Isabella of Hainault

Isabella of Hainault
Queen consort of France
Tenure	28 April 1180–15 March 1190
Coronation	28 May 1180
Born	5 April 1170 Valenciennes
Died	15 March 1190 (aged 19) Paris, France
Burial	Basilica of St Denis
Spouse	Philip II of France
Issue	Louis VIII of France
House	Flanders
Father	Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
Mother	Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Isabella of Hainaut (5 April 1170 in Valenciennes – 15 March 1190 in Paris) was Queen of France as the first wife of King Philip II.

Early life

Isabella was born in Valenciennes on 5 April 1170, the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, and Margaret I, Countess of Flanders. At the age of one, her father had her betrothed to Henry, the future Count of Champagne.^[1] He was the nephew of Adèle of Champagne, who was Queen of France. In 1179, both their fathers swore that they would proceed with the marriage, but her father later agreed to her marrying Philip II of France.

Queen of France

She married King Philip on 28 April 1180 at Bapaume and brought as her dowry the county of Artois. The marriage was arranged by her maternal uncle Philip, Count of Flanders, who was advisor to the King.^[2]

Isabella was crowned Queen of France at Saint Denis on 28 May 1180. As Baldwin V rightly claimed to be a descendant of Charlemagne, the chroniclers of the time saw in this marriage a union of the Carolingian and Capetian dynasties.

The wedding did not please the queen mother, since it had meant the rejection of her nephew and the lessening of influence for her kinsmen. Though Isabella received extravagant praise from certain annalists, she failed to win Philip's affections due to her inability to provide him with an heir, though she was only 14 years old at the time.^[3] Meanwhile, King Philip in 1184, was waging war against Flanders, and angered at seeing his wife's father, Baldwin, support his enemies, he called a council at Sens for the purpose of repudiating her. According to Gislebert of Mons, Isabella then appeared barefooted and dressed as a penitent in the town's churches and thus gained the sympathy of the people. Her appeals angered them so much that they went to the palace and started shouting loud enough to be heard inside.^[4]

Robert, the king's uncle, successfully interposed and no repudiation followed as repudiating her would also have meant the loss of Artois to the French crown.^[5]

Finally, on 5 September 1187, she gave birth to the needed heir, the future King Louis VIII of France.

Death

Her second pregnancy was extremely difficult; on 14 March 1190, Isabella gave birth to twin boys named Robert and Philip. Due to complications in childbirth, Isabella died the next day, and was buried in the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. She was not quite 20 years old and was mourned for greatly in the capital, since she had been a popular queen.^[6]

The twins lived only four days, both having died on 18 March 1190.^[7] Her son Louis succeeded her as Count of Artois. Isabella's dowry of Artois eventually returned to the French Crown following the death of King Philip, when her son Louis became king.

Appearance

Seal of Isabella, currently in the British Museum.^[8]

"Queen Isabelle, she of noble form and lovely eyes."^[9] In 1858, Isabelle's body was exhumed and measured at the cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. At 90 cm from pelvis to feet, she would have stood about 5'8"-5'9", (1.72-1.75 m) tall. It was during this exhumation that a silver seal (now in the British Museum ) was discovered in the queen's coffin. Little used during her life time, it is one of the few medieval seals with a royal connection to survive from the Middle Ages.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Isabella of Hainault

16. Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut               8. Baldwin III, Count of Hainaut                       17. Ida of Leuven               4. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut                             18. Gerard I, Count of Guelders               9. Yolande de Wassenberg                       19. Clemence of Poitou               2. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut                                   20. Albert III, Count of Namur               10. Godfrey I, Count of Namur                       21. Ida of Saxony               5. Alice of Namur                             22. Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg               11. Ermesinda of Luxembourg                       23. Clementia of Aquitaine               1. Isabella of Hainaut                                         24. Gerard, Duke of Lorraine               12. Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine                       25. Hedwige de Namur               6. Thierry, Count of Flanders                             26. Robert I, Count of Flanders               13. Gertrude of Flanders                       27. Gertrude of Saxony               3. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders                                   28. Fulk IV, Count of Anjou               14. Fulk V of Anjou                       29. Bertrade de Montfort               7. Sibylla of Anjou                             30. Elias I, Count of Maine               15. Ermengarde, Countess of Maine                       31. Mathilda of Château-du-Loire

Sources

• Bouyer, Christian (1992). Les reines de France. Perrin.
• Bradbury, Jim (1997). Philip Augustus: King of France 1180-1223. Routledge.
• Nolan, Kathleen D. (2003). Capetian Women. Palgrave Macmillan.

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

References

1. Nolan 2007, p. 79.
2. Bradbury 1997, p. 55-56.
3. Bradbury 1997, p. 58-59.
4. Nolan 2007, p. 83.
5. Bouyer 1992, p. ?.
6. Nolan 2007, p. 87.
7. http://membres.lycos.fr/behgnam/
8. British Museum Collection
9. From the Chronique rimee of Philippe Mouskes