Congress of the Republic of Peru
Coordinates: 12°02′53″S 77°01′30″W / 12.04806°S 77.02500°W
| Congress of the Republic of Peru Congreso de la República | |
|---|---|
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| Type | |
| Type | |
| Leadership | |
President of Congress | |
1st Vice President of Congress | |
2nd Vice President of Congress | |
3rd Vice President of Congress | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 130 |
 | |
Political groups |
FP (72) |
| Salary | S/.187,200 Annually |
| Elections | |
Last election | April 10, 2016 |
Next election | April 10, 2021 (Scheduled) |
| Meeting place | |
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| Palacio Legislativo (Plaza Bolívar, Lima 01) | |
| Website | |
| Congress of the Republic of Peru | |
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Peru |
| Constitution |
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Autonomies
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The Congress of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Congreso de la República) is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru. The congress consists of 130 members (congresistas), who are elected for five-year periods in office on a proportional representation basis. To be eligible, candidates must be Peruvian citizens, have passed their 25th birthday, and not have had their right to vote suspended. The last congressional election was held on April 10, 2016, concurrently with the presidential election. Since July 26, 2016, the President of Congress is Luz Salgado, of the Popular Force party. Currently, the Peruvian congress congregates at the Palacio Legislativo, which is located in the Historical Center of Lima, across the road from Plaza Simón Bolívar and a few blocks away from Casa de Pizarro.
Historical
The first Peruvian Congress was installed in 1822 as the Constitutional Congress led by Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro. In 1829, the government installed a bicameral Congress, made up by a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. This system was interrupted by a number of times by Constitutional Congresses that promulgated new Constitutions that lasted for a couple of years. The Deputies reunited in the Legislative Palace and the Senators went to the former Saint Inquisition of Lima until 1930, when Augusto B. Leguía was overthrown by Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro. He installed a Constitutional Congress (1931–1933) that promulgated the Constitution of 1933. By order of the president, the Peruvian Aprista Party members that were in Congress were arrested for there revolutionary doctrines against the government. When Sánchez Cerro was assassinated in 1933 by an APRA member, General Óscar R. Benavides took power and closed Congress until 1939, when Manuel Prado Ugarteche was elected President. During various dictatorships, the Congress was interrupted by coups d'état. In 1968, Juan Velasco Alvarado overthrew president Fernando Belaúnde by a coup d'état, closing again the Congress.
The 1979 Constitution was promulgated on July 12, 1979 by the Constitutional Assembly elected following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed President Fernando Belaúnde. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). Members of both chambers were elected for five-year terms, running concurrently with that of the president. Party-list proportional representation was used for both chambers: on a regional basis for the Senate, and using the D'Hondt method for the lower house. Members of both houses had to be Peruvian citizens, with a minimum age of 25 for deputies and 35 for senators. At the beginning of the 1990s, the bicameral congress had a low public approval rating. President Alberto Fujimori did not have the majority in both chambers, the opposition lead the Congress, imposing the power that Fujimori had as President. He made the decision of dissolving Congress by a self-coup to his government in 1992.
Following the self-coup, in which Congress was dissolved, the Democratic Constitutional Congress established a single chamber of 120 members. The CCD promulgated the 1993 Constitution in which gave more power to the President. The new unicameral Congress started working in 1995, dominated by Fujimori's Congressmen that had the majority. The Congress permits a one-year term for a Congressman to become President of Congress.
Composition of the Peruvian Congress
Peruvian Congress of 1995-2000
On July 27, 1995 a new unicameral Congress was created with the following distribution by political party:
- Change 90-New Majority (Alberto Fujimori): 67 seats
- Union for Peru (Javier Pérez de Cuéllar): 17 seats
- Peruvian Aprista Party (Mercedes Cabanillas): 8 seats
- Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 6 seats
- Democratic Convergence-Possible Country (Alejandro Toledo): 5 seats
- Popular Action (Raúl Diez Canseco): 4 seats
- Christian People's Party (Luis Bedoya Reyes): 3 seats
- National Renovation (Rafael Rey): 3 seats
- United Left (Agustín Haya de la Torre): 2 seats
- OBRAS (Ricardo Belmont Cassinelli): 2 seats
- FREPAP (Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal): 1 seat
- National Front of Workers and Peasants (Roger Cáceres Velásquez): 1 seat
- Agrarian Independent Movement (-): 1 seat
Peruvian Congress of 2000-2001
On July 27, 2000 the Congress of the Republic was established. This Congressional period was marked with various episodes of members of Congress switching their party affiliation. The following distribution marks seats by party at the end of the 2000-2001 term:
- Peru 2000 (Alberto Fujimori): 52 seats
- Peru Possible (Alejandro Toledo): 29 seats
- Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 9 seats
- Somos Perú: 8 seats
- Peruvian Aprista Party: 6 seats
- National Solidarity): 5 seats
- Avancemos (Federico Salas): 3 seats
- Popular Action (Víctor Andrés García Belaúnde): 3 seats
- Union for Peru (Máximo San Román: 3 seats
- FREPAP: 1 seat
Peruvian Congress of 2001-2006
On July 21, 2001 a new Congress of the Peruvian Republic was established the following is a distribution of Congress members by political party affiliation:
- Peru Possible (Alejandro Toledo): 35 seats
- Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan García): 28 seats
- National Unity (Lourdes Flores): 12 seats
- Independent Moralizing Front (Fernando Olivera): 7 seats
- Somos Perú(Alberto Andrade): 6 seats
- Other parties: 27 seats
Peruvian Congress of 2006-2011
A new Peruvian Congress of the Republic was established in July 2006 with the following distribution:
- Union for Peru (Ollanta Humala): 45 seats.
- Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan García): 36 seats.
- National Unity (Lourdes Flores): 17 seats.
- Alliance for the Future (Martha Chávez): 13 seats.
- Center Front (Valentín Paniagua): 5 seats.
- Possible Peru (Alejandro Toledo): 2 seats.
- National Restoration (Humberto Lay): 2 seats.
Peruvian Congress of 2011-2016
- Peru Wins (Ollanta Humala): 47 seats.
- Force 2011 (Keiko Fujimori): 37 seats.
- Possible Peru (Alejandro Toledo): 21 seats.
- Alliance for the Great Change (Pedro Pablo Kuczynski): 12 seats.
- Alliance National Solidarity (Luis Castañeda): 9 seats.
- Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan Garcia Perez): 4 seats.
Peruvian Congress of 2016-2021
- Popular Force (Keiko Fujimori): 73 seats.
- Broad Front (Verónika Mendoza): 20 seats.
- Peruvians for Change (Pedro Pablo Kuczynski): 18 seats.
- Alliance for Progress (César Acuña): 9 seats.
- Popular Action (Alfredo Barnechea): 5 seats.
- Peruvian Aprista Party (Alan García Pérez): 5 seats.
Facade of the Palacio Legislativo.
Details of the front of the Congress.
Committees
| Committee | Chairperson | Vice Chairperson |
|---|---|---|
| Agrarian | Wuilian Monterola (RU) | Claudia Coari (DD) |
| Science, Innovation and Technology | Francisco Ccama (PF) | Celia Anicama (DD) |
| Foreign Commerce and Tourism | Gabriela Pérez del Solar (CP) | Ángel Neyra (PF) |
| Constitution and Rule | Fredy Otárola (PNP) | Rosa Mávila (AP-FA) |
| Culture and Cultural Heritage | Ramón Kobashigawa (PF) | Jaime Valencia (PNP) |
| Consumer Protection and Regulatory Agencies of Public Services | Claudia Coari (DD) | Freddy Sarmiento (PF) |
| National Defence, Internal Order, Alternative Development and Drug Control | Emiliano Apaza (PNP) | Mariano Portugal (RU) |
| Decentralization, Regionalization, Local Government and Modernization of the Management of the State | Verónika Mendoza (AP-FA) | Antonio Medina (politician) (PF) |
| Economics, Banking, Finance and Financial Intelligence | Modesto Julca (PP) | José Antonio Urquizo (PNP) |
| Education, Youth and Sports | Víctor Crisólogo (PP) | Jesús Hurtado (PF) |
| Energy and Mines | Ruben Coa (PNP) | Lourdes Alcorta (CP) |
| Supervision and Comptrollership | Gustavo Rondón (SN) | Yehude Simon (PP) |
| Social Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities | Eduardo Nayap (PNP) | Gian Carlo Vacchelli (PF) |
| Intelligence | Víctor Isla (PNP) | Luz Salgado (PF) |
| Justice and Human Rights | Juan Carlos Eguren (PPC-APP) | Vicente Zeballos (SN) |
| Women and Family | Luisa María Cuculiza (PF) | Ana Jara (PNP) |
| Budget and General Account of the Republic | Teófilo Gamarra (PNP) | Rolando Reátegui (PF) |
| Production, Small Business Administration and Cooperatives | Karina Beteta (PF) | Tomás Zamudio (PNP) |
| Andean, Amazonian and Afro-Peruvianmen, Environment and Ecology | Leyla Chihuán (PF) | Johnny Cárdenas (PNP) |
| Foreign Relations | Elías Rodríguez (CP) | María Soledad Pérez Tello (PPC-APP) |
| Health and Population | Aldo Bardález (PF) | Johnny Cárdenas (PNP) |
| Labor and Social Security | Rolando Reátegui (PF) | Yohny Lescano (AP-FA) |
| Transportation and Communications | Eulogio Romero (DD) | Casio Huaire (PP) |
| Housing and Construction | Manuel Merino (AP-FA) | Carlos Bruce (CP) |
List of Presidents of the Congress of the Republic
List of Presidents of the Senate (1980-1992)
| Beginning of Term | End of Term | Name of President | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 26, 1980 | July 26, 1981 | Julio Óscar Trelles Montes | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1981 | July 26, 1982 | Javier Alva Orlandini | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1982 | July 26, 1983 | Sandro Mariátegui Chiappe | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1983 | July 26, 1984 | Ricardo Monteagudo Monteagudo | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1984 | July 26, 1985 | Manuel Ulloa Elías | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1985 | July 26, 1986 | Luis Alberto Sánchez Sánchez | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1986 | July 26, 1987 | Armando Villanueva del Campo | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1987 | February 25, 1988 | Ramiro Prialé Prialé¹ | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| February 25, 1988 | July 26, 1988 | Jorge Sixto Lozada Stambury² | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1988 | July 26, 1989 | Romualdo Biaggi Rodríguez | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1989 | July 26, 1990 | Humberto Carranza Piedra | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1990 | July 26, 1991 | Máximo San Román Cáceres | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 26, 1991 | April 5, 1992 | Felipe Osterling Parodi³ | Christian People's Party |
- ¹ Ramiro Prialé died on February 25 of 1988.
- ² Jorge Lozada assumed the Presidency of the Senate after the death of Ramiro Prialé, because he was the Vice-President of the Chamber.
- ³ Felipe Osterling's presidency was interrupted when President Fujimori dissolved Congress in 1992.
List of Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (1980-1992)
| Beginning of Term | End of Term | Name of President | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 26, 1980 | July 26, 1981 | Francisco Belaúnde Terry | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1981 | July 26, 1982 | Luis Pércovich Roca | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1982 | July 26, 1983 | Valentín Demetrio Paniagua Corazao | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1983 | July 26, 1984 | Dagoberto Láinez Vodanovic | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1984 | July 26, 1985 | Elías Mendoza Habersperger | Popular Action |
| July 26, 1985 | July 26, 1986 | Luis Alberto Negreiros Criado | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1986 | July 26, 1987 | Fernando León de Vivero | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1987 | July 26, 1988 | Luis Alva Castro | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1988 | July 26, 1989 | Héctor Vargas Haya | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1989 | January 26, 1990 | Fernando León de Vivero¹ | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| January 26, 1990 | July 26, 1990 | Luis Alvarado Contreras² | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 1990 | July 26, 1991 | Víctor Felipe Paredes Guerra | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 26, 1991 | April 5, 1992 | Roberto Ramírez del Villar Beaumont³ | Christian People's Party |
- ¹ Fernando León de Vivero died on January 26 of 1990.
- ² Luis Alvarado assumed the Presidency of the Chamber after the death of Fernando León De Vivero, because he was the 1st Vice-President of the Chamber.
- ³ Roberto Ramírez del Villar presidency was interrupted when President Fujimori dissolved Congress in 1992.
Presidents of the Congress of the Republic (1995-Present)
| Beginning of Term | End of Term | Name of President | Political Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| July 27, 1995 | July 26, 1996 | Martha Chávez | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 27, 1996 | July 26, 1997 | Víctor Joy Way | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 27, 1997 | July 26, 1998 | Carlos Torres y Torres Lara | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 27, 1998 | July 26, 1999 | Víctor Joy Way | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 27, 1999 | July 26, 2000 | Martha Hildebrandt | Change 90-New Majority |
| July 27, 2000 | November 13, 2000 | Martha Hildebrandt | Peru 2000 |
| November 13, 2000 | November 16, 2000 | Luz Salgado¹ (Acting) | Peru 2000 |
| November 16, 2000 | November 22, 2000 | Valentín Paniagua Corazao² | Popular Action |
| December 15, 2000 | July 26, 2001 | Carlos Ferrero Costa³ | Possible Peru |
| July 27, 2001 | July 26, 2002 | Carlos Ferrero Costa | Possible Peru |
| July 27, 2002 | July 26, 2003 | Carlos Ferrero Costa | Possible Peru |
| July 27, 2003 | July 26, 2004 | Henry Pease | Possible Peru |
| July 27, 2004 | July 26, 2005 | Antero Flores Aráoz | National Unity (Christian People's Party) |
| July 27, 2005 | July 26, 2006 | Marcial Ayaipoma | Possible Peru |
| July 27, 2006 | July 26, 2007 | Mercedes Cabanillas | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 27, 2007 | July 26, 2008 | Luis Gonzales Posada | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 27, 2008 | July 11, 2009 | Javier Velásquez | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 11, 2009 | July 26, 2009 | Alejandro Aguinaga | Alliance for the Future |
| July 27, 2009 | July 26, 2010 | Luis Alva Castro | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 27, 2010 | July 26, 2011 | Cesar Zumaeta | Peruvian Aprista Party |
| July 26, 2011 | July 26, 2012 | Daniel Abugattás | Peruvian Nationalist Party |
| July 26, 2012 | July 26, 2013 | Víctor Isla | Peruvian Nationalist Party |
| July 26, 2013 | July 26, 2014 | Fredy Otárola | Peruvian Nationalist Party |
| July 22, 2014 | July 26, 2014 | Luis Iberico | Alliance for Progress |
| July 26, 2014 | July 26, 2015 | Ana María Solórzano | Peruvian Nationalist Party |
| July 26, 2015 | July 26, 2016 | Luis Iberico | Alliance for Progress |
| July 26, 2016 | Luz Salgado | Popular Force |
- ¹ Luz Salgado temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after a motion to censure President Hildebrandt.
- ² Valentìn Paniagua, was elected President of Congress and as such simultaneously served as President of the Transitional Government.
- ³ Carlos Ferrero Costa, was assigned to President of Congress by an agreement between different political parties.
- 4 Alejandro Aguinaga temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after Javier Velásquez's nomination as President of the Council of Ministers.
- 5 Luis Iberico temporarily assumed the position of President of Congress after Freddy Otárola's nomination as Minister of Labor.
See also
External links
| Articles Related to the Congress of the Republic of Peru | |||||||||
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