Kagayanen language

Kagayanen
Native to Philippines
Region eastern Palawan
Native speakers
 30,000 (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 cgc
Glottolog kaga1256[2]

The Kagayanen language is spoken in the province of Palawan in the Philippines.

Sounds

Kagayanen consonant phonemes[3]
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop pb td kg ʔ
Fricative s (h)
Approximant
(Lateral)		 ð̞ j w
l
Rhotic r

[h] occurs only in loan words, proper names, or in words that have [h] in the cognates of neighboring languages.[4] Outside of loanwords, /d/ becomes [r] between vowels.[5]

Comparative and historical evidence suggests that /ð̞/ and /l/ were in complementary distribution before a split occurred with pressure from contact with English, Spanish, and Tagalog.[6]

Vowels of Kagayanen[7]
Front Central Back
Close i ə u
Open a

/i/ ranges between [i] and [e], except in unstressed syllables (as well as before consonant clusters) where it lowers to [ɪ] or [ɛ].[8] Similarly, /u/ lowers to [ʊ] in unstressed syllables, before consonant clusters, and word-finally. It is otherwise [u].[9]

Notes

  1. ↑ Kagayanen at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Kagayanen". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Olson et al. (2010:206)
  4. ↑ Olson et al. (2010:206), citing MacGregor (1995:365)
  5. ↑ Olson et al. (2010:207)
  6. ↑ Olson et al. (2010:207–209)
  7. ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007)
  8. ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007:845)
  9. ↑ Olson & Mielke (2007:847)

References

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