Grapholita

Grapholita
Adult (above) and caterpillar (below) of the plum fruit moth (G. funebrana) from the Nordisk familjebok. Scale is 1 cm.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Tortricidae
Subfamily:	Olethreutinae
Tribe:	Grapholitini
Genus:	Grapholita Treitschke, 1829
Type species
"Pyralis dorsana" sensu Treitschke, 1829 (see text)
Diversity
126 species
Synonyms
Numerous, see text

Grapholita is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.^[1]

Taxonomy and systematics

G.F. Treitschke established Grapholita in 1829 – in the 7th volume of Schmetterlinge von Europa, with a type species he claimed to be "Pyralis dorsana", a taxon established by J.C. Fabricius in his 1775 Systema Entomologiae. But Treitschke was misled by J. Hübner's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.^[2]

The actual P. dorsana is today known as Dichrorampha petiverella, as it had already been described by Linnaeus in his 1758 edition of Systema naturae as Phalaena (Tinea) petiverella. The "Pyralis dorsana" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as Tortrix lunulana by J.N.C.M. Denis & I. Schiffermüller in 1775, which thus is today Grapholita lunulana.^[3]

Species

126 species are currently recognized in Grapholita, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against Cydia is in need of further study:^[4]

Grapholita amictana (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) Grapholita amphitorna (Turner, 1916) Grapholita andabatana[5] (Wolff, 1957) Grapholita angleseana (Kearfott, 1907) Grapholita antitheta (Meyrick, 1911) Grapholita arcia Diakonoff, 1988 Grapholita arcuatana Kuznetzov, 1992 Grapholita astrapephora Diakonoff, 1976 Grapholita aureolana[5] Tengstrom, 1848 Grapholita auroscriptana Caradja, 1916 Grapholita bigeminata (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935) Grapholita biserialis (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935) Grapholita boulderana McDunnough, 1942 Grapholita caecana[5] Schläger, 1848 Grapholita caeruleana Walsingham, 1879 Grapholita callisphena (Meyrick, 1907) Grapholita caudicula Diakonoff, 1975 Grapholita cerasivora (Matsumura, 1917) Grapholita chrysacrotoma Diakonoff, 1976 Grapholita comanticosta Kuznetzov, 1988 Grapholita compositella[5] – clover seed moth Grapholita conficitana (Walker, 1863) Grapholita conversana Walsingham, 1879 Grapholita coronillana[5] Lienig & Zeller, 1846 Grapholita cotoneastri Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968 Grapholita curviphalla Liu & Yan, 1998 Grapholita cyanogona (Meyrick, 1907) Grapholita dactyla Liu & Yan, 1998 Grapholita delineana[5] Walker, 1863 Grapholita diaphorotorna Diakonoff, 1983 Grapholita difficilana[5] (Walsingham, 1900) Grapholita dilectabilis Kuznetzov, 1972 Grapholita dimorpha Komai, 1979 Grapholita discretana[5] Wocke in Staudinger & Wocke, 1861 Grapholita dohrniana Zeller, 1863 Grapholita dyarana (Kearfott, 1907) Grapholita dysaethria Diakonoff, 1982 Grapholita eclipsana Zeller, 1875 Grapholita edwardsiana (Kearfott, 1907) Grapholita endrosias (Meyrick, 1907) Grapholita exigua Kuznetzov, 1972 Grapholita fana (Kearfott, 1907)

Grapholita fimana Snellen, 1883 Grapholita fissana[5] (Frölich, 1828) Grapholita fistularis (Meyrick, 1928) Grapholita floricolana (Meyrick, 1881) Grapholita funebrana[5] – plum fruit moth Grapholita geministriata (Walsingham, 1900) Grapholita gemmiferana[5] Treitschke, 1835 Grapholita globella Liu & Yan, 1998 Grapholita globovalva Liu & Yan, 1998 Grapholita glycyrrhizana[5] (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky, Kuznetsov & Falkovitsh, 1962) Grapholita gypsothicta (Meyrick, 1938) Grapholita hamatana Kennel, 1901 Grapholita heptatoma Diakonoff, 1976 Grapholita hieroglyphana Blanchard & Knudson, 1984 Grapholita hyalitis (Meyrick, 1909) Grapholita hylophanes (Meyrick, 1928) Grapholita hymenosa Razowski, 2013 Grapholita imitativa Heinrich, 1926 Grapholita inopinata Heinrich, 1928 Grapholita internana[5] Grapholita interstinctana (Clemens, 1860) Grapholita iridescens (Meyrick, 1881) Grapholita isacma (Meyrick, 1907) Grapholita janthinana[5] (Duponchel in Godart, 1835) Grapholita jesonica (Matsumura, 1931) Grapholita jucundata Kuznetzov, 1971 Grapholita junctistrigana (Walsingham, 1900) Grapholita jungiella[5] Grapholita komaii Rose & Pooni, 2003 Grapholita kurilana Kuznetzov, 1976 Grapholita lana (Kearfott, 1907) Grapholita larseni[5] Rebel, 1903 Grapholita latens Kuznetzov, 1972 Grapholita latericia Komai, 1999 Grapholita lathyrana[5] (Hübner, [1813]) Grapholita libertina Heinrich, 1926 Grapholita limbata Diakonoff, 1969 Grapholita lobarzewskii[5] (Nowicki, 1860) Grapholita lunatana Walsingham, 1879 Grapholita lunulana[5] (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Grapholita macrodrilus Diakonoff, 1984 Grapholita melicrossis (Meyrick, 1932) Grapholita mesoscia Diakonoff, 1969 Grapholita miranda (Meyrick, 1911)

Grapholita molesta[5] – Oriental fruit moth, peach moth Grapholita namatophora Diakonoff, 1976 Grapholita nebritana[5] Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830 Grapholita nigrostriana[5] Snellen, 1883 Grapholita nucleana Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 Grapholita obliqua Diakonoff, 1982 Grapholita okui Komai, 1999 Grapholita omittana Kuznetzov, 1988 Grapholita optica (Meyrick, 1912) Grapholita opulentica Kuznetzov, 1992 Grapholita orbiapex Kuznetzov, 1988 Grapholita orobana[5] Treitschke in Ochsenheimer, 1830 Grapholita packardi Zeller, 1875 Grapholita pagenstecheri Bradley, 1961 Grapholita pallifrontana[5] Grapholita parvisignana (Meyrick, 1881) Grapholita patens Kuznetzov, 1971 Grapholita pavonana (Walsingham, 1900) Grapholita prolopha (Meyrick, 1912) Grapholita prunivora (Walsh, 1868) Grapholita pycnograpta (Meyrick, 1936) Grapholita rhabdotacra Diakonoff, 1969 Grapholita rosana Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968 Grapholita schizodelta Diakonoff, 1982 Grapholita scintillana Christoph, 1882 Grapholita seclusana (Walker, 1866) Grapholita semifusca Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968 Grapholita shadawana Liu & Chen, 2000 Grapholita siderocosma Diakonoff, 1978 Grapholita sporosema (Meyrick, 1922) Grapholita steringus Diakonoff, 1983 Grapholita tenebrosana[5] Duponchel in Godart, 1842 Grapholita tetrazancla (Turner, 1925) Grapholita tornosticha (Turner, 1946) Grapholita torodetta (Meyrick, 1914) Grapholita tricyanitis Dianokoff, 1976 Grapholita tristriatana Pagenstecher, 1900 Grapholita tristrigana (Clemens, 1865) Grapholita valens Kuznetzov, 1988 Grapholita vitrana Walsingham, 1879 Grapholita yasudai Komai, 1999 Grapholita zapyrana (Meyrick, 1881) Grapholita zariae Razowski, 2013

Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Grapholita are:^[6]

Aspila Stephens, 1834 Coptoloma Lederer, 1859 Ebisma Walker, 1866 Endopisa Guenée, 1845 Endopsia (lapsus) Endopiza (lapsus) Ephippiophora (lapsus)

Ephippiphora Duponchel, 1834 Eudopisa (lapsus) Euspila Stephens, 1834 Grapholitha Treitschke, 1830 (unjustified emendation) Grapholltha (lapsus) Opadia Guenée, 1845 Stigmonota Guenée, 1845

Footnotes

1. Baixeras et al. (2009a)
2. Treitschke, (1829), Baixeras et al. (2009a)
3. Baixeras et al. (2009a,c)
4. Baixeras et al. (2009b)
5. Sometimes placed in Cydia: see e.g. references in Savela (2005a)
6. Baixeras et al. (2009a), and see references in Savela (2005b)

References

• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Grapholita genus account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Grapholita species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Dichrorampha petiverella. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-APR-19.
• Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-SEP-13. Retrieved 2010-APR-19.
• Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-SEP-13. Retrieved 2010-APR-19.
• Treitschke, Georg Friedrich (1829): [Genus Grapholita]. In: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa (Siebenter Band. Zünsler. G[enera] Herminia-Ennychia.) : 232. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig. Fulltext at the Internet Archive