East Shewa Zone

A map of the regions and zones of Ethiopia.

Misraq Shewa (or "East Shewa") is one of the Zones of the Ethiopian Region of Oromia. This zone takes its name from the kingdom or former province of Shewa. East Shewa is located in the middle of Oromia, connecting the western regions to the eastern ones. This zone is bordered on the south by the West Arsi Zone, on the southwest by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by South west Shewa and Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, on the northwest by North Shewa and Addis Abeba, on the north by the Amhara Region, on the northeast by the Afar Region, and on the southeast by Arsi; its westernmost reach is defined by the course of the Bilate River. Towns and cities in East Shewa include Bishoftu (Debre Zeit), Metehara, and Ziway. The town of Adama was separated from East Shewa and is a special zone now.

With the intent to rehabilitate degraded forests, the Zonal Agriculture and Rural Development Office announced 2 October 2006 that it had planted over 36.3 million seedlings in 10 of the Zone's 12 woredas, covering 4,000 hectares of land.^[1]

Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this Zone has a total population of 1,356,342, of whom 696,350 are men and 659,992 women; with an area of 8,370.90 square kilometers, East Shewa has a population density of 162.03. While 340,225 or 25.08% are urban inhabitants, a further 664 or 0.05% are pastoralists. A total of 309,726 households were counted in this Zone, which results in an average of 4.38 persons to a household, and 296,342 housing units. The three largest ethnic groups reported were the Oromo (74.06%). The oromo language speaking people in shewa have been mixing with many ethnic groups especially with Amaras since the time of their settlement is Shewa. During oromo settlement in shewa in 16th century, most of the Amaras hide themselves in the shewa highlands. During the settlement, many Amaras such as children, women and captured Amara men in the lowlands of shewa assimilated to oromo language and became oromo. After the settlement, Amaras from shewa highlands moved to the lowlands of shewa and started living with oromo people by intermarrying themselves with the oromos. As a result, the oromo speaking people in shewa region have been mixing with the Amaras. One of the culture of the oromos, adoption, also contributed the Amara linage of the oromos in shewa. This fact is still intact in the oromo culture and the shewa oromos names also linked to their Amara blood. The majority of the Amaras in north Shewa mainly live in the old Amara districts of Menz, Merhabete, Tegulet, Bulga, Minjar, Yifat and Ensaro. In addition, the Amaras are the majority in Addis Ababa and other cities in Shewa. The Amhara in East Shewa constitute (15.39%) and Gurage (3.82%); all other ethnic groups made up 6.73% of the population. Oromiffa was spoken as a first language by 69.15%, Amharic was spoken by 24.29% and Guragigna by 2.64% of the population; the remaining 3.92% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 69.33% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 16.18% of the population were Muslim, 8.4% of the population professed Protestantism and 5.08% practiced traditional beliefs. ^[2]

The 1994 national census reported a total population for this Zone of 1,668,184 in 343,656 households, of whom 837,614 were men and 830,670 women; 444,376 or 26.64% of its population were urban dwellers at the time. The five largest ethnic groups reported in East Shewa were the Oromo (69.59%), the Amhara (16.77%), the Soddo Gurage (2.21%), the Kambaata (2%), and the Welayta (1.78%); all other ethnic groups made up 7.65% of the population. Afan Oromo was spoken as a first language by 64.97%, 26.58% Amharic, 1.43% Soddo, and 1.28% spoke Hadiya; the remaining 5.74% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 58.76% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 35.01% of the population said they were Muslim, 3.47% were Protestant, and 1.57% held traditional beliefs.^[3]

According to a May 24, 2004 World Bank memorandum, 9% of the inhabitants of East Shewa have access to electricity, this zone has a road density of 54.7 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers (compared to the national average of 30 kilometers),^[4] the average rural household has 1.2 hectare of land (compared to the national average of 1.01 hectare of land and an average of 1.14 for the Oromia Region)^[5] and the equivalent of 1.0 heads of livestock. 14.5% of the population is in non-farm related jobs, compared to the national average of 25% and a Regional average of 24%. Concerning education, 61% of all eligible children are enrolled in primary school, and 19% in secondary schools.^[6] In a recent development, the Oromia Regional government announced 30 November 2007 that 110 new primary schools were put into operation in 10 woredas to improve the educational situation.^[7] Concerning health, 21% of the zone is exposed to malaria, and 49% to Tsetse fly. The memorandum gave this zone a drought risk rating of 372.^[6]

Notes

1. "Zone transplants over 36mln seedlings" (Walta)
2. Census 2007 Tables: Oromia Region, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4.
3. 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, part 1, Tables 2.1, 2.7, 2.12, 2.15, 2.17 (accessed 6 April 2009)
4. "Ethiopia - Second Road Sector Development Program Project", p.3 (World Bank Project Appraisal Document, published 19 May 2003)
5. Comparative national and regional figures comes from the World Bank publication, Klaus Deininger et al. "Tenure Security and Land Related Investment", WP-2991 (accessed 23 March 2006).
6. World Bank, Four Ethiopias: A Regional Characterization (accessed 23 March 2006).
7. "Some 110 new primary schools go operational in East Shoa Zone" (Walta)

Coordinates: 8°00′N 38°40′E / 8.000°N 38.667°E