Harold Ruggles-Brise

Sir Harold Goodeve Ruggles-Brise
Born 17 March 1864
Died 24 June 1927 (aged 63)
Allegiance United Kingdom United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service 1885–1920
Rank Major-General
Unit Grenadier Guards
Commands held 3rd Bn Grenadier Guards
School of Musketry
20th Brigade
40th Division
73rd Division
Battles/wars 2nd Boer War
World War I
Awards MVO (1911)
CB (1915)
KCMG (1919)
Ten Mentions in Despatches
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
Legion of Honour (France)
Croix de guerre 1914-1918 (France)
Relations Sir Samuel Brise Ruggles-Brise (Father)
Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise (Brother)
Other work Secretary, Officers' Association

Major-General Sir Harold Goodeve Ruggles-Brise KCMG CB MVO (17 March 1864 – 24 June 1927) was a British Army officer in the Second Boer War and First World War, and a good amateur cricketer.

Early life

Harold Ruggles-Brise was born on 17 March 1864, the fifth son of Sir Samuel Brise Ruggles-Brise, KCB, of Spains Hall, Essex, (1825–99) and his wife Marianne Weyland Bowyer-Smith, daughter of Sir Edward Bowyer-Smith, 10th Baronet, of Hill Hall, Essex.[1][2][3] His eldest brothers were Archie (who inherited Spains Hall) and Evelyn (later Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, chairman of the Prison Commission).[4] Unlike his elder brothers, who went to Eton College, Harold was educated at Winchester College, where he was in the Rev J.T. Bramston's House, and at Balliol College, Oxford. At Oxford, Ruggles-Brise obtained a Second Class in Classical Moderations and his cricket Blue in 1883.[2][3]

Military career

After Oxford, Ruggles-Brise entered the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, passing out in 1885,[5] and was commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards.[3][6][7] He served with the 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards, as battalion Adjutant of the 3rd Battalion 1893–4[7][8][9] and as Adjutant of the Guards Depot at Caterham 1895.[7][10][11][12] He then studied at the Staff College, Camberley 1896–7.[3][7][13]

Boer War

Promoted to Captain in 1897,[7] Ruggles-Brise served with the 2nd Bn Grenadier Guards at Gibraltar before being appointed Brigade Major to the infantry brigade at Gibraltar in March 1899.[2][7][14] In October that year he and his brigadier, Major-General Sir Henry Colville, were transferred to Cape Colony as part of the troop build-up for the Second Boer War. Colville took command of 1st (Guards) Brigade in Lord Methuen's 1st Division, with Ruggles-Brise as his brigade major.[3][7][15][16]

Advancing to relieve Kimberley at the beginning of the war, Methuen attempted a night attack at Belmont on 22–23 November 1899. He sent Colville off with his brigade to assault Gun Hill: although 'They were guided by my Brigade Major, Captain Ruggles-Brise, who led them to the exact spot', Colville admitted that he had miscalculated the distance, and that the commanding officer of 3rd Grenadier Guards attacked the wrong hill. Neither error was Ruggles-Brise's fault and he received his first Mention in Dispatches for his work that night.[16][17][18][19] He distinguished himself again at the Battle of Modder River[20] and was present at the Battle of Magersfontein.

When Colville was promoted to command 9th Division, Ruggles-Brise went with him as his Deputy Assistant Adjutant General.[21][22] However, in May 1900, while Lord Roberts was closing in on Johannesburg, a Yeomanry battalion under Colville's command was cut off and forced to surrender, Colville was made a scapegoat and sent home.[23] Ruggles-Brise remained in South Africa until the end of the year, when he was re-appointed as brigade major[24] in Home District (London).[7]

School of Musketry

Ruggles-Brise was promoted Brevet Major on 9 November 1900[7][25] and became a regimental major by seniority on 11 October 1902.[7][26] On 1 April 1903 he became Brigade Major of the Brigade of Guards, and simultaneously of 9th Brigade.[7][27]

Promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel on 20 July 1907,[7] Ruggles-Brise became Commanding Officer of 3rd Bn Grenadier Guards for four years.[28] After completing this term, and promotion to Colonel (30 August 1911),[7][29] he was next appointed Commandant of the School of Musketry at Hythe.[3][7] In 1909 the School of Musketry had advocated that each British infantry battalion should be equipped with six instead of two machine-guns. This had been turned down on grounds of cost, so the decision had been made to train the infantry in rapid-fire musketry to make up for the lack of automatic weapons. During Ruggles-Brises's command the School played a crucial role in training the instructors who in turn taught the British Regular Amy to shoot so effectively that in the early part of World War I German reports repeatedly credited them with possessing large numbers of machine-guns.[3][30] Conversely, Ruggles-Brise has been criticised for delaying the development of anti-aircraft machine-guns in 1912.[31]

20th Brigade at Ypres

Soon after the outbreak of World War I, Ruggles-Brise was promoted Temporary Brigadier-General (15 September)[7][32] to command a brigade composed of the last three Regular infantry battalions left in Britain after the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) went to France. They constituted 20th Brigade of 7th Division and assembled at Lyndhurst, Hampshire. Although not officially designated a Guards brigade, it did contain two Guards battalions (1st Grenadiers and 2nd Scots Guards), together with 2nd Border Regiment; it was joined by 2nd Gordon Highlanders, which returned from Cairo just before the brigade sailed from Southampton.[33][34][35][36][37][38]

Seventh Division landed at Zeebrugge on 7 October 1914, intended to assist the Belgian Army in the defence of Antwerp. In the event all it could do was help to cover the Belgian retreat and then take up defensive positions at Ypres where they were joined by the rest of the BEF after the Race to the Sea. Thereafter 20th Brigade was engaged in heavy fighting at Langemarck and Gheluvelt during the First Battle of Ypres[34][39][40] Like several other senior officers who got out among their units to exercise personal command during this confused fighting, Ruggles-Brise was wounded, being carried back 'half dead of a dreadful wound on a stretcher' on 2 November.[33][41] During his convalescence he reverted to the half-pay list,[42] but after returning to active duty in July 1915 he was appointed Brigadier-General, General Staff, at the Aldershot Training Centre.[7]

The Bantams

On 25 September 1915, Ruggles-Brise was promoted to Temporary Major-General[43] and appointed to command 40th Division.[7][44] This was a new formation, one of the last of Kitchener's 'New Army' divisions, and by the time it was organised the flow of volunteers had slackened and the army had to reduce its height requirement for infantry in an effort to attract recruits. This led to the creation of so-called 'Bantam' battalions of smaller men. 40th Division's 119th Brigade was the Welsh Bantam Brigade composed of 'well-knit, hardy Welshmen', but 'the men of the other two brigades (120th and 121st) contained a large proportion of under-developed and unfit men, and a drastic weeding-out became necessary'. 'It was estimated that only two serviceable battalions could be formed from the exitsing four in each brigade, consequently the 120th and 121st Brigades would each require two new battalions to complete it to war establishment. Early in 1916 Ruggles-Brise recommended that four new battalions should be sent, to prevent the departure of the division overseas being indefinitely postponed. The four battalions of 118th Brigade (39th Division) were transferred to complete his brigades. The reorganisation was completed in February 1916 and the division was fully mobilised by the end of May.[44]

40th Division under Ruggles-Brise embarked for France in early June and took its place on the Western Front to join in the continuous trench warfare. One of his brigades assisted another division in the Battle of the Ancre (the last phase of the Battle of the Somme) in November 1916,[44][45] and the division followed up the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line in March 1917, but the whole division's first offensive actions came in April and May 1917. On 21, 24 and 25 April, 40th Division captured 'Fifteen Ravine' (a valley originally bordered by 15 distinctive trees), Villers-Plouich and Beaucamp.[44] Today, Fifteen Ravine British Cemetery stands in Farm Ravine, which was captured by 12th Bn South Wales Borderers, while Villers-Plouich was captured by 13th Bn East Surrey Regiment.[46][47]

Home defence

Ruggles-Brise was promoted to substantive Major-General for 'distinguished service in the field' on 3 June 1917.[7][48] He relinquished command of 40th Division on 24 August 1917[44] and returned to England to take over command of 73rd Division, a Home Defence formation stationed in Essex. Originally composed of men of the Territorial Force who had not volunteered for (or were unfit for) overseas service, this distinction had been swept away by the Military Service Act 1916, and the division's role had changed to fitness training to prepare these former home service men for drafting to fighting divisions.[49] Towards the end of 1917 the War Office decided to disband the home service divisions, and 73rd Division was progressively broken up between January and March 1918. Ruggles-Brise relinquished his command on 4 March 1918.[7][49]

Haig's right-hand man

His next posting was as Military Secretary at General Headquarters (GHQ) of the British Armies in France under the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Douglas Haig.[7][50] After harsh criticism of GHQ's performance during the 1917 fighting, several of Haig's senior staff had been replaced by new men like Ruggles-Brise brought in.[51][52][53] The Military Secretary was one of the CinC's closest assistants with particular responsibility for promotions and appointments. Ruggles-Brise arrived in the middle of the German Spring Offensive of March 1918, and one of his first jobs was to inform the commander of Fifth Army, Sir Hubert Gough – in the midst of organising a counter-attack – that he was being replaced.[54] Gough recalled that Ruggles-Brise 'told me as nicely as he could'.[55]

Retirement

Ruggles-Brise continued as Haig's Military Secretary throughout the German Offensives and then the Allies' victorious Hundred Days Offensive of 1918. He finally relinquished the position on 13 April 1919. He then worked in the Military Secretary's Department in England until 3 September 1919,[7][56] and retired from the Army on 10 March 1920.[7][57] In retirement he devoted himself to soldiers' welfare, and was secretary of the Officers' Association.[3]

Honours and awards

Ruggles-Brise had been mentioned in dispatches five times during the Boer War.[2][3] As Commanding Officer of 3rd Grenadier Guards, he was made a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) – a personal award by the King.[58] After his active service in 1914 he was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB).[59] During World War I he was mentioned in dispatches five more times,[2][3] and afterwards was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the King's Birthday Honours of June 1919 (thereby becoming Sir Harold Ruggles-Brise).[60] In addition, he was made a Commander of the Order of Leopold (Belgium),[61] a Commander of the French Legion of Honour,[62] and awarded the French Croix de Guerre.[63]

Cricket career

Ruggles-Brise was an all-round sportsman, considered an excellent shot and a good tennis player.[3] He was best known for his cricketing prowess as a right-hand batsman and medium-pace bowler. He was in the Winchester XI 1880–82 and played for Oxford University Cricket Club in 1883, winning his Blue. The following year he played for the MCC. His first-class career for Oxford and MCC consisted of eight matches, in which he scored 278 runs at an average of 18.53 with a highest score of 73. He took one wicket. He also played twice for Essex in non-first class matches. As a serving officer he played regularly for the Household Brigade team.[64]

Family

In 1895 Ruggles-Brise married Lady Dorothea Stewart Murray (1866–1937), elder daughter of the 7th Duke of Atholl. They had no children.[1][2][3] Ruggles-Brise died at the age of 63 on 24 June 1927 of pneumonia contracted after playing tennis a few days before.[3]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Burke's Landed Gentry
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Who Was Who.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Obituary, Times (London) 27 June 1927.
  4. ↑ 'Sir Evelyn John Ruggles-Brise', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed 30 May 2013.
  5. ↑ Sandhurst Collection
  6. ↑ London Gazette 22 May 1885
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Quarterly Army List: Part I: Gradation List, various dates
  8. ↑ London Gazette 9 May 1893
  9. ↑ Hart's Army List, 1894.
  10. ↑ London Gazette 8 January 1895
  11. ↑ London Gazette 8 January 1895
  12. ↑ Hart's Army List, 1896.
  13. ↑ Hart's Army List, 1897 & 1898.
  14. ↑ London Gazette 2 May 1899
  15. ↑ London Gazette 13 October 1899
  16. 1 2 Creswicke.
  17. ↑ Colville's dispatch of 23 November 1899, London Gazette 26 January 1900
  18. ↑ Miller, pp. 90–4.
  19. ↑ Anglo-Boer War.com
  20. ↑ Methuen's dispatch of 15 February 1900, London Gazette 16 March 1900
  21. ↑ London Gazette 1 May 1900
  22. ↑ Lord Roberts' dispatch of 31 March 1900, London Gazette 8 January 1901
  23. ↑ Kruger, pp. 310–2.
  24. ↑ London Gazette 18 January 1901
  25. ↑ London Gazette 19 April 1901
  26. ↑ London Gazette 24 October 1902
  27. ↑ London Gazette 12 May 1903
  28. ↑ London Gazette 21 July 1911
  29. ↑ London Gazette 8 September 1911
  30. ↑ Edmonds, France & Belgium 1914, Vol II, pp. 462–3.
  31. ↑ Travers, p.65.
  32. ↑ London Gazette 9 October 1914
  33. 1 2 Becke, pt 1, p. 82.
  34. 1 2 http://www.1914-1918.net/7div.htm
  35. ↑ http://www.1914-1918.net/grenguards.htm
  36. ↑ http://www.1914-1918.net/scotguards.htm
  37. ↑ http://www.1914-1918.net/border.htm
  38. ↑ http://www.1914-1918.net/gordon.htm
  39. ↑ Edmonds 1914, Vol II.
  40. ↑ Farrar-Hockley, Ypres.
  41. ↑ Farrar-Hockley, Ypres, p. 180.
  42. ↑ London Gazette 2 February 1915
  43. ↑ London Gazette 5 October 1915.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 Becke, pt 3b, pp 101–8.
  45. ↑ CWGC: Ancre
  46. ↑ CWGC: Fifteen Ravine British Cemetery, Villers-Plouich
  47. ↑ CWGC: Villers-Plouich Communal Cemetery
  48. ↑ London Gazette 1 June 1917
  49. 1 2 Becke pt 2b, pp 111–6.
  50. ↑ Becke, pt 4, p 11.
  51. ↑ Frank E. Vandiver, 'Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig and Passchendaele', ch. 3 in Liddle, p. 38.
  52. ↑ Farrar-Hockley, Goughie, p. 240.
  53. ↑ Wolff, pp.274–5.
  54. ↑ CWGC: Dismissal note
  55. ↑ Farrar-Hockley, Goughie, pp. 308–9.
  56. ↑ London Gazette 30 September 1919
  57. ↑ London Gazette 9 March 1920
  58. ↑ London Gazette 1 July 1910
  59. ↑ London Gazette 2 March 1915
  60. ↑ London Gazette 9 June 1919
  61. ↑ London Gazette 19 August 1919
  62. ↑ London Gazette 5 November 1920
  63. ↑ London Gazette 5 November 1920
  64. ↑ http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/32/32535/32535.html

References

External sources

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