Algor mortis

Stages of death
1. Pallor mortis 2. Algor mortis 3. Rigor mortis 4. Livor mortis 5. Putrefaction 6. Decomposition 7. Skeletonization

Algor mortis (Latin: algor—coldness; mortis—of death), the second stage of death, is the change in body temperature post mortem, until the ambient temperature is matched. This is generally a steady decline, although if the ambient temperature is above the body temperature (such as in a desert), the change in temperature will be positive, as the (relatively) cooler body acclimates to the warmer environment. External factors can have a significant influence. Algor mortis also occurs when the body dies.

Applicability

An XY plot of the Glaister equation with values from 37 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius (a commonly used ambient temperature).

A measured rectal temperature can give some indication of the time of death. Although the heat conduction which leads to body cooling follows an exponential decay curve, it can be approximated as a linear process: 2° Celsius during the first hour and 1° Celsius per hour until the body nears ambient temperature.

The Glaister equation^[1][2] estimates the hours elapsed since death as a linear function of the rectal temperature:

${\displaystyle (36.9^{\circ }C-{\text{rectal temperature in Celsius}})\cdot {\frac {6}{5}}}$

or

${\frac {98.4\,^{{\circ }}{{\rm {F}}}-{\text{rectal temperature in Fahrenheit}}}{1.5}}$

As decomposition occurs the internal body temperature tends to rise again.

Variability

Generally, temperature change is considered an inaccurate means of determining time of death, as the rate of change is affected by several key factors, including:^[3]

• Stability or fluctuation of the ambient temperature.
• The level and thickness of clothing or similar materials.
• The thermal conductivity of the surface on which a body lies.
• Diseases or drugs which increase body temperature and thereby raise the starting temperature of the corpse at the time of death
• The existence of a "temperature plateau",^[4] a highly variable length of time in which the body does not cool.

References

1. http://www.fmap.archives.gla.ac.uk/DC403/DC403_page.htm
2. Guharaj, P. V. (2003). "Cooling of the body (algor mortis)". Forensic Medicine (2nd ed.). Hyderabad: Longman Orient. pp. 61–62.
3. http://www.crimewatchcanada.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=79:changes-to-a-body-after-death&catid=41:january-february-2010-issue-76&Itemid=53
4. Kaliszan, M. (20 May 2005). "Verification of the exponential model of body temperature decrease after death in pigs". Experimental Physiology. 90 (5): 727–738. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2005.030551.

• Saferstein, Richard (2004). Criminalistics An Introduction to Forensic Science (8th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-113706-9.
• Karen T. Taylor, "Forensic art and illustration", CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8493-8118-5, p. 308
• Robert G. Mayer, "Embalming: history, theory, and practice", McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005, ISBN 0-07-143950-1, p. 106
• Calixto Machado, "Brain death: a reappraisal", Springer, 2007, ISBN 0-387-38975-X, pp. 73–74

External links

• Standards Employed to Determine Time of Death
• Estimation of the time since death (by rectal temperature, C. Henssge, 2004).