2002 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2002.
Paleobotany
Gymnosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Mustoe |
McAbee site, Kamloops Group |
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Sp nov |
Valid |
McKown, Stockey, & Schweger |
Ch'ijee's Bluff, Bluefish Basin |
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Angiosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sp nov |
Valid |
Poinar & Brown |
A species of Hymenaea, producer of Mexican amber |
|||||
Trifurcatua flabellata[5] |
Gen. et sp. nov. |
Valid |
Mohr & Rydin |
putative monocot |
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Paleozoology
Arthropods
Insects
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov. |
valid |
Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald |
A hemerobiid lacewing, a second species of Cretomerobius |
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sp. nov |
valid |
Makarkin, Archibald, Oswald |
first description of fossil Wesmaelius |
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Conodont paleozoology
Willi Ziegler IA Bardashev and K Weddige described the conodont genus Eolinguipolygnathus.[7]
Vertebrate paleozoology
Archosauromorphs
Dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[8]
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Fraser, Padian, Walkden, & Davis |
late Triassic |
A possible chimera |
| |||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Coria & Calvo |
Late Cretaceous |
An Iguanodont |
| |||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
An Abelisaurid |
| |||||
gen nov |
Novacek |
Officially named Byronosaurus |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
An ankylosaurid |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Czerkas, Zhang, Li, & Li |
Jr synonym of Microraptor |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Zhang, Zhou, Xu, & Wang |
jr synonym of Scansoriopteryx |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu et al. |
| |||||
gen et sp nov |
Hutt |
Jr synonym of Eotyrannus |
||||||
Rey |
Officially named Huaxiagnathus in 2004 |
|||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu, Wang, & Chang |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
|
| |||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kellner & Campos |
Bauru-type red conglomerate sandstone |
An Abelisaurid |
||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Czerkas & Yuan |
Possible junior synonym of Epidendrosaurus |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Xu et al. |
||||||
Newly named birds
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelalopus hoogbutseliensis [23] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Richard Smith |
Early Oligocene |
A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Aegialornis germanicus [24] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jirí Mlíkovský |
Middle Eocene |
An Apodiformes, Aegialornithidae Lydekker, 1891. |
|||
Archaeotrogon nocturnus [24] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jirí Mlíkovský |
Phosphorites du Quercy, MP 16-28 |
An Apodiformes, Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980. |
|||
Athene trinacriae [25] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Marco Pavia Cécile Mourer-Chauviré |
A Strigidae. |
||||
Belonopterus downsi [26] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr. |
Late Pleistocene |
|
A Charadriidae. |
||
Camusia quintanai [27] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Bartomeu Seguí |
Vroeg-Midden Plioceen |
MN 15-16 |
A Gruidae. |
||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai Zhang F. Gu Y. |
A Cathayornithidae Zhou, Jin et Zhang, 1992. |
|||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Sylvia Hope |
|
A Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb, 1963, transferred to the new genus Lamarqueavis Agnolin, 2010 by Federico Agnolin in 2010.[30] |
||||
Collocalia manuoi [31] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
An Apodidae. |
|||||
Colymboides belgicus [23] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Richard Smith |
Early Oligocene |
A Gaviidae. |
|||
Delphinornis arctowskii [32] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle |
A Spheniscidae. |
||||
Delphinornis gracilis [32] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle |
A Spheniscidae. |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Larry D. Martin |
|
An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Enaliornithidae Fürbringer, 1888. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. |
||||||
Giganhinga kiyuensis [35] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Andrés Rinderknecht Jorge I. Noriega |
San José Formation |
An Anhingidae. |
|||
Gigantohierax suarezi [36] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Oscar Arredondo |
Cave deposits |
An Accipitridae. |
|||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
James P. Lamb Per G. P. Ericson |
Early-Middle Campanian, |
|
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002. |
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Hesperornis bairdi [38] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim |
|
A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
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Hesperornis chowi [38] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim |
|
A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
|||
Hesperornis macdonaldi [38] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim |
|
A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
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Hesperornis mengeli [38] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Larry D. Martin Jong-Deock Lim |
A Hesperornithidae Marsh, 1872. |
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?Idiornis anthracinus [39] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Middle Eocene |
An Idiornithidae Brodkorb, 1965. The genus Idiornis Oberholser, 1899 is placed in synonymy with Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 by Mourer-Chauviré, 2013 [40] |
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Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Zhang Fucheng |
A Jeholornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006. |
|||||
Jiliniornis huadianensis [42] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai Per G. P. Ericson |
Middle Eocene |
A Charadriidae. |
|||
Valid ? |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai Zhang F. Gu Y. |
A Confuciusornithidae L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. This is the type species of the new genus. Possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
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Valid ? |
Sp. nov. |
Hou Lianhai Zhang F. Gu Y. |
A Confuciusornithidae L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. Possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
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Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Ji Qiang Ji Shuan Zhang Hongbin You Hailu Wang Lixia Yuan Chongxi Ji Xinxin |
An Avialae Gauthier, 1986. |
|||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Subrecent |
A Laridae. |
|||||
Marambiornis exilis [32] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle |
A Spheniscidae. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Early Middle Eocene |
A Sulidae. |
|||||
Mesetaornis polaris [32] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Andrzej Myrcha Pjotr Jadwiszczak Claudia P. Tambussi Jorge I. Noriega Andrzej Gazdzicki Andrzej Tatur Rodolpho A. Del Valle |
A Spheniscidae. |
||||
Miodytes serbicus [46] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Vesna Dimitreijevich Erika Gál Eugen Kessler |
Early Miocene |
Valjevo Basin |
|||
Valid |
Gen nov. et Sp. nov. |
David C. Parris Sylvia Hope |
Late Cretaceous |
Latest Maastrichtian or Earliest Danian, Hornerstown Formations |
|
A ?Torotigidae Brodkorb, 1963. |
||
Oligosylphe mourerchauvireae [23] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Richard Smith |
Early Oligocene |
A Piciformes, Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1988. |
|||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Stephen A. Czerkas Qiang Ji |
Jiufutang Formation |
An Omvivoropterygidae Czerkas and Qiang Ji, 2002. |
||||
Oxyura doksana [24] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Jirí Mlíkovský |
Early Miocene |
MN 4b |
An Anatidae. |
||
Paraortygoides radagasti [49] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Bonnie E. Gulas |
Early Eocene |
|
A Gallinuloididae Lucas, 1900. |
||
Parasarcoramphus milneedwardsi [50] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Cécile Mourer-Chauviré |
Phosphorites du Quercy |
A Cathartidae. |
|||
Plesiocathartes geiselensis [51] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Middle Eocene |
A Leptosomidae. |
||||
Plesiocathartes kelleri [52] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Middle Eocene |
A ?Leptosomidae. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
A Gaviidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Zhang Fucheng |
A Sapeornithidae Zhou, 2006. This is the type species of the new genus. |
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Septentrogon madseni [55] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Anette V. Kristoffersen |
A Trogonidae. This is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Ji Qiang Ji Shuan You Hailu Yuan Chonxi Ji Xinxin Li Jinglu Li Yinzian |
An Avialae. This is the type species of the new genus. When you enter "Discovery of an Avialae Bird from China, Shenzhouraptor sinensis gen. et sp. nov." in google you get the pdf. |
|||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Marcello Stucchi |
A Spheniscidae. |
|||||
Taubatornis campbelli [58] |
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga |
Tremembé Formation |
A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Oscar Arredondo |
Cave deposits |
A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909. Transferred to the new genus Oscaravis Suárez et Olson, 2009. by William Suárez Duque & Storrs Lovejoy Olson, they made it the type species of the new genus.[60] |
||||
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Kenneth E. Campbell Alison T. Stenger |
Late Pleistocene |
± -12.760-12.050 BP |
|
A Teratornithidae Miller, 1909. If you search "A New Teratorn (Aves: Teratornithidae) from the Upper Pleistocene of Oregon" on google, you find the pdf |
||
Valid |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Alexandr A. Karhu |
A Presbyornithidae Wetmore, 1926. This is the type species of the new genus. |
|||||
Tyto cyrneichnusae [63] |
Valid |
Sp. nov. |
Antoine Louchart |
Late Pleistocene |
A Tytonidae. |
|||
Plesiosaurs
New taxa
Name | Status | Authors | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Valid |
|
||
Valid |
|
||
Valid |
|
Pterosaurs
In October, a partial Mesadacylus wing was discovered in the Kingsview Quarry of Colorado.[64] This find marks the first time that a Morrison pterosaur has been found at more than one site in the formation.[64]
New taxa
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Dalla Vecchia, Wild, & Reitner |
Seefelder Beds |
|||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Buffetaut, Grigorescu, & Csiki |
Densuș-Ciula Formation |
possibly a jr synonym of Quetzalcoatlus |
| |||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Wang & Zhou |
| |||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Varricchio |
At first thought to be a bird, but subsequently reinterpreted as a pterosaur, likely a member of Ornithocheiroidea.[66] |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Czerkas & Ji |
||||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Kellner & Campos |
| |||||
gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Czerkas & Mickelson |
Morrison Formation, Utah |
Lepidosauromorphs
Newly named Squamates
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov |
Jr synonym |
Novas et al. |
Genus synonymized in 2007 with Taniwhasaurus |
|
Synapsids
Non-mammalian
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gen nov |
Valid |
Kammerer & Sidor |
Upper Permian |
A dinocephalian. Replacement name for Criocephalus Broom, 1928, preoccupied by Criocephalus Mulsant 1839. |
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Gen nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
A dicynodont. New genus for "Platycyclops" crassus Broom, 1948. |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
Beaufort Group |
A dicynodont. The type species is Kwazulusaurus shakai. |
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Lanthanocephalus[71] |
gen et sp nov |
Preoccupied |
Modesto, Rubidge, & Welman |
Koonap Formation |
Genus preoccupied by Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000, moved to the replacement Lanthanostegus in 2003 |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Tatarinov |
Middle Triassic |
A cynodont. The type species is Neotrirachodon expectatus. |
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gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
Kawinga Formation |
A gorgonopsian. The type species is Ruhuhucerberus terror. |
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gen nov |
Valid |
Maisch |
Kawinga Formation |
A gorgonopsian. New genus for "Gorgonognathus" maximus von Huene, 1950. |
References
- ↑ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ↑ Mustoe, G.E. (2002). "Eocene Ginkgo leaf fossils from the Pacific Northwest". Canadian Journal of Botany. 80: 1078–1087. doi:10.1139/b02-097.
- ↑ McKown, A.D.; Stockey, R.A.; Schweger, C.E. (2002). "A New Species of Pinus Subgenus Pinus Subsection Contortae From Pliocene Sediments of Ch'ijee's Bluff, Yukon Territory, Canada" (PDF). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 163 (4): 687–697. doi:10.1086/340425.
- ↑ Poinar, G.; Brown, A. (2002). "Hymenaea mexicana sp. nov. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from Mexican amber indicates Old World connections". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (2): 125–132. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00053.x.
- ↑ Mohr, B.; Rydin, C. (2002). "Trifurcatia flabellata n. gen. n. sp., a putative monocotyledon angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil)". Fossil Record. 5 (1): 335–344. doi:10.1002/mmng.20020050121.
- 1 2 Makarkin, VN; Archibald, SB; Oswald, JD (2003). "New Early Eocene brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from western North America". The Canadian Entomologist. 135: 637–653. doi:10.4039/n02-122.
- ↑ The phylomorphogenesis of some Early Devonian platform conodonts. IA Bardashev, K Weddige and W Ziegler, Senckenbergiana lethaea, December 2002, volume 82, issue 2, pages 375-451, doi:10.1007/BF03042946
- ↑ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ↑ Fraser, N.C., K. Padian, G.M. Walkden, and A.L.M. Davis. 2002. Basal dinosauriform remains from Britain and the diagnosis of the Dinosauria. Palaeontology 45: pp. 79-95.
- ↑ Coria, R.A.; Calvo, J.O. (2002). "A new iguanodontian ornithopod from Neuquen Basin, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (3): 503–509. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0503:aniofn]2.0.co;2.
- ↑ Coria R.A.; Chiappe L.M.; Dingus L. (2002). "A new close relative of Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte 1985 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22: 460–465. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0460:ANCROC]2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Novacek, M.J. 2002. Time Traveler. In: Search of Dinosaurs and Ancient Mammals from Montana to Mongolia. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 368 pages.
- ↑ Dong, Z.-M. 2002. A new armored dinosaur (Ankylosauria) from Beipaio Basin, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 40 (4): pp. 276-285.
- ↑ Czerkas, S.A., D. Zhang, J. Li, and Y. Li. 2002. Flying Dromaeasaurs. In S.J. Czerkas (ed.), Feathered Dinosaurs and the origin of flight. The dinosaur Museum Journal, Volume 1. The Dinosaur Museum of Blanding, Utah.
- ↑ Zhang, Fucheng; Zhou, Zhonghe; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2002). "A juvenile coelurosaurian theropod from China indicates arboreal habits". Naturwissenschaften. 89 (9): 394–8. doi:10.1007/s00114-002-0353-8. PMID 12435090.
- ↑ Xu X., X.-H. Zhang, P. Sereno, X.-J. Zhao, Xu.-W. Kuang, J. Han, and L. Tan. 2002. A new therizionosauroid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Iren Dabau Formation of Nei Mongol. Vertebrate Palasiatica 40 (3): pp.228-240.
- ↑ Hutt, S. 2002. "Mr Leng's dinosaur." The Geological Society of the Isle of Wight Newsletter 2 (6): pp. 12–14.
- ↑ Xu X.; Cheng Y.-N.; Wang X.-L.; Chang C.-N. (2002). "An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China". Nature. 419 (6904): 291–293. doi:10.1038/nature00966. PMID 12239565.
- ↑ Xu X.; Makovicky P.J.; Wang X.-L.; Norell M.A.; Hou H.L. (2002). "A ceratopsian dinosaur from China and the early evolution of Ceratopsia". Nature. 416 (6878): 314–317. doi:10.1038/416314a. PMID 11907575.
- ↑ Kellner, A.W.A. and D.A. Campos. 2002. On a theropod dinosaur (Abelisauria) from the continental Cretaceous of Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro 60 (3): pp. 163-170.
- ↑ Czerkas, S.A. and C. Yuan. 2002. An arboreal maniraptoran from northwest China. In: Feathered Dinosaurs and the origin of flight (S.J. Czerkas, ed.). The Dinosaur Museum Journal 1 (Dinosaur Museum of Blanding, Utah).
- ↑ Xu X.; Norell M.A.; Wang X.-L.; Makovicky P.J.; Wu X.-C. (2002). "A basal troodontid from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 415 (6873): 780–784. doi:10.1038/415780a. PMID 11845206.
- 1 2 3 Gerald Mayr; Richard Smith (2002). "Avian Remains from the Lowermost Oligocene of Hoogbutsel (Belgium)". Bulletin de l’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Earth Sciences. 72: 139–150.
- 1 2 3 Jirí Mlíkovský (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press, 2002: 1–407.
- ↑ Marco Pavia; Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (2002). "Avian An Overview of the Genus Athene in the Pleistocene of the Mediterranean Islands, with the Description of Athene trinacriae n. sp. (Aves: Strigidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Beijing, 1-4 june 2000. 1: 13–27.
- ↑ Kenneth E. Campbell Jr. (2002). "A New Species of Late Pleistocene Lapwing from Rancho La Brea" (PDF). Condor. 104 (1): 170–174. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0170:ansolp]2.0.co;2.
- ↑ Bartomeu Seguí (2002). "A New Genus of Crane (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Late Tertiary of the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean". Ibis. 144 (3): 411–422. doi:10.1046/j.1474-919x.2002.00074.x.
- 1 2 3 Hou, Zhou; Zhang & Gu (2002). "Mesozoic birds from western Liaoning in China. Liaoning". Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing.
- ↑ Sylvia Hope (2002). "The Mesozoic Radiation of Neornithes". In: Luis M. Chiappe & Lawrence M. Witmer (ed): Mesozoic Birds: Above the head of Dinosaurs: 339–388.
- ↑ Federico L. (2010). "An Avian Coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina" (PDF). Studia Geologica Salmanticensia. 46 (2): 99–119.
- ↑ David W. Steadman (2002). "A New Species of Swiftlet (Aves: Apodidae) from the Late Quaternary of Mangaia, Cook Islands, Oceania". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (2): 326–331. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0326:ansosa]2.0.co;2.
- 1 2 3 4 Andrzej Myrcha; Pjotr Jadwiszczak; Claudia P. Tambussi; Jorge I. Noriega; Andrzej Gazdzicki; Andrzej Tatur; Rodolpho A. Del Valle (2002). "Taxonomic Revision of Eocene Antarctic Penguins Based on Tarsometatarsal Morphology" (PDF). Polish Polar Research. 23 (1): 5–46.
- ↑ Peter M. Galton; Larry D. Martin (2002). "Postcranial Anatomy and Systematics of Enaliornis, a Foot-propelled Diving Bird (Aves: Ornithurae Hesperornithiformes) from the Early Cretaceous of England" (PDF). Revue de Paléobiologie. 21 (2): 489–538.
- ↑ Zhou Zhonghe (2002). "A New and Primitive Enantiornithine Bird from the Early Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0049:anapeb]2.0.co;2.
- ↑ Andrés Rinderknecht; Jorge I. Noriega (2002). "Un Nuevo Género de Anhingidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) del Plioceno-Pleistoceno del Uruguay (Formación San José)". Ameghiniana. 39 (2): 183–191.
- ↑ Oscar Arredondo; Carlos Arredondo (2002) [1999]. "Nuevos Género y Especie de Ave Fósil (Falconiformes: Accipitridae) del Cuaternario de Cuba". Poeyana. 470-475: 9–14.
- ↑ Luis M. Chiappe; James P. Lamb, jr.; Per G. P. Ericson (2002). "New Enantiornithine Bird from the Marine Upper Cretaceous of Alabama" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (1): 170–174. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0170:nebftm]2.0.co;2.
- 1 2 3 4 Larry D. Martin; Jong-Deock Lim (2002). "New Information on the Hesperornithiform Radiation". Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Beijing, 1-4 june 2000. 1: 165–174.
- ↑ Gerald Mayr (2002). "Avian Remains from the Middle Eocene of the Geiseltal (Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany)". Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Beijing, 1-4 june 2000. 1 (1): 77–96.
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