1823

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century · 19th century · 20th century
Decades:	1790s · 1800s · 1810s · 1820s · 1830s · 1840s · 1850s
Years:	1820 · 1821 · 1822 · 1823 · 1824 · 1825 · 1826

1823 in topic:

Humanities

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music

By country

Australia – Brazil - Canada – Denmark - France – Germany – Mexico – Norway - Philippines - Portugal– Russia - South Africa – Spain - Sweden - United Kingdom – United States

Other topics

Rail Transport – Science – Sports

Lists of leaders

Colonial Governors – State leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works category

Works

1823 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1823 MDCCCXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2576
Armenian calendar	1272 ԹՎ ՌՄՀԲ
Assyrian calendar	6573
Bengali calendar	1230
Berber calendar	2773
British Regnal year	3 Geo. 4 – 4 Geo. 4
Buddhist calendar	2367
Burmese calendar	1185
Byzantine calendar	7331–7332
Chinese calendar	壬午年 (Water Horse) 4519 or 4459     — to — 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4520 or 4460
Coptic calendar	1539–1540
Discordian calendar	2989
Ethiopian calendar	1815–1816
Hebrew calendar	5583–5584
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1879–1880
- Shaka Samvat	1744–1745
- Kali Yuga	4923–4924
Holocene calendar	11823
Igbo calendar	823–824
Iranian calendar	1201–1202
Islamic calendar	1238–1239
Japanese calendar	Bunsei 6 (文政６年)
Javanese calendar	1750–1751
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4156
Minguo calendar	89 before ROC 民前89年
Nanakshahi calendar	355
Thai solar calendar	2365–2366

1823 (MDCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday (dominical letter G) of the Julian calendar, the 1823rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 823rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 23rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1823, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–March

• January 23 – In Paviland Cave on the Gower Peninsula of Wales, William Buckland inspects the "Red Lady of Paviland", the first identification of a prehistoric (male) human burial.^[1]
• February 3 – Gioachino Rossini's Semiramide is first performed.
• February 10 – First worldwide carnival parade took place in Cologne, Prussia.
• February 11 – Carnival tragedy of 1823: About 110 boys are killed during a stampede at the Convent of the Minori Osservanti in Valletta, Malta.
• February 20 – Explorer James Weddell's expedition to Antarctica reaches latitude 74°15' S and longitude 34°16'45" W: the southernmost position any ship had reached before, a record that will hold for more than 80 years.
• March 19 – Agustín de Iturbide, Emperor of Mexico, abdicates thus ending the short-lived First Mexican Empire.

April–June

• April 13 – Eleven-year-old Franz Liszt gives a concert after which he is personally congratulated by Ludwig van Beethoven.
• June 5 – Raffles Institution established as the Singapore Institution by the founder of Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles.

July–September

• July 1 – The congress of Central America declares absolute independence from Spain, Mexico, and any other foreign nation, including North America, and a republican system of government is established.
• July – Robert Peel ensures the passage of five Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom, effectively abolishing the death penalty for over one hundred offences;^[2] in particular, the Judgement of Death Act allows judges to commute sentences for capital offences other than murder or treason to imprisonment or transportation.^[3]
• July 10 – Gaols Act passed by Parliament of the United Kingdom, based on the prison reform campaign of Elizabeth Fry.^[2]
• July 15 – The Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome is almost completely destroyed by fire.
• September 10 – Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru.
• September 22 – Joseph Smith claimed in 1838 that on this day he had first come to the place where the golden plates were stored, having been directed there by God through an angel.
• September 23 – First Anglo-Burmese War: Burmese attack the British on Shapura, an island close to Chittagong.

October–December

• October 5 – Medical journal The Lancet is founded by Thomas Wakley in London.
• November – According to tradition, William Webb Ellis invents the sport of rugby football at Rugby School in England.^[2]
• December 2 – James Monroe first introduces the Monroe Doctrine in the State of the Union address, declaring that any European attempts to recolonize the Americas would be considered a hostile act towards the United States.

Date unknown

• Beginning of the first Anglo-Ashanti war.
• Olbers' paradox is described by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers.
• Work begins on the British Museum in London, designed by Robert Smirke, and the Altes Museum in Berlin, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
• Jackson Male Academy, precursor of Union University, is founded in Tennessee.
• The Oxford Union is founded.

Births

January–June

Carl Wilhelm Siemens

Abdülmecid I

• January 1 – Sándor Petőfi, Hungarian poet and revolutionary (d. 1849)
• January 8 – Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and biologist (d. 1913)
• January 27 – Édouard Lalo, French composer (d. 1892)
• February 15 – Li Hongzhang, Chinese politician, general, and diplomat (d. 1901)
• February 23 – John Braxton Hicks, English obstetrician (d. 1897)
• February 27 – Ernest Renan, French philosopher and writer (d. 1892)
• February 28 – Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1883)
• March 14 – Théodore de Banville, French writer (d. 1891)
• March 20 – Ned Buntline, American publisher, writer, and publicist (d. 1886)
• March 23 – Schuyler Colfax, 17th Vice President of the United States from 1869 to 1873 (d. 1885)
• April 1 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, American soldier and politician and Confederate soldier (d. 1914)
• April 3 – William M. Tweed, American political boss (d. 1878)
• April 4 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German engineer (d. 1883)
• April 23 – Abdülmecid I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1861)
• May 2 – Emma Hardinge Britten, born Emma Floyd, English-born spiritualist (d. 1899)
• May 15
  • Youssef Bey Karam, Lebanese nationalist leader (d. 1889)
  • Thomas Lake Harris, American poet (d. 1906)
• May 17 – Henry Eckford, British horticulturist (d. 1905)
• May 22 – Solomon Bundy, American politician (d. 1889)
• May 26 – William Pryor Letchworth, American businessman and philanthropist, founder of Letchworth State Park
• July 6 – Sophie Adlersparre, Swedish feminist (d. 1895)
• June 13 – David Breakenridge Read, Canadian lawyer, Mayor of Toronto (d. 1904)
• June 21 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (d. 1873)

July–December

Mackenzie Bowell

• July 9 Date Uncertain – Phineas Gage, improbable head injury survivor (d. 1860)
• July 18
  • Félix du Temple de la Croix, French Army Captain & aviation pioneer (d. 1890)
  • Leonard Fulton Ross, American Civil War general (d. 1901)
• July 23 – Coventry Patmore, English poet (d. 1896)
• August 3 – Thomas Francis Meagher, American Civil War general (d. 1867)
• August 4 – Oliver P. Morton, American politician (d. 1877)
• August 5 – Eliza Tibbets, mother of the California orange industry (d. 1898)
• August 10
  • Hugh Stowell Brown, Manx preacher (d.1886)
  • Charles Keene, English artist and illustrator (d. 1891)
• August 11– Charlotte Mary Yonge, English Author (d. 1901)
• August 13 – Goldwin Smith, English historian (d. 1910)
• August 14 – Karel Miry, Belgian composer (d. 1889)
• August 15 – Orris S. Ferry, American Civil War general and politician (d. 1875)
• August 26 – Wilhelm Troszel, Polish composer (d. 1887)
• September 15 – Hugh Buchanan, American politician (d. 1890)
• September 23 – James Black, American temperance movement leader (d. 1893)
• November 8 – Joseph Monier, French inventor (d. 1906)
• November 18 – Charles H. Bell American politician (d. 1893)
• November 25 – Henry Wirz, Confederate military officer and prisoner-of-war camp commander (d. 1865)
• December 6 – Friedrich Max Müller, German Orientalist (d. 1900)
• December 9 – Rosalie Olivecrona, Swedish women's rights activist (d. 1898)
• December 13 – Ferdinand Büchner, German composer (d. 1906)
• December 22 – Thomas Wentworth Higginson, American Unitarian minister and abolitionist (d. 1911)
• December 27 – Mackenzie Bowell, 5th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1917)

Date Unknown

• Andrzej Jerzy Mniszech, Polish painter (d. 1905)

Deaths

January–June

• January 21 – Gideon Olin, American politician (b. 1743)
• January 26 – Edward Jenner, English physician and medical researcher (b. 1749)
• February 7 – Ann Radcliffe, English writer (b. 1764)
• February 21 – Charles Wolfe, Irish poet (b. 1791)
• March 1 – Pierre-Jean Garat, French Basque opera singer (b. 1764)
• March 5 – Magdalena Rudenschöld, Swedish conspirator (b. 1766)
• March 14
  • Charles François Dumouriez, French general (b. 1739)
  • John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (b. 1735)
• March 18 – Jean-Baptiste Bréval, French cellist (b. 1753)
• June 1 – Louis-Nicolas Davout, French marshal (b. 1770)
• June 19 – William Combe, English writer, poet and adventurer (b. 1742)

July–December

Giovanni Battista Belzoni

• August 7 – Mátyás Laáb, Croatian writer and translator (b. 1746)
• August 20 – Pope Pius VII, Italian Benedictine (b. 1742)
• August 22 – Lazare Carnot, French general, politician and mathematician (b. 1753)
• September 11 – David Ricardo, English economist (b. 1772)
• September 23 – Matthew Baillie, Scottish physician and pathologist (b. 1761)
• September 28 – Charlotte Melmoth, English-born American actress (b. 1749)
• November 9 – Vasily Kapnist, Ukrainian Russian poet and dramatist (b. 1758)
• December 3 – Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer and pioneer archaeologist of Egypt (b. 1778)
• date unknown - Agnes Ibbetson, English plant physiologist (b. 1757)

References

1. Aldhouse-Green, Stephen (October 2001). "Great Sites: Paviland Cave". British Archaeology (61). Retrieved 2010-07-16.
2. Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 252–253. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
3. "Timeline of capital punishment in Britain". Retrieved 2012-03-03.