1998 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acanthostichus hispaniolicus[2]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Andrade	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Dorylinae ant	Acanthostichus hispaniolicus

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Pojetaia sarhroensis[3]	sp nov	Valid	Geyer & Streng	Early Cambrian	Anti-Atlas mountains	Morocco	Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve

Amphibians

newly named anurans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Rhadinosteus[4]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Henrici	Kimmeridgian	Morrison Formation	USA	A possible Rhinophrynidae frog

Archosauromorpha

Dinosaurs

• A paper in the journal Nature is published by Karen Chin and others announcing the earlier discovery of a "king-sized coprolite" attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex.
• Lourinhasaurus gastroliths documented.^[5]
• Cedarosaurus gastroliths documented.^[6]
• Caudipteryx gastroliths documented.^[7]
• Volunteers from the Denver Museum of Natural History discovered Tony's Bone Bed in the Cedar Mountain Formation's Poison Strip Member.^[8]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[9]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes	Images
Altirhinus[10]	Valid taxon	David Norman			Caudipteryx Cristatusaurus Gargoyleosaurus Gastonia Lourinhanosaurus Megaraptor Rahonavis Scipionyx Variraptor Zuniceratops
Augustia	Preoccupied	Bonaparte Zariquiey
Camposaurus[11]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, Heckert,	Sullivan, and Lockley
Caseosaurus[11]	Valid taxon	Hunt, Lucas, Heckert,	Sullivan, and Lockley
Caudipteryx[12]	Valid taxon	Ji Q., Phillip Currie,	Mark Norell and Ji S.
Cristatusaurus[13]	Valid taxon	Philippe Taquet	Dale A. Russell
Eobrontosaurus[14]	Valid taxon	Robert Bakker
Eolambia[15]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland
Gargoyleosaurus[16]	Valid taxon	Kenneth Carpenter Miles	Cloward
Gastonia[17]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland
Gongxianosaurus[18]	Valid taxon	He, Wang C., Liu S., Zhou F.,	Liu T., Cai and Dai
Histriasaurus[19]	Valid taxon	Dalla Vecchia
Lourinhanosaurus[20]	Valid taxon	Mateus
Lourinhasaurus[21]	Valid taxon	Dantas, Sanz, Da Silva,	Ortega, Dos Santos and Cachao
Megaraptor[22]	Valid taxon	Novas
Nedcolbertia[23]	Valid taxon	James Kirkland, Britt, Whittle,	S. K. Madsen and Burge
Notohypsilophodon[24]	Valid taxon	Martínez
Ozraptor[25]	Valid taxon	J. A. Long and	Ralph Molnar
Protohadros[26]	Valid taxon	Head
Rahona[27]	Preoccupied	Forster Sampson	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause
Rahonavis[28]	Valid taxon	Forster, Sampson,	Luis M. Chiappe and Krause
Scipionyx[29]	Valid taxon	Dal Sasso and	Signore
Shanxia[30]	Valid taxon	Barrett, You,	Upchurch and Burton
Shuvuuia[31]	Valid taxon	Luis M. Chiappe, Mark Norell and	Clark
Sonorasaurus[32]	Valid taxon	Ratkevich, Sidor, Varricchio,	G. P. Wilson and Jeffrey A. Wilson.
Tianzhenosaurus[33]	Valid taxon	Pang and	Cheng Z.
Variraptor[34]	Valid taxon	Le Loeuff and	Buffetaut
Zuniceratops[35]	Valid taxon	Wolfe and	James Kirkland

Newly named birds

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Abavornis bonapartei [36]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Actitis balcanica [37]	Sp. nov.	Valid ?	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 17	Bulgaria	A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae.
Aizenogyps toomeyae [38]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Late Blancan	USA:  Florida	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Anhinga beckeri [38]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Early Pliocene	Late-Early Irvingtonian	USA:  Florida	An Anhingidae.
Basityto rummeli [39]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 2-3	Germany:  Bavaria	An Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,[40] this is the type species of the new genus.
Buteo sanya [41]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Hou Lianhai	Late Pleistocene	Cave Deposits	China	An Accipitridae.
Buteo spassovi [42]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Miocene	MN 11-12	Bulgaria	An Accipitridae.
Catenoleimus anachoretus [36]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian	Uzbekistan	An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Chloephaga robusta [43]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Claudia P. Tambussi	Middle-Late Pliocene	Irene Formation	Argentina	An Anatidae.
Coccothraustes balcanicus [44]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 18	Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
Coccothraustes simeonovi [44]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene	MN 17	Bulgaria	A Fringillidae.
Diamantornis spaggiarii [45]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford	Early Middle Miocene	Karingarab	Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
Explorornis nessovi [36]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Gargantuavis philoinos [46]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Eric Buffetaut Jean Le Loeuff	Late Cretaceous	Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian, Marnes de la Maurine Formation	France	An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus.
Gavia schultzi [47]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Middle Miocene	MN 7	Austria:  Burgenland	A Gaviidae.
Geronticus balcanicus [48]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Late Pliocene, MN 18	Slivnica	Bulgaria	A Threskiornithidae.
Glaucidium explorator [38]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Florida	USA:  Florida	A Strigidae.
Gracilitarsus mirabilis [49]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus.
Hassiavis laticauda [50]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus.
Incolornis silvae [36]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Andrei V. Panteleyev	Late Cretaceous	Coniacian, Bissekty Formation	Uzbekistan	An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.
Intulula tinnipara [51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jirí Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 2a	Czech Republic;  Germany:  Bavaria	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Masillacolius brevidactylus [52]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr Dieter S. Peters	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Messelirrisor halcyrostris [49]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979.
Messelirrisor parvus [49]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus.
Mioglaux debellatrix [51]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jirí Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Miopico benimellalensis [49]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Miocene	Beni Mellal	Morocco	A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus.
Palaelodus pledgei [53]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene	Etadunna Formation	Australia:  South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
Palaelodus wilsoni [53]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Robert F. Baird Patricia Vickers Rich	Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene	Etadunna Formation	Australia:  South Australia	A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
?Primozygodactylus ballmanni [49]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus.
Primozygodactylus danielsi [49]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus.
Primozygodactylus major [49]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.
Pseudastur macrocephalus [54]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.[55]
Psittacopes lepidus [56]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr ppMichael Daniels	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.
Quasisyndactylus longibrachis [57]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Middle Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany:  Hessen	An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.
Rostratula pulia [58]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jíří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 4b	Czech Republic	A Rostratulidae.
Scolopax hutchensi [38]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pliocene	Florida	USA:  Florida	A Scolopacidae.
Struthio karingarabensis [45]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Brigitte Senut Yannicke Dauphin Martin Pickford	Early Miocene	Karingarab	Namibia	A Struthionidae, eggshells.
Tetrao rhodopensis [59]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zlatozar N. Boev	Early Pliocene	MN 14	Bulgaria	A Phasianidae.
Xenopsitta fejfari [60]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jiří Mlíkovský	Early Miocene	MN 3	Czech Republic	A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes "Dendrorhynchus" Valid Ji S.-A. Ji Q. Normannognathus Valid Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G.

References

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