Evolutionary dynamics

Evolutionary biology
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Evolutionary dynamics is the study of the mathematical principles according to which biological organisms as well as cultural ideas evolve, evolved, and continue to evolve.^[1] This is mostly achieved through the mathematical discipline of population genetics, along with evolutionary game theory. Most population genetics considers changes in the frequencies of alleles at a small number of gene loci. When infinitesimal effects at a large number of gene loci are considered, one derives quantitative genetics. Traditional population genetic models deal with alleles and genotypes, and are frequently stochastic. In evolutionary game theory, developed first by John Maynard Smith, evolutionary biology concepts may take a deterministic mathematical form, with selection acting directly on inherited phenotypes. These same models can be applied to studying the evolution of human preferences and ideologies. Many variants on these models have been developed, which incorporate weak selection, mutual population structure, stochasticity, etc. These models have relevance also to the generation and maintenance of tissues in mammals, since an understanding of tissue cell kinetics, architecture, and development from adult stem cells has important implications for aging and cancer.^[2]

References

↑ Evolutionary dynamics: exploring the equations of life By Martin A. Nowak
↑ Tannenbaum, Emmanuel; Sherley, James L; Shakhnovich, Eugene I (2005). "Evolutionary dynamics of adult stem cells: comparison of random and immortal-strand segregation mechanisms". Physical Review E. 71: 041914. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.041914.

External links

Evolutionary Game Dynamics from Clay Mathematics Institute

Evolutionary biology

Evolutionary history of life Index of evolutionary biology articles Outline of evolution Timeline of evolution

Evolution	Abiogenesis Adaptation Common descent Evidence of common descent Extinction Last universal common ancestor Macroevolution Microevolution Panspermia Speciation

Population genetics	Gene flow Genetic drift Mutation Natural selection

Development	Canalisation Evolutionary developmental biology Inversion Modularity Phenotypic plasticity

Evolution of taxa	Birds origin Brachiopods Cephalopods Dinosaurs Fish Fungi Insects butterflies Life Mammals cats dogs dolphins and whales horses humans lemur sea cows Molluscs Plants Reptiles Spiders Tetrapods Viruses influenza

Evolution of organs	Cell DNA Flagella In eukaryotes eucaryote cell chromatin endomembrane system mitochondria nucleus plastids In animals eye hair auditory ossicle nervous system brain

Evolution of processes	Aging Death Programmed cell death Avian flight Biological complexity Cooperation Color vision in primates Emotion Empathy Ethics Eusociality Immune system Metabolism Monogamy Morality Mosaic evolution Multicellularity Sexual reproduction Gamete differentiation/sexes Life cycles/nuclear phases Mating types Sex-determination

Tempo and modes	Tempo phyletic gradualism/punctuated equilibrium Modes gradualism/saltationism micromutation/macromutation uniformitarianism/catastrophism

Modes of speciation	Allopatric Anagenesis Catagenesis Cladogenesis Ecological Hybrid Parapatric Peripatric Sympatric

History	Biological classification Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species Gene-centered view History of evolutionary thought Modern evolutionary synthesis Extended Evolutionary Synthesis

Related	Ecological genetics Molecular evolution Phylogenetics Polymorphism Protocell Systematics Timelines Human timeline Life timeline Nature timeline

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