59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot

For other units with the same regimental number, see 59th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)
59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot
Active 1755–1881
Country United Kingdom
Allegiance British Army
Type Infantry
Size One battalion (Two battalions 1804–1816)[1]
Nickname(s) The Lily Whites[2]
Colors White facings
Engagements Cape of Good Hope 1806, Peninsular War, Second Anglo-Chinese War, Second Anglo-Afghan War

The 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, formed in 1755 in response to the threat of renewed war with France.[1] It was amalgamated with the 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot in 1881 to form The East Lancashire Regiment as part of the Childers Reforms.[2]

Formation and numbering

In 1754 war broke out between Great Britain and France. As a consequence of what would eventually become the Seven Years' War, the size of the British Army was increased.

On 23 December 1755 Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Montagu raised the 61st Regiment of Foot in the counties of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire.[1][2] Following the disbandment of two junior regiments, the 61st was renumbered as the 59th Regiment of Foot in the following year.[1][2]

Early service in North America

Shortly after its formation, the regiment moved from England to Ireland, where it performed garrison duty until 1763. In that year the 59th Foot sailed to Nova Scotia where they remained until 1772 when they stationed in Boston, Massachusetts. The 59th were in Boston when the American War of Independence broke out, and suffered severe casualties. The remains of the regiment returned to England in 1776 to reform.[3]

Garrison duties 1782–1794

In 1782, the closing stages of the Anglo Spanish War, the 59th were assigned to the Gibraltar garrison, remaining there for ten years. From 1792–1794 the regiment was based in England and the Channel Islands.[3] In 1782 all regiments of the line without a royal title were given a county designation and the regiment became the 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot (the 45th Foot being designated the 1st Nottinghamshire).[2]

French Revolutionary Wars

Flanders campaign

With the outbreak of war with revolutionary France, the 59th formed part of the British force dispatched to Flanders, arriving in 1794. The campaign was a major reverse for the British and their allies, and the regiment was evacuated back to England in 1795.[3]

West Indies

Later in 1795 the 59th Foot sailed to the West Indies, where they were to remain for seven years. They were stationed in Saint Vincent, where they suppressed uprisings by the Maroons. They returned to England in 1802.[3]

Napoleonic Wars

Formation of second battalion

In August 1804, while stationed in England, a second battalion of the 59th Foot was raised.[3] The 1st Battalion sailed in the following year for the Cape of Good Hope, while the 2nd Battalion was to remain on garrison duty in England, Ireland and the Channel Islands until 1808.[4]

Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope, which had been captured by the British in 1795, had been returned to the Dutch under the Treaty of Amiens. On 7 January 1806 the 1st Battalion of the 59th was part of a brigade that landed at the Cape, and within two days the Dutch forces had surrendered. Although the regiment suffered only light casualties (two dead and six wounded) this was to be the 59th's first battle honour.[5]

Corunna and Walcheren

The 2nd Battalion, meanwhile, sailed for Spain in 1808. On 16 January 1809 it took part in the Battle of Corunna, a British tactical victory which allowed for the evacuation of their forces from the Iberian peninsula.[4] From England, the battalion was dispatched to the Netherlands in July 1809, taking part in the fruitless Walcheren Campaign. The unit was to remain in England and Ireland until 1812.[4]

Mauritius and Java

From the Cape, the 1st Battalion sailed to India. In November 1810 the battalion took part in the invasion of Mauritius. In the following year they invaded Java.[3][5] They remained in Java until 1815, when they returned to India.[3]

Peninsular War

In 1812 the 2nd Battalion returned to Spain. They took part in the Battle of Vittoria (June 1813), the Siege of San Sebastián (July – August 1813), the Battle of the Bidassoa (October 1813), the Battle of Nivelle (November 1813) and the Battle of the Nive (December 1813).[4]

Waterloo campaign

From France the 2/59th had sailed to Ireland. When Napoleon returned to France, triggering the "Hundred Days", the battalion was part of the British force dispatched to Belgium. While they were present in the Waterloo area, they did not take part in the hostilities.[5] Having formed part of the army of occupation in France, the 2nd Battalion returned to England in 1816, where they were disbanded.[4]

Indian subcontinent 1816–1829

On the disbandment of the 2nd Battalion, the 1st was redesignated simply as the 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot. The unit moved from India to Ceylon in 1817, returning to India in the following year, where it fought in the Third Anglo-Maratha War. In 1825–1826 they took part in the siege and capture of the Jat fortress of Bharatpur (awarded as the honour "Bhurtpore").[3][5] The regiment returned to England in 1829.

China

For the next twenty years the 59th was engaged in garrison duties in England, Ireland, Malta and the West Indies.[3] In 1849 they sailed to China to become part of a small force enforcing the terms imposed on China following the First Opium War. In 1856 Britain deemed the terms of the treaty to have been broken, and the Second Opium War commenced. In January 1858 the 59th Foot, along with members of the Royal Marine Light Infantry and the Royal Navy occupied the city of Canton.[3][5]

Second Anglo-Afghan War

In 1858 the 59th Foot moved to South Africa, subsequently returning to the United Kingdom in 1861. From 1867 – 1878 the regiment again served in India and Ceylon. From India the 59th crossed into Afghanistan in November 1878 as part of an invasion force, seeking to stem Russian influence in the region.[5] In April 1880 they fought in the Battle of Ahmed Khel.[3] Later in 1880 the 59th Foot returned to England.

Amalgamation

Under the "localisation scheme" of the infantry carried out by Edward Cardwell in 1873, the 59th foot had been paired (or "brigaded") with the 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot. The two regiments recruited in a single "Brigade District" forming part of Lancashire and shared a depot at Burnley.

On 1 July 1881 the process of amalgamation was completed when the Childers Reforms came into effect. The 30th and 59th Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the East Lancashire Regiment.[2] Following a series of amalgamations, the lineage of the 59th is now continued by the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.

Battle honours

The 59th Foot was awarded the following battle honours to be borne on the regimental colours. The year in brackets is the year of the award of the honour, not of the action it commemorates.[1][5][6]
  • Peninsula (1815 to 2nd battalion; to whole regiment 1816)
  • Bhurtpore (1826)
  • Canton (1861)
  • Ahmed Khel (1861)
  • Afghanistan 1878–80 (1881)

Victoria Cross

A Victoria Cross was awarded on 24 October 1879 to Captain Euston Henry Sartorius during the 2nd Afghan War.

Colonels of the Regiment

Colonels of the Regiment were:[7]

61st Regiment of Foot

59th Regiment of Foot - (1756)

59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot - (1782)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Swinson, Arthur (1972). A Register of the Regiments and Corps of the British Army. London: The Archive Press. p. 158. ISBN 0-85591-000-3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "2nd Bn., East Lancashire Regiment: Service". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2006. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "2nd Battalion, 59th Regiment of Foot: Service". Regiments.org. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Norman, C B (1911). Battle Honours of the British Army: From Tangier 1662 to the Commencement of the Reign of King Edward VII. London: John Murray.
  6. ↑ Sumner, Ian (2001). British Colours & Standards 1747 – 1881 (2): Infantry. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 26–28. ISBN 1-84176-201-6.
  7. ↑ "59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot". regiments.org. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
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