Jean-Michel Jarre

Jean-Michel Jarre

Jarre in 2016
Background information
Birth name Jean-Michel André Jarre
Born (1948-08-24) 24 August 1948
Lyon, France
Genres Ambient, new-age, electronic, trance, progressive rock
Occupation(s) Composer, musician, artist, producer
Instruments Synthesizer, piano, organ, laser harp, accordion, guitar, bass guitar
Years active 1972–present
Labels Disques Dreyfus/BMG Rights Management/Sony, Polydor/PolyGram, Epic/SME, Warner Bros., EMI
Website www.JeanMichelJarre.com

Jean-Michel Jarre (born Jean-Michel André Jarre, pronounced: [ʒɑ̃ miʃɛl ɑ̃dʁe ʒaʁ]; 24 August 1948) is a French composer, performer, and record producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient, and new-age genres, and known as an organiser of outdoor spectacles of his music featuring lights, laser displays, and fireworks.

Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents, and trained on the piano. From an early age he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including those of street performers, jazz musicians, and the artist Pierre Soulages. He played guitar in a band, but his musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer, a pioneer of musique concrète at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales.

His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène. Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 12 million copies. Oxygène was followed in 1978 by Équinoxe, and in 1979 Jarre performed to a record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde, a record he has since broken three times. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, and he is now perhaps as well known as a performer as he is as a musician.

As of 2004 Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums. He was the first Western musician officially invited to perform in the People's Republic of China, and holds the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event.

Biography

Early life, influences, and education

Jean-Michel Jarre was born in Lyon on 24 August 1948, to France Pejot, a French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor, and composer Maurice Jarre.[1][2][3] When Jarre was five, his parents split up and his father moved to America, leaving him with his mother.[4] He did not see his father again until reaching the age of 18.[2] For the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months each year at his maternal grandparents' flat on the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarre's grandfather was an oboe player, engineer and inventor, designing an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean-Michel his first record player.[5] From his vantage point high above the pavement, the young French boy was able to watch street performers at work, an experience he later cited as proving influential on his art.[2][6]

Jarre struggled with classical piano studies, although he later changed teachers and worked on his scales.[7] A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by his discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market, where his mother sold antiques, of a Boris Vian trumpet violin. He often accompanied his mother to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat), a friend's Paris jazz club, where saxophonists Archie Shepp and John Coltrane, and trumpet players Don Cherry and Chet Baker were regular performers. These early jazz experiences suggested to him that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics".[2][8] He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages, whose exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris he attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that "for the first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds."[2] He was also influenced by classical, modernist music; in a 2004 interview for The Guardian, he spoke of the effect that a performance of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring had upon him:

This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum. She is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard "Georgia on My Mind" by Ray Charles, and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music – there was no intellectual process and it was great.[9]

As a young man he earned money by selling his paintings, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery – L'Œil écoute, and by playing in a band called Mystère IV. While he studied at the Lycée Michelet, his mother arranged for him to take lessons in harmony, counterpoint and fugue with Jeannine Rueff of the Conservatoire de Paris.[7][8] In 1967 he played guitar in a band called The Dustbins, who appear in the film Des garçons et des filles. He mixed instruments including the electric guitar and the flute, and tape effects and other sounds.[2] More experimentation followed in 1968, when he began to use tape loops, radios and other electronic devices, but joining the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) in 1969,[7][10] then under the direction of Pierre Schaeffer ("father" of musique concrète), proved hugely influential.[11] Jarre was introduced to the Moog modular synthesizer and spent time working at the studio of influential German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne.[12][13][14]
"La Cage"
Jarre's 1969 release, "La Cage"
Problems playing this file? See media help.

In the kitchen of his flat on Rue de la Trémoille, near the Champs-Élysées, he set up a small recording studio. It included his first synthesiser, an EMS VCS 3,[15] and an EMS Synthi AKS, each linked to Revox tape machines. For a 1969 exposition at the Maison de la Culture (Cultural House) in Reims, Jarre wrote the five-minute song "Happiness Is a Sad Song." His first commercial release was in 1969 with La Cage/Erosmachine, a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers.[16]

1970s

In 1971 Jarre was commissioned by choreographer Norbert Schmucki to perform a ballet called AOR (in Hebrew, "the light"), at the Palais Garnier.[17][18] He also composed music for ballet, theatre, advertisements and television programs,[7] as well as music and lyrics for artists like Patrick Juvet and Christophe.[2] Jarre composed the soundtrack for Les Granges Brûlées[19] and in 1972 wrote music for the International Festival of Magic.[20] That year he also released his first solo album, Deserted Palace,[16] and from 1973–74 wrote music for Françoise Hardy and Gérard Lenorman, as well as writing lyrics for Christophe and directing Christophe's Olympia show.[20]

Jarre's 1976 low budget solo album Oxygène, recorded at his home studio, made him internationally famous. It comprises six numbered synthesiser tracks that make strong use of melody, rather than rhythm or dissonance. A Scully eight-track recorder was used to record instruments like the Eminent 310 (with an Electro-Harmonix Small Stone phaser on its string pads) and the Korg Minipops drum machine. Liberal use of echo was used on the various sound effects generated by the VCS3 synthesiser.[11][21] Jarre's ARP 2600 synthesiser, previously used on his collaborations with Christophe, also featured, as did his EMS VCS 3.[15]
"Oxygène IV"

Oxygène initially proved difficult to sell. Jarre was turned down by several record companies, until another of Schaeffer's students, Hélène Dreyfus, persuaded her husband to publish the album on his label, Disques Motors.[2] The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs and discos,[21][22] and by April 1977 the album had sold 70,000 copies in France. When interviewed in Billboard magazine, Dreyfus's director Stanislas Witold said "In a sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean-Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide."[23] Oxygène has since sold an estimated 12 million copies, the best-selling French record of all time.[7] It reached number 2 in the UK, number 65 in Canada,[24] and broke the top 100 in the US. It also contains his most recognisable single, "Oxygène IV", which reached number 4 in the UK single charts.[11][13][25][26]

Jarre's follow-up album, Équinoxe, was released in 1978. It was composed with sequencers, particularly on the bass, and features a more baroque and classical style than Oxygène, with more emphasis on melodic development.[27] Though its sales were still very healthy, it had less of an impact than Oxygène, but the following year Jarre held a large open-air concert on Bastille Day, at the Place de la Concorde.[2][26] The free outdoor event set a new world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, drawing more than 1 million spectators.[7][28][29] Although it was not the first time he had performed in concert (Jarre had already played at the Paris Opera Ballet), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light, images and fireworks, served as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts.[2][7] Its popularity helped create a surge in sales—a further 800,000 records were sold between 14 July and 31 August 1979—and introduced the Frenchman to Francis Rimbert, who now works for Jarre on a full-time basis.[30][31]

1980–1984

By the time Les Chants Magnétiques was released on 20 May 1981, Oxygène and Équinoxe had achieved global sales of about 6 million units. In its first two months the new album sold a reported 200,000 units in France alone.[32] The album uses sounds from the Fairlight CMI, a new instrument of which Jarre was an early pioneer. Its digital technology allowed him to continue his earlier sonic experimentation in new ways.[33]

The album's release coincided with Jarre's first foreign tour. In 1981 the British Embassy gave Radio Beijing[34] copies of Oxygène and Équinoxe, which became the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio in decades. The republic invited Jarre to become the first western musician to play there, with Les Concerts en Chine.[35] The performances were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981.[32] The first, in Beijing, was initially attended mostly by officials, but before the concert began technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply the stage and auditorium. Chinese officials solved the problem by temporarily cutting power to the surrounding districts.[36] The stadium was almost full when the concert began, but as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock, about half the audience left before it finished.[37] To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets (Jarre originally wanted the concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities decided to charge between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket).[36] The event was notable for its lack of audience involvement; the Chinese were apparently unmoved by both the music and the light show, and applause was muted. The second venue, in Shanghai, was a different matter. Jarre actively encouraged audience participation by stepping into the crowd, which became much more exuberant than that in Beijing.[2] Recordings of the concerts, which featured one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments, the laser harp, were released as a double-disc LP in 1982.[26][38]
"Zoolook"
"Zoolook" also demonstrates heavy use of the Fairlight CMI

Musique pour Supermarché was created for a planned performance at the "Supermarché" art exhibition. Jarre allowed Radio Luxembourg to broadcast it uninterrupted, in its entirety, before he auctioned off a single vinyl print on 5 July 1983, at the Hôtel Drouot in Paris. The sale raised about 70,000 francs, and in protest at the "silly industrialisation of music",[12] Jarre promised to burn the original tapes in the presence of a bailiff.[39] Parts of the destroyed album were reworked into works in subsequent releases (including Diva and Blah Blah Café from Zoolook, and sections of the Fifth Rendez-Vous). Both Music for Supermarkets and Zoolook make heavy use of the Fairlight CMI's ability to sample audio. Zoolook features snippets of words and speech from languages across the globe.[2] Laurie Anderson provided the vocals for the track "Diva". A long list of musicians, including Adrian Belew and Marcus Miller, also made significant contributions.[40] The album was somewhat less successful than Jarre's previous works, reaching only number 47 in the UK album charts.[26]

I've always been involved in ethnic music, though I thought the way a lot of people have been using ethnic music was a little superficial. Sometimes it works, like the Brian Eno stuff, it worked the first time, but for me what was more interesting was not making a particular statement about recording in Africa or in China, but taking some sounds and having exactly the same attitude as when you were in front of a Moog 55 or a modular system, replacing the oscillators with a bank of actors or people, treating them through the Fairlight or the EMS synth, and establishing an orchestration using only voices.[41]

1985–1989

Rendez-vous Houston

In 1985, Jarre was invited by the musical director of the Houston Grand Opera to perform a concert celebrating Texas's 150th anniversary on 5 April 1986. Although he was busy with other projects and was at first unimpressed by the proposal, on a later visit to the city, he was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city's skyline and agreed to perform. Also, 1985 marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center;[28] and NASA asked Jarre to integrate the anniversary into the concert.[2]
"Third Rendez-Vous"
Third Rendez-Vous, normally performed in concert on the laser harp

Rendez-Vous was created over a period of about two months and, as with Zoolook, contains elements of his 1983 album Musique pour Supermarché.[33] Its three movements represent Houston's development, from a rural economy to its role as a leader in space technology.[28] Baroque in style, the album uses a mixture of French horns, trombones, and violins; and it features heavy use of the Elka Synthex, notably so on "Third Rendez-Vous", a track Jarre often performs using a laser harp.[33] Jarre worked with several Houston-based astronauts, including Bruce McCandless II and Ronald McNair, an accomplished musician who was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. The live performance was curtailed by McNair's death in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on 28 January 1986. Consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert; but McCandless contacted Jarre and urged him to proceed, in memory of the shuttle's crew. McNair's saxophone piece was recorded by Kirk Whalum and retitled "Ron's Piece".[2]

I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off" ... I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart.[2]

About 2,000 projectors shone images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high, transforming the city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops for an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers.[28] Rendez-vous Houston entered the Guinness Book of Records for its audience of over 1.5 million, beating his earlier record, set in 1979. The display was so impressive that a nearby freeway was blocked by passing vehicles, forcing the authorities to close it for the duration of the concert.[42][43] Several months later he performed to an audience of about a million at his home city of Lyon,[44] in celebration of a visit by Pope John Paul II. Watching from Lyon Cathedral, the Pope began the concert with a good-night blessing, a recording of which appears on Cities in Concert – Houston/Lyon.[2]

Destination Docklands, October 1988

In 1988 Jarre released Revolutions. The album spans several genres, including symphonic industrial, Arabian inspired, light guitar pop and ethnic electro jazz. A two-hour concert called Destination Docklands was planned for September 1988, to be held at the Royal Victoria Dock in east London.[45] Close to the heart of London, the location was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture was ideally suited for his music. Early in 1988 Jarre met with local officials and members of the community,[46] but Newham Borough Council expressed their fears about the event's safety and delayed their decision on whether to allow the concert to proceed until 12 September[45] eventually rejecting the licence application. The local fire service were also concerned about access in the event of a fire. Site work continued as Jarre's team searched for alternative locations in which to stage the concert, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances, on the 8th and 9 October.[46][47]

The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians performed was built on top of four large barges. Large purpose-built display screens were built, and one of the buildings to be used as a backdrop was painted white. One large mirror ball being transported to the event fell onto the roadside, causing a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for a fallen satellite. World War II searchlights were installed, to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture.[46] Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre and guests such as guitarist Hank Marvin perform in less than ideal conditions. Inclement weather had threatened to break the stage from its moorings, putting paid to the original plan to float the stage across the Royal Victoria Dock. Wind speeds were so high that television cameras were blown over. On the second evening the audience, which included Diana, Princess of Wales,[44] was soaked by rain and wind.[46]

1990s

In 1990 Jarre released En Attendant Cousteau (Waiting for Cousteau), inspired by the French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau.[44] On Bastille Day 1990 he performed a concert at La Défense in Paris, attended by a record-breaking audience of about two million people, again beating his earlier world record.[48] He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico, to be held during the solar eclipse of 11 July 1991. However, with only weeks to go, important equipment had not arrived and the sinking in the Atlantic Ocean of a cargo ship containing the purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical equipment made staging the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "could not cope with Mexican food for two years".[2] About two years later he released Chronologie, an album which was largely influenced by the techno-music scene. From a technical standpoint the album is a reversion to a concept seen in Jarre's Oxygène/Équinoxe period, where a grandiose overture precedes more rhythmic sections.[49] The album features Jarre's traditional collection of instruments like the ARP 2600 and Minimoog, as well as newer synthesisers such as the Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000.[50]
"Chronologie Part 4"
The opening few moments of "Chronologie Part 4"
In the state of mind I did Chronologie, it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène, using a lot of the old synthesizers of the '70s, like the Moog synthesizer — which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music — mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the '90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between the sounds of the '70s and the sounds of the '90s.[49]

Chronologie was performed at a series of 16 performances across Europe called Europe in Concert. These were on a smaller scale than his previous concerts, featuring a miniature skyline, laser imaging and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester, Barcelona, Seville and the Versailles Palace near Paris.[51] A concert was also held in Hong Kong in March 1994, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium.[52] Jarre performed many of his most well-known hits at the Concert for Tolerance on Bastille Day in 1995, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. The Eiffel Tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a more permanent display.[53] The following December he created the website "A Space for Tolerance", which featured music from En Attendant Cousteau, played while the user browsed a variety of "visual worlds".[54]

In 1997 Jarre returned to the analogue synthesisers of the 1970s with Oxygène 7–13,[55] dedicated to his mentor at the GRM, Pierre Schaeffer, who had died two years before.[56] Eschewing digital techniques developed in the 1980s, in an interview for The Daily Telegraph he said:

The excitement of being able to work on sounds in a tactile, manual, almost sensual way is what drew me to electronic music in the first place ... The lack of limitations is very dangerous. It is like the difference for a painter of getting four tubes with four main colours or being in front of a computer with two million colours. You have to scan the two million colours and when you arrive to the last one you have obviously forgotten the first one. In the Eighties we became archivists and everything became rather cold as a result.[55]

In September that year he set his fourth record for the largest ever outdoor concert audience with a performance at the Moscow State University, celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The event was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million.[57][58] The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, had taken place on the same day, and the Frenchman therefore dedicated "Souvenir of China" to her memory, before observing a minute's silence.[59] Another large scale concert followed on 31 December 1999, in the Egyptian desert near Giza. The Twelve Dreams of the Sun celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, Métamorphoses. The show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the sun and its effect upon humanity.[60]

2000s

Jarre released his first vocal album, Métamorphoses, in 2000.[35] It was mixed on an early version of Pro Tools, a digital audio workstation designed to record, edit and play back digital audio.[10] Métamorphoses marks a departure from Jarre's earlier work. Sound effects used include radio interference from mobile phones, and Macintalk, a Macintosh program used to generate lyrics on the track "Love, Love, Love". Contributors included Laurie Anderson, who had also appeared on Zoolook, Natacha Atlas and Sharon Corr.[20]

Looking back, I enjoyed the album, [Oxygène 7–13] but after I finished it I knew that I had to make a fresh start. I had to go somewhere completely different. Metamorphoses is like a blank page for me, a new beginning.[10]
Jarre playing the laser harp in Helsinki

It was followed first in 2001 by Interior Music, created for use by the audio-visual company Bang & Olufsen, and which did not receive a commercial release. The same year he composed, with Francis Rimbert arrangements, the music for the short lived French channel Match TV, and contributed music to the soundtrack of the film Who wants to be a Star.

In 2002 he released Sessions 2000, a set of experimental synth-jazz pieces distinct from his previous work. Sessions was well received by Billboard Magazine, which said "He's created a deeply nuanced soundscape that invites repeated listening."[61] A concert in September 2002 at a wind farm near Aalborg in Denmark proved problematic when 22mm of rain fell on the venue, causing long delays for spectators.[62][63] It also marked a change in direction in Jarre's live concerts; from Rendez-vous Houston onwards he had been accompanied by a full complement of live musicians, but at Aalborg he was accompanied only by Francis Rimbert, and having guests like the Klarup Girls Choir, Safri Duo and the Aalborg Symphonic Orchestra.[62]

In 2003 he released Geometry of Love, commissioned by Jean-Roch as a soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France. It contains a mix of 'electro-chill' music, with touches of his more traditional style.[64] In October 2004 he returned to China to open its "Year of France" cultural exchange. Jarre gave two performances, the first at the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City, and the second in Tiananmen Square. More than 15,000 spectators watched the concert at the Meridian Gate, and each concert was transmitted live to television viewers across the country. Jarre collaborated with musician Chen Lin. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects.[65]

In September 2004, Jarre released AERO, both a DVD and a CD in one package. Purportedly the world's first album released for 5.1 systems, with it being fully "constructed" in 5.1 surround sound, it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from Oxygène and Équinoxe. Accompanying the audio, the DVD features a visual image of Anne Parillaud's eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album.[9][66] Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD.[67] The CD was mixed in super-stereo.

In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named Water for Life in Morocco, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the year of desertification in the world.[68] The performance was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of Merzouga, in the Sahara. A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists.[69]

Jarre released Téo & Téa on 26 March 2007.[70] He described the two computer-generated characters in the video clip of the title track as being "like twins", one female, one male. The album is supposed to describe the different stages of a loving relationship, and explores the idea that the length of such relationships is unpredictable. Its release demonstrated a move away from virtual instruments and computers that Jarre had been using up to that point; he instead chose to use a simplified range of devices, including several new prototype instruments. The album's cover was inspired by the David Lynch film Wild at Heart.[66]

Jean-Michel Jarre playing an AX-Synth during his IN>DOORS tour

In August 2007 Jarre signed for EMI France. He released an anniversary package containing a special live recording of his classic work, Oxygène, in 3D DVD, live CD and normal 2D DVD formats in November 2007, named Oxygène: New Master Recording. A first for Jarre, the album was recorded live, without tape or hard disk playback, with help from Francis Rimbert, Claude Samard, and Dominique Perrier. The album also contains three extra tracks not found on either the original or remake, which form links between the main movements. Jarre plans to integrate the original analog synthesizers from Oxygène into his next album, and is building a new private recording studio on the outskirts of Paris.[11] In the same year Disques Dreyfus released The Complete Oxygène, containing the original versions of Oxygène and Oxygène 7–13, and remixes of tracks from Oxygène 7–13.[71]

… there are several Eminent String Machines that make up one of the main Oxygene string sounds. Having four of us meant I had to multiply the number of instruments, and finding the equipment was quite a headache, especially as I tried, as much as I could, to avoid using instruments produced after Oxygène. There are one or two exceptions but 95 percent of the instruments are of that time. For me it was really important for the radicalism of the process.[11]

Jarre performed 10 concerts (Oxygène Live) in Paris, from 12–26 December 2007, held in the Théâtre Marigny, a small 1000-seat theatre in the Champs-Élysées. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Oxygène, in theatres in Europe. Following one such performance at the Royal Albert Hall Jarre met Brian May, who proposed he create a concert in Tenerife for the International Year of Astronomy,[72] but a lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place.[73]

In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the World Sky Race,[74] and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy.[75] In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe.[76]

2010s

On 1 March 2010, Jean-Michel Jarre started the second leg of his 2009–10 Indoors tour; on 10 June, he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Mojo magazine.[77]

On 30 May 2011, Essentials & Rarities, double CD set, was released. This was the last Jarre work to be released by Disques Dreyfus. The Essentials disc is a compilation of some of his most famous works. The Rarities disc includes pieces recorded in the years prior to the release of Oxygène. After this release, Jarre recovered sole intellectual property rights over his work, which had previously been owned by Francis Dreyfus Music.

On 1 July 2011, Jarre performed a large-scale concert in Monaco to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert and his bride Charlene. During the last quarter of 2011 he concluded a tour schedule that had lasted for almost 3 years. He used the same format for a later concert at Carthage during the city's 2013 musical festival.

In June 2013, Jarre was elected as president of the Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs (CISAC)[78]

In Spring 2015, Jarre released the first music from a new studio album, released in October 2015, following around four years of work.[79] The album, Electronica 1: The Time Machine (working title: E-Project),[80] comprises a number of collaborations with a number of other artists. The first of these to be released was the collaboration with Gesaffelstein entitled Conquistador, followed by Glory, with M83. The track was also featured as part of the soundtrack of a short film entitled EMIC.[81] Other collaborations on the album include Zero Gravity, with the late Edgar Froese and Tangerine Dream (with a remix by Above and Beyond); Vince Clarke for Automatic (parts 1 and 2);[82] Armin van Buuren for Stardust,[83] John Carpenter for "A Question Of Blood".,[84] Little Boots for If..! [85] and Pete Townshend for Travelator, Pt. 2. The album became Jarre's first album in over 25 years to make the UK Top 10 at #8.

In 2016, Electronica 2: The Heart of Noise was released with 15 more collaborators. Musicians like Pet Shop Boys, Hans Zimmer, Yello and Gary Numan are part of that album. One track (8 "Exit") includes speech by Edward Snowden.[86]

On 11 April 2016, it was revealed that Jarre is also currently working in collaboration with British virtual band Gorillaz.[87][88][89] He also composed during 2016 the soundtrack for the French news network France Info.[90]

On 30 September 2016, Jarre himself announced in Facebook a new album, called Oxygène 3, to be released on 2 December 2016, the 40th anniversary of Oxygène.

Personal life

Jarre is fluent in French and English and has been married three times. He was married to Flore Guillard from 20 January 1975 until 1977; their daughter Émilie Charlotte was born in 1975 (or 1976) and became a fashion model.[91][92] He met his second wife Charlotte Rampling at a dinner party in St Tropez in 1976.[92] Both were in failing marriages, but they each obtained a divorce (Rampling was married to New Zealander Bryan Southcombe).[93] The two married, Jarre gaining custody of his daughter Émilie Charlotte,[92] and Rampling her son Barnaby. Together they have a son, David.

In 1995 photographs in Hello! magazine showed Jarre apparently romantically involved with 31-year-old secretary Odile Froument, and in 1996 Jarre and Rampling separated.[93][94] They divorced in 2002.[95] He had a brief relationship with Isabelle Adjani,[96] but married French actress Anne Parillaud in May 2005.[97] In November 2010 the couple announced their divorce.[98]

Jarre has a half-sister Stéphanie Jarre, from Maurice Jarre's other marriages.[25] His stepbrother, Kevin Jarre, died in 2011.[99] Although Maurice and Jean-Michel remained estranged, following Maurice's death in 2009 Jarre paid tribute to his legacy.[100] Jarre said about his father:

My father and I never really achieved a real relationship. We probably saw each other 20 or 25 times in our lifetime. When you are able, at my age, to count the times you have seen your father, it says something... I think it's better to have conflict, or, if you have a parent who dies, you grieve, but the feeling of absence is very difficult to fill, and it took me a while to absorb that.[4]

Public engagement

On 5 October 2016, Jarre was announced to be part of the advisory panel of the political party Democracy in Europe Movement 2025.[101]

Large concerts

Date Audience Place Event Note
14 July 1979 1 million France Place de la Concorde celebrating Bastille Day 1st entry in the Guinness Book of Records for largest outdoor concert crowd.[29][102]
5 April 1986 1.5 million United States Houston celebration of the 150th anniversary of Texas, and 25th anniversary of NASA 2nd entry in the Guinness Book of Records.[2][28][103]
5 October 1986 0.8 million France Lyon The visit of Pope John Paul II to Jarre's hometown of Lyon was celebrated by this event.
8, 9 October 1988 0.2 million United Kingdom London Large outdoor concert titled "Destination Docklands" performed in London's docklands. Noted for its planning difficulties and poor weather
14 July 1990 2.5 million France Paris la Defense celebration of the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution 1789–1989 3rd entry in the Guinness Book of Records.[2][48][104]
14 July 1995 1.25 million France Eiffel Tower UNESCO's 50th birthday and UNESCO'S proclaimed year of tolerance Originally intended to take place at Les Invalides, but changed at short notice. Was originally announced as the first of a series of Concerts For Tolerance. Only the Paris concert took place.
6 September 1997 3.5 million Russia Moscow Jarre was invited for a concert celebrating the 850th birthday of Moscow 4th entry in the Guinness Book of Records (equalled with Rod Stewart's 1994 Copacabana concert).
14 July 1998 0.8 million France Eiffel Tower Bastille Day "Electronic Night", featuring Jarre performing with numerous dance artists, playing heavily remixed versions of Jarre's music
31 December 1999 0.1 million Egypt Giza Plateau New Millenium "The Twelve Dreams of the Sun", celebrating the 7th millennium of Egypt, and part of the worldwide celebrations for the year 2000.

Honours

An asteroid, 4422 Jarre, has been named in his honour.[124] He is an honorary citizen of Gdansk.[125]

Discography

As of 2004, Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums.[126]

Studio albums

Filmography, soundtracks, documentaries

Jarre composed for movies but he also took part in documentaries.[127]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Sleeman, Taylor & Francis 2003, p. 809.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Making the Steamroller Fly (DVD), Image Entertainment, 4 November 2003
  3. ↑ Jarre, Jean-Michel, End of First Week, retrieved 10 March 2010
  4. 1 2 3 Stuart, Julia (23 August 2004), Jean-Michel Jarre: Smooth operator, independent.co.uk, retrieved 15 March 2009
  5. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 13
  6. ↑ Remilleux 1988, p. 12
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hughes & Reader 2003, p. 303
  8. 1 2 Remilleux 1998, p. 16
  9. 1 2 Hodgkinson, Will (17 September 2004), Sensual Healing, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 20 June 2009
  10. 1 2 3 Scott, Danny (17 August 2001), Jean-Michel Jarre – the Godfather speaks, jarreuk.info & Future Music, retrieved 23 June 2009
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Flint, Tom (February 2008), Jean-Michel Jarre – 30 Years of Oxygene, soundonsound.com, retrieved 28 May 2009
  12. 1 2 Brown, Jonathan (18 February 2008), Jean-Michel Jarre: Toujours Jarre, independent.co.uk, archived from the original on 6 October 2010
  13. 1 2 Snider 2008, p. 257
  14. ↑ Bos, Christian (28 November 2007), "Synthesizer sind etwas Sinnliches" — Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger (in German), ksta.de, retrieved 28 May 2009
  15. 1 2 Thévenin, Patrick (3 May 2012), Synth-Aesthesia: Jean-Michel Jarre's Favorite Keys, redbullmusicacademy.com, retrieved 5 May 2012
  16. 1 2 Remilleux 1988, p. 27
  17. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 17
  18. ↑ Bourges – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 22 June 2009
  19. ↑ Remilleux, p. 18
  20. 1 2 3 Profile, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 22 June 2009
  21. 1 2 Green, Thomas H. (27 March 2008), Oxygène: ba-boo-boo beew, telegraph.co.uk, retrieved 14 March 2009
  22. ↑ Hennessey 1978, p. 7
  23. ↑ Kahn & Way 1977, p. 36
  24. ↑ Canada, Library and Archives (17 July 2013). "Image : RPM Weekly".
  25. 1 2 Jenkins 2007, p. 159
  26. 1 2 3 4 Warwick, Brown & Kutner 2004, pp. 558–559
  27. ↑ Colin Larkin, ed. (17 November 2006), Jarre, Jean-Michel – Equinoxe (Registration required), Oxford Music Online, retrieved 30 May 2009
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 August, Marilyn (18 April 1986), Frenchman turns Houston into giant stage, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. 29, retrieved 28 May 2009
  29. 1 2 Remilleux 1998, p. 57
  30. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 48
  31. ↑ Francis Rimbert – Biography, Intro, etc, francisrimbert.com, 2004, archived from the original on 11 March 2009, retrieved 23 June 2009
  32. 1 2 Way, Michael (11 July 1981), Jarre off to China to Map Autumn Tour, Billboard Magazine, p. 59, retrieved 23 June 2009
  33. 1 2 3 Remilleux 1998, p. 35
  34. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 68
  35. 1 2 "Jean-Michel Jarre.com".
  36. 1 2 Remilleux 1998, pp. 74–75
  37. ↑ China Is Exposed To Laser Rock, nytimes.com, 22 October 1981, retrieved 22 June 2009
  38. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 77
  39. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 32
  40. ↑ Zoolook sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1984
  41. ↑ Jenkins 2007, p. 161
  42. 1 2 Portico & Matlock 2008, p. 86
  43. ↑ Remilleux 1998, p. 93
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Oxygène Live in Concert 2008, Hill Shorter Ltd (printer), 2008, pp. 10–11
  45. 1 2 Thames extravaganza threatened by fears, Ocala Star-Banner, 11 September 1988, retrieved 15 June 2011
  46. 1 2 3 4 Jean-Michel Jarre Destination Docklands (VHS), Francis Dreyfus Music, 1989
  47. ↑ People in the News, Eugene Register-Guard, 30 September 1988, retrieved 15 June 2011
  48. 1 2 Matthews 1994, p. 169
  49. 1 2 Chronologie & Europe in Concert Interview (Part 1 of 3) – Jean-Michel Jarre, youtube.com, 1993, retrieved 20 June 2009
  50. ↑ Chronologie sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1991
  51. ↑ Europe in Concert – 1993, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 20 June 2009
  52. ↑ Holland, Fiona (12 March 1994), Laser show wows stadium crowd, Hong Kong Standard, p. 1
  53. ↑ Concert For Tolerance – 1995, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 23 June 2009
  54. ↑ LeGrand, Emmanuel (23 March 1996), Jarre Creates an 'Online Space', Billboard Magazine, p. 46, retrieved 23 June 2009
  55. 1 2 McCormack, Neil (22 February 1997), Give me that old-time synthesiser music, telegraph.co.uk, retrieved 20 June 2009
  56. ↑ Oxygène 7–13 sleeve notes, Francis Dreyfus Music and Jean-Michel Jarre, 1997
  57. ↑ Cacciottolo, Mario (28 March 2008), Jarre breathes again with Oxygene, news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 26 May 2009
  58. ↑ Guinness Book of Records, edition 1998
  59. 1 2 Wall, Mick (12 January 2008), The keys to my success: Jean-Michel Jarre, dailymail.co.uk, retrieved 20 June 2009
  60. ↑ Weber, Bruce (1 February 2000), THE YEAR 2000: THE ENTERTAINMENT; Around the World, Ancient and Modern Creations, nytimes.com, retrieved 22 June 2009
  61. ↑ Vleck, Philip van (1 November 2003), Michael Paoletta, ed., Jean-Michel Jarre – Sessions 2000, Billboard Magazine, p. 30, retrieved 23 June 2009
  62. 1 2 Aalborg – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, retrieved 23 June 2009
  63. ↑ Fans' fear at Danish concert, news.bbc.co.uk, 16 September 2002, retrieved 23 June 2009
  64. ↑ Discography – Studio Albums – Geometry of Love, jarreuk.info, retrieved 24 June 2009
  65. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre lights up China, news.bbc.co.uk, 11 October 2004, retrieved 15 March 2009
  66. 1 2 Jean-Michel Jarre Teo & Tea Interview, youtube.com, retrieved 19 June 2009
  67. ↑ BBC Breakfast News (0840), BBC, 16 September 2004
  68. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre celebrates "Water for Life" in the Sahara, portal.unesco.org, 19 December 2006, retrieved 27 May 2009
  69. ↑ Jarre 2007, pp. 38–40
  70. ↑ Téo & Téa, teo-tea.com, retrieved 23 June 2009
  71. ↑ The Complete Oxygene, dreyfusrecords.com, retrieved 24 June 2009
  72. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre: "The extraordinary landscapes of the Canary Islands are very inspiring to my music", iac.es, 14 July 2008, retrieved 10 December 2008
  73. ↑ Concierto en Canarias Cancelado (in Spanish), jeanmicheljarre.es, 9 April 2009, retrieved 11 August 2009
  74. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre becomes Artistic Director of the World Sky Race, portal.unesco.org, 25 February 2009, retrieved 26 May 2009
  75. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre acts as Master of Ceremonies for the Global Launch of the International Year of Astronomy (2009), portal.unesco.org, 1 May 2009, retrieved 23 June 2009
  76. ↑ Sullivan, Caroline (25 May 2009), Jean-Michel Jarre, guardian.co.uk, retrieved 20 June 2009
  77. ↑ "Latest Big Music News, Features & Stories | MOJO". Mojo4music.com. 2014-01-20. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  78. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre: "Il n'y a pas d'un côté les bad guys du web, de l'autre les artistes victimes"
  79. ↑ "Gesaffelstein & Jean-Michel Jarre Collaborate For 'Conquistador'". Harder Blogger Faster. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
  80. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre (2015-07-10). "The Pre-order for my new album is finally here!". Jean-Michel Jarre.
  81. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre : un album à l'horizon après hurt and d'absence" (in French).
  82. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre on Twitter".
  83. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre - Timeline - Facebook".
  84. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre Teams With John Carpenter". 3 August 2015.
  85. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre lädt zum Gipfeltreffen der Elektro-Szene" (in German).
  86. ↑ Alexis Petridis (15 April 2016). "Jean-Michel Jarre records with Edward Snowden – after the Guardian brings them together". London, United Kingdom: The Guardian. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  87. ↑ Young, Alex. "Work is well underway on Gorillaz's new album". Consequence of Sound. Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  88. ↑ Galbraith, Alex. "Gorillaz Tease Their Latest Foray Into The Studio And A New Album". Uproxx.com. Uproxx. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  89. ↑ "JAMIE HEWLETT TEASES GORILLAZ STUDIO FOOTAGE". Diymag.com. DIY Magazine. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  90. ↑ "Le nouveau logo de France Info". BLOG.lenodal.com (in French). Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  91. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre".
  92. 1 2 3 Boucher, Caroline (8 August 1993), How We Met: Jean-Michel Jarre and Charlotte Rampling, independent.co.uk, retrieved 26 May 2009
  93. 1 2 Lichfield, John (23 August 2003), Charlotte Rampling: Magnetic, depressed and creative — an actress of our times, independent.co.uk, retrieved 26 May 2009
  94. ↑ 20-year marriage over for Charlotte Rampling and Jean-Michel Jarre, Hello!, 21 June 1997, pp. 24–25
  95. ↑ Byrnes, Sholto (26 March 2005), Charlotte Rampling: In from the cold, independent.co.uk, retrieved 26 May 2009
  96. ↑ Adjani splits with unfaithful Jarre, contactmusic.com, 25 June 2004, retrieved 2 August 2009
  97. ↑ Frain, Par Irene (19 May 2005), Jean-Michel Jarre Anne Parillaud, Rebelles...et mariés (in French), Paris Match
  98. ↑ Torino-Gilles, Loïc (19 November 2010), Jean-Michel Jarre et Anne Parillaud, c’est fini! (in French), francesoir.fr, retrieved 19 November 2010
  99. ↑ Nelson, Valerie (22 April 2011), Kevin Jarre dies at 56; screenwriter of 'Glory' and 'Tombstone', latimes.com, retrieved 6 May 2011
  100. ↑ Rogers, Georgie (1 April 2009), Jarre pays tribute to late father, news.bbc.co.uk, retrieved 26 May 2009
  101. ↑ "Leading activists, artists, scholars and political figures take central role in DiEM25". opendemocracy.net. 5 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  102. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre: Making the Steamroller Fly In this bonus feature included with Jean-Michel Jarre's Oxygene Moscow VHS/DVD, director Aubrey Powell documents the legendary artist.
  103. ↑ Rendez-Vous Houston – A City in Concert (VHS), PolyGram Music Video, 1989
  104. ↑ Paris La Defense – A City in Concert (VHS), Genesis, 1992
  105. ↑ Crying all the way to the bank, guardian.co.uk, 10 January 2000, retrieved 20 June 2009
  106. ↑ Robertshaw & Jones 1978, p. 58
  107. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre Victoire de la Musique 1994
  108. ↑ Masson, Gordon (30 May 2000), Corrs to continue Jarre's IFPI role, Billboard Magazine, retrieved 12 June 2009
  109. ↑ Jean-Michel Jarre Titled Honorary Doctor of Mendeleyev University, russia-ic.com, 19 November 2008, retrieved 28 May 2009
  110. ↑ Почетные доктора >> Жан-Мишель Жарр (in Russian), muctr.ru, retrieved 28 May 2009
  111. ↑ Red Carpet Gallery: Honours List 2010, mojo4music.com, retrieved 10 June 2010
  112. ↑ MOJO Honours List 2010: The Winners Revealed!, mojo4music.com, retrieved 10 June 2010
  113. ↑ A Memorable Night, Jean-Michel Jarre, retrieved 12 June 2010
  114. ↑ Les Grand Prix 2010 (in French), SACEM, retrieved 29 November 2010
  115. ↑ Gran Ballo della Calvachina... (in Italian), Il Gazzettino, retrieved 18 April 2011
  116. ↑ Culture : les décorés du 14 juillet 2011 (in French), Louvre Pour Tous, retrieved 14 July 2011
  117. ↑ La promotion du 14 juillet de la Légion d'honneur (in French), Le Figaro, retrieved 14 July 2011
  118. ↑ El Claustro Universitario de las Artes otorga sus becas a los nuevos miembros honoríficos (in Spanish), Diario digital de la Universidad de Alcalá, retrieved 1 November 2012
  119. ↑ Aktuelles (in German), Der Steiger Award, retrieved 14 October 2013
  120. ↑ Xperia Access Q Awards – all the 2014 winners, Q Magazine, retrieved 22 October 2014
  121. ↑ LA DISTINCTION NUMÉRIQUE, retrieved 16 December 2014
  122. ↑ Video by lappoms, retrieved 16 December 2014
  123. ↑ Les Hommes De L'Anne, GQ Magazine, retrieved 19 November 2015
  124. ↑ (4422) Jarre, cfa-www.harvard.edu, 4 October 1990, retrieved 5 May 2009
  125. ↑ "Polonia: independencia con incidentes". Orbe.perfil.com. 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  126. ↑ Disques Dreyfus Announces the American Release of 'The Jean-Michel Jarre Collection', dreyfusrecords.com, 17 February 2004, archived from the original on 13 February 2008, retrieved 5 May 2012
  127. ↑ "Jean-Michel Jarre".
  128. ↑ "Le voyage d'Orphée".
Bibliography

External links

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