Canadian federal election, 1926

Canadian federal election, 1926

September 14, 1926

245 seats in the 16th Canadian Parliament 123 seats needed for a majority   First party Second party   Leader W. L. Mackenzie King Arthur Meighen Party Liberal Conservative Leader since 1919 1920 Leader's seat Prince Albert Portage la Prairie (lost re-election) Last election 100 115 Seats won 116 91 Seat change 16 24 Popular vote 1,397,031 1,476,834 Percentage 42.90% 45.35% Swing 3.06pp 0.78pp   Third party Fourth party   Party Progressive United Farmers of Alberta Last election 22 2 Seats won 11 11 Seat change 11 9 Popular vote 128,060 60,740 Percentage 3.93% 1.87% Swing 4.52pp 1.61pp

Prime Minister before election Arthur Meighen Conservative Prime Minister-designate William Lyon Mackenzie King Liberal

The Canadian federal election of 1926 was held on September 14 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 16th Parliament of Canada. The election was called following an event known as the King-Byng Affair. In the 1925 federal election, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberal Party of Canada won fewer seats in the Canadian House of Commons than the Conservative Party of Arthur Meighen. Mackenzie King, however, was determined to continue to govern with the support of the Progressive Party. The combined Liberal and Progressive caucuses gave Mackenzie King a plurality of seats in the House of Commons, and the ability to form a minority government. The agreement collapsed, however, following a scandal, and Mackenzie King approached the Governor-General, Baron Byng of Vimy, to seek dissolution of the Parliament. Byng refused on the basis that the Conservatives had won the largest number of seats in the prior election, and called upon Meighen to form a government.

Prime Minister Meighen's government was soon defeated in a vote of non-confidence, and Byng agreed to dissolve Parliament and call new elections. Mackenzie King effectively campaigned against Byng in the election instead of against Meighen, and won the largest number of seats in the House of Commons despite receiving a smaller proportion of the popular vote than the Tories. The Liberals did not run candidates in all ridings, having an informal electoral pact with the Progressives and Liberal-Progressives. Note in particular the election results in Manitoba, where Meighen's party captured almost 40 percent of the vote, twice the vote share of any other party, but no seats. Thus, Mackenzie King's Liberals were able to govern with the support of Liberal-Progressive Members of Parliament.

Byng returned to Britain at the end of the year and was raised to the rank of Viscount as an expression of confidence in him.

After his party's defeat and the loss of his own seat, Meighen resigned as Conservative leader.

The Canadian parliament after the 1926 election

National results

↓
116	91	11	11	16
Liberal	Conservative	P	UFA	O

Party		Party leader	# of candidates	Seats			Popular vote
				1925	Elected	% Change	#	%	pp Change
	Liberal	W. L. Mackenzie King	203	100	116	+16.0%	1,397,031	42.90%	+3.06
	Conservative	Arthur Meighen	232	115	91	-20.2%	1,476,834	45.35%	-0.78
	Progressive		28	22	11	-50.0%	128,060	3.93%	-4.52
	United Farmers of Alberta		12	2	11	+450%	60,740	1.87%	+1.61
	Liberal–Progressive	Robert Forke	12	-	8		63,144	1.94%	+1.83
	Labour		18	2	4	+100%	55,661	1.71%	-0.10
	Independent		10	2	2	-	25,821	0.79%	+0.28
	Independent Liberal		5	1	1	-	18,627	0.57%	-0.42
	United Farmers of Ontario		1	*	1	*	6,909	0.21%	*
	Independent Conservative		3	1	-	-100%	10,164	0.31%	-0.23
	Progressive-Conservative		2	-	-	-	7,088	0.22%	+0.18
	Liberal-Labour		1	*	-	*	4,187	0.13%	*
	Labour-Farmer		1	-	-	-	1,441	0.04%	-0.11
	Socialist		1	-	-	-	672	0.02%	-0.04
	Protectionist		1	*	-	*	129	x	*
Total			530	245	245	-	3,256,508	100%
Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- History of Federal Ridings since 1867

Notes:

* not applicable - the party was not recognized in the previous election

x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote

Vote and seat summaries

Popular vote
Conservative			45.35%
Liberal			42.90%
Progressive			3.93%
United Farmers			1.87%
Others			5.95%

Seat totals
Liberal			47.35%
Conservative			37.14%
Progressive			4.49%
United Farmers			4.49%
Others			6.53%

Results by province

The results in the province of Manitoba are used by supporters of electoral reform as a reason to abolish the "First Past the Post" electoral system. Note that with 40% of the vote, the Conservatives did not win a single seat in the province. The explanation for this bizarre occurrence is that only three ridings in Manitoba were three-way races - Springfield, St. Boniface, and Winnipeg North - and one acclamation - Provencher. The other 13 ridings were two-way races between the Conservatives and either the Liberals, Progressives, Liberal-Progressives, or Labour Party. Thus, the main reason for the disproportionality is that parties other than the Conservatives simply chose not to field candidates in ridings where a non-conservative candidate was already running - thus uniting the vote against the Conservatives in those thirteen Manitoba ridings.

Party name			BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PE	YK	Total
	Liberal	Seats:	1	3	16	4	24	59	4	2	3	-	116
		Popular Vote (%):	37.0	24.5	51.3	18.4	35.3	61.3	46.1	43.5	52.7	44.1	42.8
	Conservative	Seats:	12	1	-	-	53	4	7	12	1	1	91
		Vote:	54.2	31.5	27.5	39.7	54.9	34.0	53.9	53.7	47.3	55.9	45.4
	Progressive	Seats:			4	4	3						11
		Vote:			17.9	11.2	5.1						3.9
	United Farmers of Alberta	Seats:		11									11
		Vote:		38.7									1.9
	Liberal-Progressive	Seats:			1	7	-						8
		Vote:			3.2	19.5	1.4						1.9
	Labour	Seats:	-	1		2	1			-			4
		Vote:	6.4	4.3		8.7	1.1			2.8			1.7
	Independent	Seats:	1	-			-	1					2
		Vote:	2.3	0.1			0.5	1.9					0.8
	Independent Liberal	Seats:						1					1
		Vote:						2.3					0.6
	United Farmers of Ontario	Seats:					1						1
		Vote:					0.6						0.2
Total seats			14	16	21	17	82	65	11	14	4	1	245
Parties that won no seats:
	Independent Conservative	Vote:					0.8	0.1					0.3
	Progressive-Conservative	Vote:				2.5		0.3					0.2
	Liberal-Labour	Vote:					0.3						0.1
	Labour-Farmer	Vote:		0.9									xx
	Socialist	Vote:						0.1					xx
	Protectionist	Vote:						xx					xx

xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote

See also

• List of Canadian federal general elections
• List of political parties in Canada
• 16th Canadian Parliament

References

Further reading

• Argyle, Ray. Turning Points: The Campaigns That Changed Canada - 2011 and Before (2011) excerpt and text search ch 7

External links

• Principles vs Puffiness, by J.L. Granatstein