Advanced learner's dictionary

The advanced learner's dictionary is the most common type of monolingual learner's dictionary, that is, a dictionary written for someone who is learning a foreign language and who has a proficiency level of B2 or above according to the Common European Framework. It differs from a bilingual or translation dictionary, on the one hand, and a standard dictionary written for native speakers or linguistic scholars, on the other. The definitions are usually built on defining vocabulary.

Although advanced learner's dictionaries have been produced for learners of several languages (including Chinese, Dutch, German, and Spanish) the majority are written for learners of English.

Printed

The best-known advanced learner's dictionaries are:

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, first published in 1948.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, first published in 1978.
Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, first published in 1987 and now published as Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
Cambridge International Dictionary of English, first published in 1995 and now published as Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, first published in 2002.
Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's English Dictionary, first published in 2008.

Macmillan recently announced that the dictionary would no longer be available in print. So there are four popular learner's dictionaries for British English that are available in print (Merriam-Webster's aims for American English).

Online dictionaries

Online dictionary resources also provide attractive support to advanced learners. The Open Dictionary of English is specifically designed to serve as a learner's dictionary. Visitors can register for free, adaptive tutoring, which seamlessly integrates with the dictionary.

Wordnik and Wikipedia's own Wiktionary are other useful resources to advanced learners. Due to their collaborative nature, they produce definitions and sample sentences that are more diverse and written in popular terms, which helps understanding for an English language learner.

External links

Crowdsourced

Commercial

Dictionaries of English

Old and Middle English	An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Dictionary of Old English Middle English Dictionary

Historic	Catholicon Anglicum (1483) The English Schoole-Master (1596) The New World of English Words (1658) A New English Dictionary (1702) An Universal Etymological English Dictionary (1721) A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Webster's Dictionary (1828) Century Dictionary (1889–91)

American English	American Heritage Dictionary of American English Dictionary of American Regional English Imperial Dictionary New Oxford American Oxford American Random House Webster's Webster's New World Webster's Third New International Dictionary World Book Dictionary

British English	Chambers Collins Oxford English, Concise Oxford English, Compact Oxford English, Shorter Oxford English, Historical Thesaurus, Oxford Dictionary of English Penguin

Canadian English	Canadian Oxford Dictionary of Canadianisms Gage Canadian (Full list)

Australian English	Australian National Australian Oxford Macquarie

Online	Wiktionary Collaborative International Dictionary of English OmegaWiki Urban Dictionary Wordnik

Learners / ESL	Cambridge Advanced Learner's Collins COBUILD Advanced Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Oxford Advanced Learner's

Lexicography

Types of reference works	Dictionary Glossary Lexicon Phrase book Thesaurus

Types of dictionaries	Advanced learner's Anagram Bilingual Biographical Conceptual Defining Electronic Encyclopedic Etymological Explanatory Grammatical Idiom Language for specific purposes dictionary Machine-readable Maximizing Medical Minimizing Monolingual learner's Multi-field Phonetic Picture Pronouncing Reverse Rhyming Rime Single-field Specialized Spelling Sub-field Visual Word formation dictionary

Lexicographic projects	Lexigraf WordNet

Other	List of lexicographers List of online dictionaries

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Advanced learner's dictionary

Printed

Online dictionaries

See also

Further reading

External links