Denis Paradis

The Honourable Denis Paradis PC MP
Member of the Canadian Parliament for Brome—Missisquoi
Incumbent
Assumed office October 19, 2015
Preceded by	Pierre Jacob
In office February 13, 1995 – January 23, 2006
Preceded by	Gaston Péloquin
Succeeded by	Christian Ouellet
Chairman of the Standing Committee on Official Languages
Incumbent
Assumed office February 17, 2016
Preceded by	Michael Chong
Minister of State for Financial Institutions
In office December 12, 2003 – June 19, 2004
Secretary of State for Latin America and Africa
In office January 15, 2002 – December 11, 2003
Preceded by	David Kilgour
Succeeded by	position discontinued
Secretary of State for the Francophonie
In office January 15, 2002 – December 11, 2003
Preceded by	Ron Duhamel
Succeeded by	Denis Coderre[1]
Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office September 1, 1999 – September 12, 2001[2]
Preceded by	Julian Reed
Succeeded by	Aileen Carroll
Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for International Cooperation
In office January 26, 1999 – August 31, 1999
Preceded by	Claudette Bradshaw
Succeeded by	Eugène Bellemare
Personal details
Born	April 1, 1949 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec
Nationality	Canadian
Political party	Liberal
Profession	lawyer

Denis Paradis, PC (born April 1, 1949) is a politician and lawyer from the Canadian province of Quebec, and currently the Member of Parliament for Brome—Missisquoi in the Canadian House of Commons. He previously represented the district from 1995 to 2006 and was a minister in the governments of Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin. Paradis is a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.

His brother, Pierre Paradis, is a veteran Liberal Party member of the Quebec National Assembly and a provincial cabinet minister. The Paradis brothers are political allies.^[3]

Early life and private career

Paradis was born in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec. He has a Bachelor of Commerce degree (1970) and a Bachelor of Civil Law degree (1975) from the University of Ottawa and was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1976.^[4] In 1985, he co-authored the book, Régles de procédure devant les tribunaux administratifs.^[5]

After working as a partner in the firm Paradis-Poulin, he became the president of the Quebec Bar Association in 1993.^[6] In June of the same year, he criticized the overcrowded state of some provincial courthouses.^[7]

He practices at Dunton Rainville and owns a winery in Saint-Armand, Quebec.^[8]

Member of Parliament (1995–2002)

Paradis was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in a 1995 by-election, called after Gaston Péloquin, the sitting Bloc Québécois member for Brome—Missisquoi, was killed in an automobile accident.^[9] Paradis championed the Canadian federalist cause in the campaign and said that his election would confirm Brome-Missisquoi's place within a united Canada.^[10] The election was initially considered too close to call, but Paradis won by a significant margin. His victory was seen as helping the federalist cause in the buildup to the 1995 Quebec referendum on sovereignty.^[11]

Paradis entered parliament as a backbench supporter of Jean Chrétien's government. In late 1995, he helped launch a Summer Work/Student Exchange project that encouraged students to develop their second-language skills.^[12] He was elected chair of the Liberal Party's Quebec caucus in February 1997.

Paradis was returned to a second parliamentary mandate in the 1997 federal election, and in late 1997 he co-chaired a special committee that recommended Quebec's schools be divided on linguistic rather than denominational lines.^[13] He was named as parliamentary secretary to the minister for International Cooperation in January 1999, and in September of the same year he was promoted to parliamentary secretary to the minister of Foreign Affairs.^[14] He was again returned to parliament in the 2000 federal election.

Minister (2002–2004)

Chrétien government

Paradis was appointed as secretary of state for the Francophonie and secretary of state for Latin America and Africa in Chrétien's government on January 15, 2002. These were ministerial positions but not full cabinet portfolios.^[15]

Africa

Shortly after his appointment, Paradis met with Nigerian Information Minister Jerry Gana in an effort to prevent the execution of Safiya Hussaini.^[16] He later supported the Commonwealth's decision to suspend Zimbabwe for one year in the aftermath of that country's disputed 2002 presidential election.^[17]

Paradis accompanied Chrétien on a 2002 delegation to Africa that included stops in Morocco, Algeria, Nigeria, Senegal, Ethiopia and South Africa.^[18] He supported the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), and in October 2002 he pledged more than two million dollars to promote security and good governance in francophone Africa.^[19]

In March 2003, Paradis announced that Canada would provide one hundred million dollars to Ethiopia, Senegal, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, and Tanzania under the Canada Fund for Africa. The stated intent of this funding was to recognize improved commitments to human rights and democracy.^[20] Later in the same year, Paradis represented Canada at Olusegun Obasanjo's inauguration for a second term as President of Nigeria.^[21]

Paradis nominated former United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to be named to the Order of Canada in 2002. Boutros-Ghali received the honour in 2004.^[22]

Latin America

Paradis led a Canadian trade delegation to Cuba in November 2002. This visit marked an improvement in relations between the countries, which had been strained for three years due to Canadian concerns about Cuba's human rights practices.^[23]

In January 2003, Paradis hosted a diplomatic event called the Ottawa Initiative on Haiti. At this meeting, representatives from Canada, France, the United States of America, and the Organization of American States discussed Haiti's political future. No representatives of the Haitian government were present. A few months later, journalist Michel Vastel leaked information about the meeting that he said was given to him by Paradis. Writing in L'Actualite, Vastel claimed that the delegates decided that Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide should be replaced by a United Nations trusteeship within a year. Paradis has denied Vastel's claim.^[24]

The Francophonie

In December 2002, Paradis called for the creation of a watchdog organization to target human rights violations in Francophonie nations.^[25]

Martin government

Paradis was not, during Jean Chrétien's tenure as prime minister, among the group of Liberal parliamentarians (MPs) who supported Paul Martin's leadership ambitions. He nevertheless supported Martin at the 2003 Liberal Party leadership convention, which was held to elect Chrétien's successor.^[26] Martin won a landslide victory and became prime minister on December 12, 2003. When he formed his first ministry, he appointed Paradis as minister of state for Financial Institutions.^[27]

Paradis led several roundtable discussions with business, academic, and social groups in months that followed, during the buildup to the Martin government's 2004 budget.^[28] Shortly before budget day, he said that the government would return to a practice of setting aside four billion dollars per year to cover emergency spending or the possibility of an economic downturn.^[29]

Return to the backbenches and time out of office (2004–2015)

Paradis was narrowly re-elected in the 2004 federal election over Bloc challenger Christian Ouellet. He was not re-appointed to the ministry and returned to the government backbenches.^[30] He lost his seat to Ouellet in the 2006 election, amid losses for the Liberal Party across Quebec.

Paradis supported Stéphane Dion in the Liberal Party's 2006 leadership election.^[31] Dion won an upset victory in this contest, defeating Michael Ignatieff on the fourth ballot. Paradis attempted to reclaim his seat in the 2008 federal election but was narrowly defeated by Ouellet in a rematch from 2006.

Paradis ran for re-election in the 2011 federal election but lost to Pierre Jacob of the New Democratic Party amid a strong provincial swing to the NDP.^[32]

Return to Parliament (2015–present)

Paradis again ran as the Liberal Party's candidate in Brome—Missisquoi during the 2015 federal election, and this time was victorious, beating New Democrat Catherine Lusson. He ran for the office of Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons, losing to fellow Liberal MP Geoff Regan. Subsequently, he was elected to chair the Standing Committee on Official Languages.

Electoral record

Canadian federal election, 2015
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	25,744	43.88	+21.82	–
	New Democratic	Catherine Lusson	14,383	24.51	-18.13	–
	Bloc Québécois	Patrick Melchior	10,252	17.47	-3.79	–
	Conservative	Charles Poulin	6,724	11.46	-0.45	–
	Green	Cindy Moynan	1,377	2.35	+0.22	–
	Strength in Democracy	Patrick Paine	195	0.33	–	–
Total valid votes/Expense limit			58,675	100.0		$222,301.16
Total rejected ballots			716	–	–
Turnout			59,391	–	–
Eligible voters			85,201
Source: Elections Canada[33][34][35]

Canadian federal election, 2011
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	New Democratic	Pierre Jacob	22,407	42.64	+33.59
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	11,589	22.06	-10.73
	Bloc Québécois	Christelle Bogosta	11,173	21.26	-13.95
	Conservative	Nolan LeBlanc-Bauerle	6,256	11.91	-6.75
	Green	Benoit Lambert	1,120	2.13	-1.45
Total valid votes/Expense limit			52,545	100.00
Total rejected ballots			588	1.05	–
Turnout			53,133	66.30	–
Eligible voters			80,137	–	–

Canadian federal election, 2008: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Christian Ouellet	17,561	35.21	−3.12	$75,915
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	16,357	32.79	+4.82	$66,462
	Conservative	Mark Quinlan	9,309	18.66	−1.69	$78,614
	New Democratic	Christelle Bogosta	4,514	9.05	+3.20	$4,678
	Green	Pierre Brassard	1,784	3.58	+0.03	$126
	Independent	David Marler	354	0.71		$16,915
Total valid votes			49,879	100.00
Total rejected ballots			531
Turnout			50,410	65.78	−0.46
Electors on the lists			76,636

Canadian federal election, 2006: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Bloc Québécois	Christian Ouellet	18,596	38.33	−1.33	$66,782
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	13,569	27.97	−14.11	$58,420
	Conservative	David Marler	9,874	20.35	+9.30	$69,104
	New Democratic	Josianne Jetté	2,839	5.85	+3.19	$2,722
	Progressive Canadian	Heward Grafftey	1,921	3.96		$60,081
	Green	Michel Champagne	1,721	3.55	−1.00	$2,460
Total valid votes			48,520	100.00
Total rejected ballots			554
Turnout			49,074	66.24	+3.61
Electors on the lists			74,088
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Canadian federal election, 2004: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	18,609	42.08	−7.50	$56,708
	Bloc Québécois	Christian Ouellet	17,537	39.66	+7.93	$29,014
	Conservative	Peter Stastny	4,888	11.05	−6.50	$14,318
	Green	Louise Martineau	2,011	4.55		none listed
	New Democratic	Piper Huggins	1,177	2.66		$5
Total valid votes			44,222	100.00
Total rejected ballots			790
Turnout			45,012	62.63
Electors on the lists			71,866
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Canadian federal election, 2000: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	21,545	50.26	+7.89	$60,175
	Bloc Québécois	André Leroux	13,363	31.17	+3.34	$57,054
	Progressive Conservative	Heward Grafftey	5,502	12.84	−15.25	$58,417
	Alliance	Jacques Loyer	1,977	4.61		$387
	New Democratic	Jeff Itcush	480	1.12	−0.60	none listed
Total valid votes			42,867	100.00
Total rejected ballots			986
Turnout			43,853	65.72	−10.33
Electors on the lists			66,730
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Canadian federal election, 1997: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	19,261	42.37	–	$54,531
	Progressive Conservative	Claude Boulard	12,770	28.09		$29,694
	Bloc Québécois	Noël Lacasse	12,652	27.83		$35,640
	New Democratic	Nicole Guillemet	781	1.72		$572
Total valid votes			45,464	100.00
Total rejected ballots			1,346
Turnout			46,810	76.05
Electors on the lists			61,553
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Canadian federal by-election, February 13, 1995: Brome—Missisquoi
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	∆%	Expenditures
	Liberal	Denis Paradis	19,078	51.02	+14.36	$54,562
	Bloc Québécois	Jean-François Bertrand	15,764	42.16	+1.40	$53,734
	Progressive Conservative	Guy Lever	1,235	3.30	−13.85	$36,225a
	Reform	Line Maheux	517	1.38		$21,755
	New Democratic Party	Paul Vachon	371	0.99	−0.27	$9,325
	Christian Heritage	Jean Blaquière	126	0.34		$2,321
	Non-Affiliated	Yvon V. Boulanger	107	0.29		$3,816
	Green	Éric Ferland	101	0.27		$412
	Natural Law	Michel Champagne	77	0.21	−1.08	$6,538
	Abolitionist	John H. Long	15	0.04	−1.61	$1,219
Total valid votes			37,391	100.00
Total rejected ballots			288
Turnout			37,679	64.32	−12.32
Electors on the lists			58,579
a- Does not include unpaid claims.

References

1. Coderre was styled as Minister responsible for the Francophonie.
2. Technically, this position was vacant during the 2000 Canadian federal election. For reasons of convenience, Paradis's time in office is here listed as one continuous term.
3. This point is not as self-evident as it may seem. Some prominent Quebec siblings, most notably Daniel Johnson, Jr. and Pierre-Marc Johnson, have been political rivals.
4. Canada Votes 2004: Brome-Missisquoi, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, accessed 2 December 2010.
5. Canada Votes 2008: Brome-Missisquoi, Candidate Profiles, accessed 2 December 2010.
6. Anne McIlroy, "A kind of early referendum," Hamilton Spectator, 11 February 1995, A12.
7. "Courthouses raise concerns," Globe and Mail, 22 June 1993, A9.
8. Barb Bellingham, "It's a proper stomp; First grape harvest," Sherbrooke Record, 26 September 2007, p. 8.
9. Paradis is from Brome—Missisquoi; he defeated Daniel Mignault and Heather Keith-Ryan for the Liberal Party nomination. See "Byelections Quebec is key issue in vote: Byelections to target sovereignty Conway Daly," Winnipeg Free Press, 29 December 1994. Mignault was a former industrial commissioner for Sherbrooke and Bromont and a director of industrial development of Gaz Metropolitain. See "Gaz Metropolitain Appointment," Globe and Mail, 18 October 1984, B11; Hubert Bauch, "Townships fever," Montreal Gazette, 10 April 1988, M26; Aaron Derfel, "Robillard promises hard fight," Montreal Gazette, 29 December 1994, A1.
10. Tu Thanh Ha, "Paradis wins nod in Quebec riding," Globe and Mail, 9 January 1995, A4. It was noted that several members of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada joined the Brome—Missisquoi Liberal riding association in this by-election, due to the weakened status of their own party. See Fred Langan, "A two-way fight in the riding would in many ways mirror the referendum," Financial Post, 14 January 1995, p. 17.
11. Derek Ferguson, "Chrétien's low profile irks Manning," Toronto Star, 10 February 1995, A11.
12. "Minister Don Boudria Launches the 3rd Edition of the Summer Work/Summer Exchange Project" [press release], Canada NewsWire, 19 June 1998, 11:28.
13. Graham Fraser, "Committee endorses linguistic school boards in Quebec," Globe and Mail, 8 November 1997, B12.
14. Member of Parliament Profile: Denis Paradis, Parliament of Canada, accessed 30 November 2010.
15. Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Secretaries of State, Parliament of Canada, accessed 13 January 2011.
16. Isabelle Ducas, "Nigerian minister says Safiya Husaini will not be stoned to death," Canadian Press, 22 February 2002, 20:13.
17. David Ljunggren, "Canada applauds as Commonwealth suspends Zimbabwe," Reuters News, 19 March 2002, 17:56. Some opposition parliamentarians, including Keith Martin, called for stronger sanctions. Chrétien later defended the Commonwealth's decision in his autobiography, writing that a harsher response would have been counter-productive.
18. Daniel Leblanc, "MPs chosen for diversity," Globe and Mail, 11 April 2002, A7; Gwynne Dyer, "The Enigma of Thabo Mbeki," Guelph Mercury, 11 April 2002, A9.
19. Denis Paradis, "Canada meeting the Africa challenge: the new partnership," Canadian Speeches, 1 July 2002, p. 17; "Chrétien says he's ready to talk human rights at Beirut francophone meeting," Canadian Press, 18 October 2002, 02:10.
20. Elizabeth Thompson, "Aid earmarked for six African countries," Calgary Herald, 3 March 2003, A4.
21. Glenn McKenzie, "Obasanjo starts new term with pledge to act against poverty and corruption," Canadian Press, 29 May 2003, 17:17.
22. Drew Fagan, "Honour for Boutros-Ghali sparks debate," Globe and Mail, 6 May 2004, A6.
23. Jeff Sallot, "Canada's trade mission to Cuba signals thaw," Globe and Mail, 2 November 2002, A6; "Canada re-establishes normal ties with Cuba," Toronto Star, 2 November 2002, A06.
24. Engler, Yves; Fenton, Anthony (August 2005). Canada in Haiti: Waging War on the Poor Majority. Co-published: RED Publishing, Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 1-55266-168-7. , page 43. Neither Vastel or L'Actualite retracted the story. Journalist Anthony Fenton later accused Paradis and other Canadian officials of being implicated in the 2004 Haitian coup d'état that overthrew Aristide. See Anthony Fenton, "Canadian crimes in Haiti: beyond complicity," Canadian Dimension, 1 September 2004, p. 6.
25. David Ljunggren, "Canada wants Francophonie human rights watchdog," Reuters News, 10 December 2002, 13:23.
26. "Secretary of State Denis Paradis gives his support to Paul Martin in the Liberal Party leadership race," Canada NewsWire, 4 May 2003.
27. "List of the new Canadian cabinet," Reuters News, 12 December 2003, 10:37.
28. See for instance "Federal Finance Minister Ralph Goodale takes his pre-budget roundtable discussions to P-E-I and New Brunswick today," Broadcast News, 23 January 2004, 04:38; "Canada NewsWire Daybook for Thursday, January 29, 2004," Canada Newswire, 29 January 2004, 07:01; "CP News Agenda for Friday, Feb. 13," Canadian Press, 13 February 2004, 03:10.
29. Heather Scoffield, "‘Prudence' in budget will curb spending," Globe and Mail, 8 March 2004, B1.
30. Susan Delacourt and Les Whittington, "New-look cabinet," Toronto Star, 20 July 2004, A01.
31. Philip Authier, "Former Quebec minister snubs Dion," National Post, 28 September 2006, A6. The article title refers to Liza Frulla, not Paradis.
32. "Brome-Missisquoi – Le Parti libéral va élire son exécutif", farnham.enregion.ca, 12 November 2010, accessed 8 December 2010.
33. Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Brome—Missisquoi, 30 September 2015
34. Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates