European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal

European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
Awarded by Department of the Army Department of the Navy
Type	Campaign Medal
Eligibility	served in the armed forces between the following dates: between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946, for military service, in geographical theater areas of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.
Status	Inactive
Statistics
First awarded	December 7, 1941
Last awarded	March 2, 1946
Precedence
Equivalent	Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal American Campaign Medal
Next (lower)	World War II Victory Medal
ribbon and streamer

The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by Executive Order 9265 ^[1][2] issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt^[3] The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the European Theater (to include North Africa and the Middle East) during the years of the Second World War.^[4]

History

The EAME Campaign Medal was initially established by Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a service ribbon throughout the entire Second World War due to the ribbon design being approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942.^[2]

The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. The first recipient of the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower on 24 July 1947 ^[2] in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II.

The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600-65, dated 22 September 1948.^[2] The Pacific Theater counterpart to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal.

Criteria

Originally known as the “EAME Ribbon”, the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is awarded for any service performed between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946,dates inclusive,^[2][4] provided such service was performed in the following geographical theater areas: West boundary. -- From the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence sough along that meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. East boundary—From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the eastern border of Iran, thence south along that border to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence south along the 60th meridian east longitude to the South Pole.^[4]

Appearance

The medal's obverse was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones based on General Eisenhower’s request that the medal include an invasion scene. The reverse side was designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic–Pacific and American Campaign Medals.^[2]

The Bronze medal is 1 3/8 inches in width. On the obverse is a LST landing craft and troops landing under fire with an airplane in the background below the words EUROPEAN AFRICAN MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN. On the reverse, an American bald eagle close between the dates 1941 - 1945 and the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.^[2][3]

The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes. the 3/16 inch Brown 67136 which represents the sands of Africa. The 1/16 inch Irish Green 67189, 1/16 inch White 67101 and 1/16 inch Scarlet 67111 represent Italian colors. The 1/4 inch Irish Green represents the green fields of Europe. The center, 1/8 inch triparted Old Glory Blue 67178, White and Scarlet, are taken from the American Defense Service Medal ribbon and refers to the continuance of American Defense after Pearl Harbor. Next is a 1/4 inch Irish Green, again the green fields of Europe. The 1/16 inch White; 1/16 inch Black 67138, 1/16 inch White represent Germany. Lastly 3/16 inch Brown, again representing the sands of Africa.^[2][3]

Devices

For those service members who participated in one or more military campaigns, Service stars are authorized to be worn on the medal. The Arrowhead device is also authorized to be worn on the medal for those who participated in airborne or amphibious assault landings; the Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps.^[2][3]

Campaigns

The following military campaigns are recognized by service stars to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.^[2][3][5]

Military Campaigns

Name of campaign Start Date End Date Egypt-Libya 11 June 1942 12 February 1943 Air Offensive, Europe 4 July 1942 5 June 1944 Algeria-French Morocco 8 November 1942 11 November 1942 Tunisia 12 November 1942 13 May 1943 Sicily 14 May 1943 17 August 1943 Naples-Foggia 18 August 1943 21 January 1944 Anzio 22 January 1944 24 May 1944 Rome-Arno 22 January 1944 9 September 1944 Normandy 6 June 1944 24 July 1944 Northern France 25 July 1944 14,September 1944 Southern France 15 August 1944 14 September 1944 Northern Apennines 10 September 1944 4 April 1945 Rhineland 15 September 1944 21 March 1945 Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 25 January 1945 Central Europe 22 March 1945 11 May 1945 Po Valley 5 April 1945 8 May 1945

For those service members who did not participate in a designated battle campaign, the following "blanket campaigns" are authorized to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, denoted by service stars.^[2]

Blanket Campaigns
Name of campaign Start Date End Date Antisubmarine 7 December 1941 2 September 1945 Ground Combat 7 December 1941 2 September 1945 Air Combat 7 December 1941 2 September 1945

See also

• Arrowhead device
• Awards and decorations of the United States military

References

1. • Federal Register for Executive Order 9265
2. "European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal". The Institute of Heraldry: Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the ARMY. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
3. "European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet". Air force Personnel Center. Aug 23, 2010. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
4. "Naval Historical Center". Naval Historical Center. June 23, 1998. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
5. Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790 (REV.1953), Part III. - List of Authorized Operations and Engagements, European–African–Middle EASTERN AREA