(glutamate—ammonia-ligase) adenylyltransferase

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), whereas its two products are diphosphate and [[adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)]]].

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing nucleotide groups (nucleotidyltransferases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] adenylyltransferase. Other names in common use include glutamine-synthetase adenylyltransferase, ATP:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase, and adenosine triphosphate:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, only one structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the PDB accession code 1V4A.

References

Ebner E, Wolf D, Gancedo C, Elsasser S, Holzer H (1970). "ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli B. Purification and properties". Eur. J. Biochem. 14 (3): 535–44. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00320.x. PMID 4920894.
Kingdon HS, Shapiro BM, Stadtman ER (1967). "Regulation of glutamine synthetase. 8. ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes alterations in the regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 58 (4): 1703–10. doi:10.1073/pnas.58.4.1703. PMC 223983. PMID 4867671.
Mecke D, Wulff K, Liess K, Holzer H (1966). "Characterization of a glutamine synthetase inactivating enzyme from Escherichia coli". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 24 (3): 452–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(66)90182-3. PMID 5338440.
Mecke D, Wulff K, Holzer H (1966). "Metabolit-induzierte Inaktivierung von Glutaminsynthetase aus Escherichia coli im zellfreien System". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 128: 559–567. doi:10.1016/0926-6593(66)90016-6.
Shapiro BM, Stadtman ER (1968). "5'-adenylyl-O-tyrosine. The novel phosphodiester residue of adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (13): 3769–71. PMID 4298074.
Wolf D, Ebner E, Hinze H (1972). "Inactivation, stabilization and some properties of ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli B". Eur. J. Biochem. 25 (2): 239–44. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01689.x. PMID 4402680.

Transferases: phosphorus-containing groups (EC 2.7)

2.7.1-2.7.4:
phosphotransferase/kinase
(PO₄)

2.7.1: OH acceptor	Hexo- Gluco- Fructo- Hepatic Galacto- Phosphofructo- 1 Liver Muscle Platelet 2 Riboflavin Shikimate Thymidine ADP-thymidine NAD⁺ Glycerol Pantothenate Mevalonate Pyruvate Deoxycytidine PFP Diacylglycerol Phosphoinositide 3 Class I PI 3 Class II PI 3 Sphingosine Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase

2.7.2: COOH acceptor	Phosphoglycerate Aspartate kinase

2.7.3: N acceptor	Creatine

2.7.4: PO₄ acceptor	Phosphomevalonate Adenylate Nucleoside-diphosphate Uridylate Guanylate Thiamine-diphosphate

2.7.6: diphosphotransferase
(P₂O₇)

2.7.7: nucleotidyltransferase
(PO₄-nucleoside)

Polymerase

DNA polymerase	DNA-directed DNA polymerase I II III IV V RNA-directed DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Telomerase DNA nucleotidylexotransferase/Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA nucleotidyltransferase	RNA polymerase/DNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III RNA polymerase IV Primase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PNPase

Phosphorolytic
3' to 5' exoribonuclease

Nucleotidyltransferase

Guanylyltransferase

mRNA capping enzyme

Other

2.7.8: miscellaneous

Phosphatidyltransferases	CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase

Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase	N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase
(PO₄; protein acceptor)

2.7.10: protein-tyrosine	see tyrosine kinases

2.7.11: protein-serine/threonine	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.12: protein-dual-specificity	see serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

2.7.13: protein-histidine	Protein-histidine pros-kinase Protein-histidine tele-kinase Histidine kinase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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