Anne of Burgundy

Anne of Burgundy
Duchess of Bedford
Born	30 September 1404
Died	14 November 1432 (aged 28) Hôtel de Bourgogne, Paris
Burial	Church of the Celestines, Paris Chartreuse de Champnol, Dijon
Spouse	John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford m. 1423; wid. 1432
Father	John II the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy
Mother	Margaret of Bavaria

Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford (French: Anne de Bourgogne) (30 September 1404 – 14 November 1432) was a daughter of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (1371–1419) and his wife Margaret of Bavaria (1363–1423).

Marriage

In June 1423 at Troyes, Anne married John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, son of Henry IV of England by the 1423 Treaty of Amiens.^[1] The marriage was meant to cement relations between England and Anne's brother Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.^[2] This alliance was vital for continued English success in France as, in 1422, John had been appointed Regent of France, during the minority of his nephew, Henry VI of England who was seven months old at the death of his father on 31 August 1422.^[3] Burgundy's antagonism with the House of Valois (which caused the Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War) had been one of the leading factors in the losses faced by the French at the hands of the English.

Death and legacy

John and Anne were happily married. Their union remained childless. Anne died on 14 November 1432 in Paris, at the Hôtel de Bourbon, adjoining the Louvre Palace. She was buried at the couvent des Célestins, while her heart was deposited at the couvent des Grands-Augustins.^[4] Her tomb was designed by Guillaume Vluten and, according to one historian, "ranks among the most important Parisian effigies of the first half of the fifteenth century".^[5] Of the original funerary monument at the couvent des Célestins (which was destroyed in 1849), two pieces have survived: the gisant (recumbent statue), which is at the Louvre museum, and the pleurant (mourning statue), at the Musée de Cluny, the Middle Ages museum in Paris. Bones remains, found during archeological search of the couvent des Célestins in 1847, were identified as being those of Anne, thanks to a plaque bearing her name. In 1853, these remains were taken to Saint Bégnine cathedral in Dijon, and buried in her grandfather's grave.

Anne's death signified the beginning of one of two disastrous trends in Lancastrian history. The following year, John remarried to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, but faced opposition for various political reasons in this decision from Anne's brother the Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. From this time on, relations between the two became cool, culminating in the 1435 peace negotiations between Burgundy and Charles VII, the exiled king of France. Later that year, a letter was dispatched to Henry VI, formally breaking their alliance.^[6]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne of Burgundy

16. Philip VI of France               8. John II of France                       17. Joan of Burgundy               4. Philip II, Duke of Burgundy                             18. John I of Bohemia               9. Bonne of Bohemia                       19. Elisabeth of Bohemia               2. John II, Duke of Burgundy                                   20. Louis I of Flanders               10. Louis II of Flanders                       21. Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy               5. Margaret III, Countess of Flanders                             22. John III, Duke of Brabant               11. Margaret of Brabant                       23. Marie d'Évreux               1. Anne of Burgundy                                         24. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria               12. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor                       25. Matilda of Habsburg               6. Albert I, Duke of Bavaria                             26. William I, Count of Hainaut               13. Margaret II, Countess of Hainault                       27. Joan of Valois               3. Margaret of Bavaria                                   28. Bolesław III the Generous               14. Ludwik I the Fair                       29. Margaret of Bohemia               7. Margaret of Brieg                             30. Henry IV the Faithful               15. Agnes of Głogów                       31. Matilda of Brandenburg

References

1. Griffiths, p. 26.
2. Neillands, p. 231.
3. Weir, p. 73.
4. Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris, 1405-1449, publié d'après les manuscrits de Rome et de Paris, par Alexandre Tuetey, chez Champion, Paris, 1881, pp. 289-290
5. Chipps Smith, p. 39.
6. Weir, Alison, The War of the Roses, Ballantine Books, 2009 Reprint (15 June 1996), p. 84. ISBN 978-0345404336

Sources

• Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Musée du Louvre". Gesta. 23 (01): 39–50. JSTOR 766962.
• Griffiths, R.A. (2005). The Reign of King Henry VI. The History Press. ISBN 0-7509-3777-7.
• Neillands, Robin (2001). The Hundred Years War. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26131-7.
• Weir, Alison (1996). The Wars of the Roses: Lancaster and York. London: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40433-5.

External links

• Media related to Anne of Burgundy at Wikimedia Commons