Cydia (moth)

"Lasperesia" and "Lespeyresia" redirect here. These are misspellings of Laspeyresia, which was invalidly established for the genus Cydia and actually refers to the noctuid moth genus Laspeyria.

Cydia
Imago (above) and caterpillar (below) of the codling moth (C. pomonella)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Division:	Ditrysia
Family:	Tortricidae
Subfamily:	Olethreutinae
Tribe:	Grapholitini
Genus:	Cydia Hübner, 1825
Type species
Phalaena (Tortrix) pomonella Linnaeus, 1758
Diversity
About 215 species (but see text)
Synonyms
Numerous, see text

Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study.^[1]

Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillars inflict as pests of agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their food plants.

Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth (C. deshaisiana), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping beans".

Species

Roughly 215 species are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:^[2]

Cydia acerivora (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) Cydia adenocarpi (Ragonot, 1875) Cydia alabastrina Diakonoff, 1983 Cydia alazon (Diakonoff, 1976) Cydia albimaculana (Fernald, 1879) Cydia albipicta (Sauter, 1968) Cydia alienana (Caradja, 1916) Cydia americana (Walsingham, 1879) Cydia amplana – rusty oak moth Cydia amurensis (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) Cydia anaranjada – slash pine seedworm moth Cydia aphrosema Diakonoff, 1987 Cydia aphrospila (Meyrick, 1921) Cydia araucariae (Pastrana, 1951) Cydia archaeochrysa Diakonoff, 1986 Cydia astragalana (Staudinger, 1871) Cydia atlantica Chambon & Frérot, 1985 Cydia blackmoreana (Walsingham, 1903) Cydia bracteatana (Fernald in Comstock, 1881) Cydia brownorum Rose & Pooni, 2003 Cydia callizona (Meyrick, 1911) Cydia canariensis (Kuznetzov, 1972) Cydia candana (Forbes, 1923) Cydia caradjana (Rebel, 1910) Cydia caryana – hickory shuckworm moth Cydia celiae (Clarke, 1976) Cydia charops (Diakonoff, 1971) Cydia chelias (Meyrick, 1907) Cydia chlorostola (possibly extinct) Cydia cognatana (Barrett, 1874) Cydia colorana Kearfott, 1907 Cydia commensalana (Danilevsky, 1963) Cydia confusana (McDunnough, 1935) Cydia conicolana (Heylaerts, 1874) Cydia coniferana (Saxesen in Ratzeburg, 1840) Cydia conoterma (Meyrick, 1922) Cydia conspicua Cydia cornucopiae (Tengstrom, 1869) Cydia corollana (Hübner, [1823]) Cydia cosmophorana Cydia costastrigulana (McDunnough, 1935) Cydia crassicornis (possibly extinct) Cydia cryptomeriae (Issiki in Issiki & Mutuura, 1961) Cydia cupressana Kearfott, 1907 Cydia curiosa Razowski, 2009 Cydia curitibana Schönherr, 1987 Cydia curvivalva Liu & Yan, 1998 Cydia cytisanthana Burmann & Pröse, 1988 Cydia dadionopa (Diakonoff, 1976) Cydia daedalota (Meyrick, 1916) Cydia dalbergiacola Liu, 1992 Cydia damascana (Razowski, 1966) Cydia danilevskyi (Kuznetzov, 1973) Cydia defensa (Meyrick, 1922) Cydia derrai Pröse, 1988 Cydia deshaisiana – jumping bean moth Cydia deyana (Chrétien, 1915) Cydia dissulta Diakonoff, 1983 Cydia dochmasima Diakonoff, 1987 Cydia doria (Clarke, 1976) Cydia duplicana Cydia elpore (Diakonoff, 1976) Cydia ergoda Razowski, 2013 Cydia ermolenkoi (Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) Cydia erotella (Heinrich, 1923) Cydia ethelinda (Meyrick, 1934) Cydia eucyanea Walsingham, 1914 Cydia eudesma Walsingham, 1914 Cydia exquisitana (Rebel, 1889) Cydia fabivora (Meyrick, 1928) Cydia fagiglandana – beech moth Cydia fahlbergiana (Thunberg, 1797) Cydia falsifalcellum Cydia farsica (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968)

Cydia fletcherana (Kearfott, 1907) Cydia flexiloqua (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia gallaesaliciana (Riley, 1881) Cydia garacana (Kearfott, 1907) Cydia gilviciliana (Staudinger, 1859) Cydia glandicolana Cydia grandicula (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia grunertiana (Ratzeburg, 1868) Cydia guttifera (Meyrick, 1913) Cydia gypsograpta (possibly extinct) Cydia honorana (Herrich-Schffer, 1851) Cydia hygrotrema (Diakonoff, 1971) Cydia ilipulana (Walsingham, 1903) Cydia illustrana (Kuznetzov in Ler, 1986) Cydia illutana Cydia indivisa Cydia infausta (Walsingham, 1900) Cydia inflata (Meyrick, 1916) Cydia informosana (Walker, 1863) Cydia ingens – longleaf pine seedworm moth Cydia ingrata (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia injectiva (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia inopiosa (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia inquinatana Cydia interscindana (Möschler, 1866) Cydia intexta (Kawabe, 1980) Cydia japonensis Kawabe, 1980 Cydia johanssoni Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993 Cydia kamijoi (Oku, 1968) Cydia kozlovi (Kuznetzov, 1962) Cydia kurokoi – nut fruit tortrix Cydia lacustrina (Miller, 1976) Cydia lajonquierei (Capuse, 1970) Cydia largo Heppner, 1981 Cydia laricana (Busck, 1916) Cydia laricicolana (Kuznetzov, 1960) Cydia larimana (Walsingham, 1895) Cydia latifemoris Cydia latiferreana – filbertworm moth (sometimes separated in Melissopus) Cydia latisigna Miller, 1986 Cydia lautiuscula (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia leguminana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) Cydia leucobasis (Busck, 1916) Cydia leucogrammana (Hofmann, 1898) Cydia leucostoma – tea flush worm Cydia maackiana (Danilevsky, 1963) Cydia malesana (Meyrick, 1920) Cydia marathonana Pröse & Sutter, 1973 Cydia maxima (Kuznetzov, 1973) Cydia medicaginis – alfalfa moth Cydia mediocris (Kuznetzov, 1972) Cydia melanoptycha Diakonoff, 1983 Cydia membrosa (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia menoides Walsingham, 1914 Cydia microgrammana (Guenée, 1845) Cydia millenniana – larch gall moth Cydia miscitata (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia montana Cydia montezuma Miller, 1986 Cydia monticola (Kuznetzov, 1962) Cydia multilineana (Kearfott, 1907) Cydia multistriana (Chrétien, 1915) Cydia nebulocula (Diakonoff, 1976) Cydia negatana (Rebel in Rebel & Rogenhofer, 1896) Cydia neolopha (Meyrick, 1926) Cydia nigra (Miller, 1966) Cydia nigricana – pea moth Cydia ninana Dyar, 1903 Cydia nomaea (Meyrick, 1917) Cydia obliqua (may belong in C. plicatum) Cydia obnisa (Heinrich, 1926) Cydia obtecta (Meyrick, 1922) Cydia obumbrana Kuznetzov, 1992 Cydia odontica Diakonoff, 1983

Cydia omana Razowski, 1995 Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912) Cydia pactolana – spruce bark tortrix Cydia palmetum (Heinrich, 1928) Cydia pamira (Obraztsov, 1943) Cydia parapteryx Cydia peiui (Stanoiu & Neme, 1974) Cydia pentalychna (Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1938) Cydia perelegans (Kuznetzov, 1962) Cydia perfricta (Meyrick, 1920) Cydia periclydonia Diakonoff, 1983 Cydia perlaeta Walsingham, 1914 Cydia perrupta (Meyrick, 1922) Cydia persica (Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968) Cydia phalacris (Meyrick, 1912) Cydia phyllisi Miller, 1986 Cydia piperana – ponderosa pine seedworm moth Cydia plicatum (may include C. obliqua, C. storeella) Cydia plumbiferana (Staudinger, 1871) Cydia pomonella – codling moth] Cydia populana (Busck, 1916) Cydia prismatica (Meyrick, 1911) Cydia prosperana (Kearfott, 1907) Cydia pseudomalesana Clarke, 1986 Cydia pseudotsugae (Evans, 1969) Cydia pulchella Durrant in Walsingham, 1914 Cydia pycnochra (Meyrick, 1920) Cydia pyraspis (Meyrick, 1928) Cydia pyrivora – pear fruit moth, pear tortricid Cydia rana (Forbes, 1924) Cydia reflectrix (Meyrick, 1928) Cydia rhodaspis (Meyrick, 1928) Cydia rjabovi (Kuznetzov, 1962) Cydia rufipennis Cydia sammuti Diakonoff, 1986 Cydia secretana (Kuznetzov, 1973) Cydia seductana (Kuznetzov, 1962) Cydia semicinctana (Kennel, 1901) Cydia servillana (Duponchel in Godart, 1836) Cydia siderocosma (Diakonoff, 1969) Cydia signifer Walsingham, 1914 Cydia silvana (Kuznetzov, 1970) Cydia splendana – chestnut tortrix, acorn moth Cydia staphiditis (Meyrick, 1930) Cydia stirpicola (Meyrick, 1926) Cydia storeella (possibly extinct or belongs in C. plicatum) Cydia striatana (Caradja, 1916) Cydia strigulatana (Kennel, 1899) Cydia strobilella – spruce seed moth Cydia succedana Cydia sumptuosana (Rebel in Rebel & Zerny, 1928) Cydia tana (Kearfott, 1907) Cydia taocosma (Meyrick, 1914) Cydia tonosticha (Meyrick, 1922) Cydia toreuta – eastern pine seedworm moth Cydia torostoma (Clarke, 1972) Cydia trasias (Meyrick, 1928) Cydia trichota Diakonoff, 1988 Cydia trifascicolana Schönherr, 1987 Cydia trogodana Pröse, 1988 Cydia tropicana Kuznetzov, 1992 Cydia tunisiana Aarvik & Karsholt, 1993 Cydia turcianae Chambon in Chambon, Witzgall & Bengtsson, 1993 Cydia ulicetana Cydia undosa (Diakonoff, 1957) Cydia uranatma (Meyrick, 1936) Cydia vallesiaca (Sauter, 1968) Cydia walsinghamii Cydia zebeana – larch bark moth

Former species

• Cydia euryteles (Meyrick, 1936)

Synonyms

Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Cydia are:^[3]

Adenoneura Walsingham, 1907 Carpocampa Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation) Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1829 Cerata Stephens, 1852 Coccyx Treitschke, 1829 Collicularia Obraztsov, 1960 Crobilophora (lapsus) Crobylophora Kennel, 1910 (non Meyrick, 1880: preoccupied) Danilevskia Kuznetzov, 1970 Dicraniana Diakonoff, 1984 Erminea Kirby & Spence, 1826 Erminia (lapsus) Hedulia Heinrich, 1926

Kenneliola Paclt, 1951 Lasperesia (lapsus) Laspeyresia Hübner, 1825 (non R.L., 1817: preoccupied) Lespeyresia (lapsus) Melisopus (lapsus) Melissopus Riley, 1882 Melliopus (lapsus) Mellisopus (lapsus) Mellissopus (lapsus) Phanetoprepa Obraztsov, 1968 Pseudotomoides Obraztsov, 1959 Semasia Stephens, 1829 Strobila Sodoffsky, 1837 (non Sars, 1829: preoccupied)

In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes^[4] listed as junior synonyms of Cydia. But the type species of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana), and that of the third is Orchemia gallicana (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).^[5]

Footnotes

1. Baixeras et al. (2009a,b), and see references in Savela (2005a,b)
2. Baixeras et al. (2009b)
3. Baixeras et al. (2009a), and see references in Savela (2005b)
4. See e.g. references in Savela (2005a)
5. Baixeras et al. (2009c)

References

• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia genus account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Cydia species list. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-JAN-20.
• Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009c): Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae – Pammene genus account. Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-APR-19.
• Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Cydia. Version of 2005-SEP-13. Retrieved 2010-APR-19.
• Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Grapholita. Version of 2005-SEP-13. Retrieved 2010-APR-19.

External links

• Hawaiian Cydia
• Photos and descriptions of species
• Eurasian Cydia of Economic Importance