Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules

A set of rules for the romanization of Arabic that is highly phonetic, almost one-to-one, and uses only two special characters, namely the hyphen and the apostrophe as modifiers. This standard also includes rules for diacritization, including tanwiin.

This transliteration scheme can be thought of as a compromise between the Qalam transliteration and the Buckwalter Transliteration. It represents consonants with one letter and possibly the apostrophe (or single quotation mark) as a modifier, and uses one or several Latin vowels to represent short and long Arabic vowels. It strives for minimality as well as phonetic expressiveness. It does not distinguish between the different shapes of the hamza since it assumes that a software implementation can resolve the differences through the standard rules of spelling in Arabic ar:إملاء.

Note: The Arabic words in this article are written using the Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules.

Guiding Principles

The rules were designed with the following principles in mind :

Transliteration Tables

Arabic letters ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي / ى[1]
DIN 31635 ʾ / ā b t ǧ d r z s š ʿ ġ f q k l m n h w / ū y /
Buckwalter A v j H x * $ S D T Z E g w y
Qalam ' / aa th kh dh sh ` gh
BATR A / aa c K z' x E g w / uu y / ii
IPA (MSA) ʔ, b t θ
ɡ
ʒ
ħ x d ð r z s ʃ ðˤ
ʕ ɣ f q k l m n h w, j,
hamza is always represented by e. The correct spelling form is deducible from standard rules of spelling when the word is fully voweled. This is in contrast to Buckwalter Transliteration where several symbols are needed; e.g. hamza on alif is represented by > while hamza on waaw is represented by &.
ealif: In general, ealif is represented by aa or A. The ealif Al-waSl is represented by eo while ealif maqSuurat' is represented by aaa.
Harakaat
  • fatHat': a
  • Dammat': u
  • kasrat': i
  • fatHatayn: aN
  • Dammatayn: uN
  • kasratayn: iN
  • shaddat' or xaddat' is represented by the letter repeated
  • sukūn: o or -o-
  • taae marbuuTat': t'
  • taTwiil: _

Notes

  1. In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always ى (without dots).

External links

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