentinel. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
    3. 1 2 United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
    4. 1 2 Carman, Tim (3 December 2013). "The 55-cent Whopper and the evolution of burgers". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    5. 1 2 Lubin, Gus (18 September 2013). "For National Cheeseburger Day, Find Out What Sets A Big Mac And A Whopper Apart". Business Insider. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    6. ↑ "Hardee's brings back the Big Shef". Spartensburg Herald-Journal. 15 July 2007. p. E5. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    7. ↑ Doss, Lanie (6 December 2012). "The Whopper Turns 55: Five Outrageous Moments in BK History". Miami New Times. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    8. ↑ Romero, Peter (19 December 1998). "Burger King shifts marketing chiefs: irate franchisees spark latest upheaval". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required). Retrieved 1 November 2010.
    9. ↑ Gale, Kevin (15 July 1985). "President Serves Up Whopping Goals". Orlando Sun Sentinel. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
    10. ↑ Rodriguez, Ginger G. "Gale Directory of Company Histories: Burger King Corporation". Answers.com. The Gale Group. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
    11. ↑ Romeo, Peter (16 February 1987). "Burger King chief plays peacemaker; Olcott faces management challenge in new role as president.". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required). Retrieved 7 November 2013.
    12. ↑ Holusha, Joshua (18 November 1990). "A Setback for Polystyrene". New York Times. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
    13. ↑ "BK replaces boxes with recyclables, rolls curly fries, barbecue sandwich". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required). 9 September 1991. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
    14. ↑ "The Whopper Turns 45, Celebrates in New York City". PR Newswire (Press release). Burger King Corporation. 4 March 2003. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
    15. ↑ White, Martha (7 August 2012). "'Home of the Whopper' Looks a Lot Like Its Neighbors". Time Magazine. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    16. 1 2 Díaz, Marian (20 February 2015). "Fallece creador del Whopper Jr.: Luis Arenas, quien presidió las operaciones de Burger King en Puerto Rico, murió esta semana.". El Nuevo Dia. Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
    17. ↑ Shannon, Stevens (23 March 1998). "McDonald's woos franchisees with $25k store-update funding promise". Brandweek (subscription required). Retrieved 2 October 2009. The MBX must deliver on value, which it does right now", said Ball, referring to the big beef, lettuce and tomato sandwich now in test, dubbed the latest "Whopper Stopper.
    18. ↑ David Zuckerman (18 November 1985). "Burger giants launch new product assaults; McD speeds rollout of McDLT sandwich — McDonald's" (subscription required). Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
    19. ↑ Mannix, Margaret (28 April 1996). "A Big Whopper Stopper?". U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
    20. ↑ AP Newswire (2 July 1997). "McDonald's hoping new burger a Whopper stopper". The Augusta Chronicle. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2007.
    21. ↑ Edwards, Cliff (1 July 1996). "McDonald's hoping new burger a Whopper Stopper". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
    22. 1 2 Dostal, Erin (13 December 2012). "The history of Burger King's Whopper". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required). Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    23. ↑ "Veg claim shown to be a whopper". The Canberra Times. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
    24. 1 2 Madov, Natasha (10 February 2016). "Burger King Adds the 'Whopper of Hot Dogs' to Menu". Advertising Age. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
    25. ↑ Northrup, Laura (5 May 2016). "Burger King Testing Unholy Hybrid: Whopper Dog". The Consumerist. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
    26. ↑ Shimizu, Kaho (7 June 2007). "Burger King stages return under new management, realities". Japan Times. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    27. ↑ Chancey, Blair. "King, Meet the World". QSR Magazine. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
    28. 1 2 BKC Canada (5 April 2004). "Burger King Canada introduces a Whopper of a Canadian burger (Press release)" (PDF) (Press release). openface.ca. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2005. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
    29. ↑ Rana, Preetika (30 October 2014). "Burger King Brings Beef-Free Whoppers to India". WSJ.com. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
    30. 1 2 3 "Big in Japan: Burger King Sells Windows 7 Whopper". Fox News. 23 October 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
    31. 1 2 "Burger King Gives Japan a Seven-Patty Challenge". TIME. 31 October 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
    32. ↑ Gralla, Preston (22 October 2009). "Microsoft's Windows 7 'Whopper' campaign: The worst promotion ever?". Computerworld.com blog. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
    33. 1 2 "The Pizza Burger: A 2,500-Calorie 'Fat Bomb'". Sky News. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
    34. ↑ "Burger King introduces the 2500 Pizza Burger". The Daily Telegraph. 25 August 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
    35. ↑ Freeman, Sophie (24 August 2010). "Have it BOTH ways: Burger King's 2,500 calorie answer to that age-old take-away dilemma – pizza or burgers?". Daily Mail. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
    36. ↑ Thorn, Bret (17 August 2010). "BK to offer shareable Pizza Burger". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required). Retrieved 7 June 2011.
    37. 1 2 AP Wire (27 February 2008). "Burger King discusses new items for 2008, growth strategies". the International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. The new items discussed Wednesday include an Angry Bacon and Cheese Whopper with spicy, crispy onions, and the Indy Whopper, which will have bacon and pepper jack cheese and will be promoted together with the new Indiana Jones movie this summer.
    38. 1 2 3 Chillag, Ian (5 November 2012). "Sandwich Monday: The Angry Whopper". NPR. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
    39. ↑ Whol, Jessica (29 March 2016). "Burger King Seeing Red With Angriest Whopper". Advertising Age. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
    40. ↑ Terrazas, Brent (9 January 2009). "Burger King's Angry Whopper & Facebook Debauchery". Brentter.com. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
    41. ↑ "Three new tastes at Burger King". QSR Magazine. 26 December 2001. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
    42. ↑ Allen, Robin Lee, ed. (18 March 2002). "Crown jewels: New marketing, product rollouts energize BK journey back to fast-food royalty". Nation's Restaurant News (subscription required).
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    92. 1 2 2008 McDonald's Nutrition Guide (PDF), archived from the original (pdf) on 10 April 2008, Big Mac serving size 214 g, 540 kcal
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