Honi soit qui mal y pense

The motto appears on a representation of the garter, surrounding the shield of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom.

The motto appears in a royal coat of arms of the 17th century on the ceiling of Bath Abbey.

Hand fan of Queen Victoria with motto

Motto on cannon at Fort Denison, Sydney

Honi soit qui mal y pense (UK: [ɒnɪ ˌswɑː kiː mal iː ˈpɒ̃s] or US: [ˌoʊni ˌswɑ ki ˌmɑl i ˈpɑ̃s]) is an Anglo-Norman maxim that means, "May he be shamed who thinks badly of it".^[1]

Its translation from Old French is "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it."^[2] It is sometimes re-interpreted as "Evil (or shame) be to him that evil thinks."^[3] In contemporaneous French usage, it is usually used ironically, to insinuate the presence of hidden agendas or conflicts of interest.^[4] A more literal, word-by-word translation is "Shamed be [he] who evil of it thinks".

The saying's most famous use is as the motto of the British chivalric Order of the Garter. It is also inscribed at the end of the manuscript of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, but that appears to have been a later addition.^[5]

History and translation

According to historian Elias Ashmole, the foundation of the Garter occurred when King Edward III of England prepared for the Battle of Crécy and gave "forth his own garter as the signal." Another theory suggests "a trivial mishap at a court function" when King Edward III was dancing with Joan of Kent, his first cousin and daughter-in-law. Her garter slipped down to her ankle causing those around her to snigger at her humiliation.^[6] In an act of chivalry Edward placed the garter around his own leg saying, "Honi soit qui mal y pense. Tel qui s'en rit aujourd'hui, s'honorera de la porter."^[7]

The two phrases are often translated as follows: "A scoundrel, who thinks badly by it" or "Shame on him who suspects illicit motivation," followed by, "Those who laugh at this today, tomorrow will be proud to wear it." Other translations include: "Spurned be the one who evil thinks", "Shame be to him who thinks ill of it," and "Evil on him who thinks evil."

David Nash Ford observes that although

"Edward III may outwardly have professed the Order of the Garter to be a revival of the Round Table, it is probable that privately its formation was a move to gain support for his dubious claim to the French throne. The motto of the Order is a denunciation of those who think ill of some specific project, and not a mere pious invocation of evil upon evil-thinkers in general. 'Shame be to him who thinks ill of it' was probably directed against anyone who should oppose the King's design on the French Crown."^[8]

Heraldic use

Arms of John of Gaunt include the garter and the motto Honi soit qui mal y pense. Picture from a 16th-century depiction

In English heraldry, the motto Honi soit qui mal y pense is used either as a stand-alone motto upon a motto scroll, or upon a circular representation of the garter. Knights and Ladies of the Garter are entitled to encircle the shield of their arms with the garter and motto (e.g. The 1st Duke of Marlborough).^[9][10][11] The latter usage can also be seen in the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, with the motto of the Royal arms, Dieu et mon droit, being displayed on a scroll beneath the shield. As part of the Royal Arms, the motto is displayed in many public buildings in Britain and colonial era public buildings in various parts of the Commonwealth (such as all Courts of England and Wales). The Royal Arms (and motto) appear on many British government official documents (e.g. the front of current British passports); on packaging and stationery of companies operating under Royal Warrant (e.g. the banner of the Times, which uses the Royal coat of arms of Great Britain circa 1714 to 1800;^[12] and are used by other entities so distinguished by the British monarch (e.g. as the official emblem of the Royal Yacht Britannia).^[13]

Several military organisations in the Commonwealth incorporate the motto inscribed upon a garter of the order within their badges (or cyphers) and some use Honi soit qui mal y pense as their motto. Corps and regiments using the motto in this fashion are ('*' indicates usage as a motto in addition to inclusion in the badge):

• Also used on items, e.g. the baton, of the Society of High Constables of Edinburgh (founded 1611), along with the phrase ' nisi dominos frusta'.
• British Army: the Royal Horse Artillery;^[14][15] Household Cavalry Regiment;^[16] Life Guards (motto appears in the Garter Star representation worn on Life Guard officer's helmets rather than in the unit badge);^[16] Blues and Royals;^[16] Grenadier Guards*;^[17]Coldstream Guards; Princess of Wales' Royal Regiment;^[18] Royal Regiment of Fusiliers;^[19] Corps of Royal Engineers;^[20] and the Royal Logistic Corps (which in April 1993 became an amalgamation of the trades of five corps, which included the Royal Corps of Transport the Royal Army Ordnance Corps ,The Royal Pioneer Corps, the Army Catering Corps and the Postal and Courier Services of the Royal Engineers, all of these forming Corps used the motto inscribed garter in their badge).^[21][22]
• Australian Army: the Royal Australian Engineers* (motto is one of two used);^[23] Royal Australian Army Service Corps (merged in 1973 into the newly raised RACT (and who did not use the motto), and the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps);^[24][25]
• Canadian Army:The Governor General's Horse Guards, The Royal Regiment of Canada,^[26] The Royal Montreal Regiment^[27] and The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery.^[28]
• New Zealand Army: the 6th Hauraki Infantry Regiment.^[29]

Other uses

• It appears in the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom, inscribed on the garter which surrounds the shield, itself supported by a lion and a unicorn.
• It appears in the King's School Grantham coat of arms.^[30]
• It appears on a 1612 map entitled Virginia by John Smith, on a design of the Royal Coat of Arms surrounded by the garter. The original is at the Newberry Library in Chicago and was displayed in an exhibit entitled Maps: Finding Our Place in the World at the Field Museum in Chicago from 11/2/07 -1/27/08.
• It appears on several British military cap badges. The phrase is incorporated into the elaborate figurehead of the HMS Victory, Admiral Lord Nelson's flagship at the historic Battle of Trafalgar. Bounty mutineer James Morrison had the motto with a garter tattooed around his left leg, according to William Bligh's Notebook.^[31]
• It is a motto for many schools and educational institutions; the title of the University of Sydney student newspaper, Honi Soit, is derived from the motto.
• It is the title of a 2013 multi-award winning, short war documentary by Australian filmmaker Tom Abood.^[32]
• It appears in a number of literary works, including Robert Anton Wilson's Masks of the Illuminati, Robert A. Heinlein's Friday, Bernard Malamud's The Natural, Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor (Act V, Scene V), Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina (Part 1, Chapter 17), and at the end of the late 14th-century Middle English Arthurian romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
• It appears in the stage directions of Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff, libretto by Arrigo Boito, in Act 3, scene 1, where it is written above the door at the Garter Inn.
• It appears on the coat of arms above the lower main gate of the castle of the German city of Tübingen.
• It appears on the top of the British Residency Building, Hyderabad, the Capital of the South Indian State of Telangana.
• It appears in the comments of the source code for the master ignition routine of the Apollo 13 lunar module.^[33]
• It appears in the lyrics of the 1978 song "Parlez-vous français" by the Spanish group Baccara.
• It is sung in full as the chorus of John Cale's song "Honi Soit (La Première Leçon de Français)" featured on the 1981 album Honi Soit.^[34]
• Until 1997 it appeared prominently on Hong Kong banknotes, along with the Royal coat of arms. Hence that phrase, along with Dieu et mon droit, which also appeared on the colonial currency, could be considered the motto of colonial Hong Kong.
• It appears in the staff used by the Usher of the Black Rod of the Senate of Canada.
• It is incorporated in the coat of arms of the Abbey of San Paolo fuori le Mura (St Paul outside the Walls), Rome, who state it is the motto of the order of the Garter, in French, which was established in Windsor in 1344 or 1344.^[35]
• It is used as the motto of The Blue Book, a guide to prostitutes in the Storyville district of New Orleans, published 1895-1915.^[36]
• It appears on the masthead of The Times newspaper (printed daily in the UK), on a Hanoverian version of the royal coat of arms from 1785.
• It appears in the source code for the Apollo 11 ^[37]

See also

• Dieu et mon droit, the motto of the Monarch of the United Kingdom for use outwith Scotland
• In My Defens God Me Defend, the motto of the Monarch of the United Kingdom for use in Scotland
• Nemo me impune lacessit, the motto of the Order of the Thistle
• Ich dien, the motto on the Prince of Wales's feathers

References

1. "honi soit qui mal y pense, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press. December 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
2. "Order of the Garter". Encyclopedia Americana. 12. New York. 1919. p. 300.
3. Thomas, Tayler (1856). "Equites Garterii". The Law Glossary (4th ed.). New York: Lewis & Blood. p. 183. Reprinted in 1995 by The Lawbook Exchange, Union, NJ, ISBN 1-886363-12-9.
4. Honi soit qui mal y pense - French expressions analyzed and explained; AboutEducation, retrieved 22 July 2015.
5. Waldron, Ronald Alan, ed. (1970). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-8101-0328-3. OCLC 135649
6. Berkshire History - The Order of the Garter
7. Le château de Windsor
8. David N. Ford on the Order of the Garter
9. Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1996). "XXXVI Official Heraldic Insignia". Complete Guide to Heraldry (1996 ed.). Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions. pp. 583–84. ISBN 1-85326-365-6. A Knight of the Garter has: (1) His Garter to encircle the shield...
10. An example of the full heraldic blazon description is provided in "Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 2: The Royal Regiment of Canada". National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Directorate of History and Heritage, Canadian Forces. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2012. [A] garter Azure fimbriated buckled and inscribed HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE in letters Or (A blue garter with gold edges, gold buckle and inscription HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE in gold letters.) However, simplified blazons are also used.
11. Robson, Thomas (1830). The British Herald, or Cabinet of Armorial Bearings of the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume I. Sunderland: Turner & Marwood. p. 401 (CHU-CLA).
12. "Scissors for Lefty review in The Times". Scissors for Lefty website. Scissors for Lefty. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 20 Jun 2012. Banner image for The Times;
13. "Coats of Arms". Official Website of the British Monarchy. The Royal Household. 2008–09. Retrieved 20 June 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)
14. "Artillery Heritage". Southern Gunners website. Royal New Zealand Artillery Association. 25 December 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
15. Wilkinson-Latham, Robert (2006). Discovering British Military Badges and Buttons (Third ed.). Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire: Shire Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-7478-0484-2.
16. "Welcome". Presenting the Household Cavalry Regiment... Everything You Wanted to Know! website. Peter J Ashman. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
17. "The Grenadier Guards". The Grenadier Guards website. The Grenadier Guards. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
18. "Princess of Wales' Royal Regiment". British Army website. British Army. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
19. "Royal Regiment of Fusiliers – Regimental History". British Army website. British Army. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
20. "Corps of Royal Engineers Badges and Emblems". British Army website. British Army. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
21. "Royal Logistic Corps". British Army website. British Army. 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
22. "Royal Army Service Corps & Royal Corps of Transport Association". RASC & RCT Association website. RASC & RCT Association. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
23. "Who we are – The Royal Australian Engineers". The Australian Army website. The Australian Army. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
24. "Royal Australian Army Service Corps". Digger History website. Digger History. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
25. "Who we are – The Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps". The Australian Army website. The Australian Army. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
26. "Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 2: The Royal Regiment of Canada". National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Directorate of History and Heritage, Canadian Forces. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
27. "Official Lineages Volume 3, Part 2: The Royal Montreal Regiment". National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Directorate of History and Heritage, Canadian Forces. 9 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
28. http://www.army-armee.forces.gc.ca/en/1-rcha/index.page
29. "Sixth Hauraki Battalion Group". New Zealand Army Reserve Website. New Zealand Army. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
30. "kingsschoolgratham". fatefulvoyage.com. 2010-03-17. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
31. "fatefulvoyage.com". fatefulvoyage.com. 2010-03-17. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yst3a35IRd0
33. "Source code for the Apollo 13 lunar module's guidance computer". Ibiblio.org. Retrieved 2012-05-31.
34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5r4He6gfyU
35. http://www.abbaziasanpaolo.net/farmacia.php
36. http://www.storyvilledistrictnola.com/bluebook_gallery.html
37. https://github.com/chrislgarry/Apollo-11/blob/master/Luminary099/BURN_BABY_BURN--MASTER_IGNITION_ROUTINE.agc