List of extraterrestrial orbiters
List of extraterrestrial orbiters is a listing of spacecraft that achieved an extraterrestrial orbit.
Sun
See List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit
Mercury
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
MESSENGER | ![]() |
18 March 2011 | Deliberately crashed into surface 30 April 2015. Impact probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček. | First Mercury orbiter |
Venus
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Venera 9 | ![]() |
22 October 1975 | First Venus orbiter | |
Venera 10 | ![]() |
23 October 1975 | ||
Pioneer Venus Orbiter | ![]() |
4 December 1978 | Contact lost 8 October 1992; atmospheric entry disintegration on 22 October 1992. | |
Venera 15 | ![]() |
10 October 1983 | Contact lost July 1984 | |
Venera 16 | ![]() |
11 October 1983 | Contact lost July 1984 | |
Magellan | ![]() |
7 August 1990 | Deliberately deorbited into Venus' atmosphere. Contact lost 13 October 1994. | |
Venus Express | ![]() |
11 April 2006 | Mission ended December 2014 | |
Akatsuki | ![]() |
7 December 2015 | Active | |
Moon
![](../I/m/Apollo_17_Command_Module_AS17-145-22261HR.jpg)
The Apollo 17 CSM seen in lunar orbit from the ascent stage of the Lunar Module
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Luna 10[1] | ![]() |
3 April 1966 | Contact lost 30 May 1966 | First extraterrestrial orbiter |
Lunar Orbiter 1 | ![]() |
14 August 1966 | Impacted lunar surface 29 October 1966 | First U.S. extraterrestrial orbiter |
Luna 11[2] | ![]() |
27 August 1966 | 1 October 1966 | |
Luna 12 | ![]() |
25 October 1966 | 19 January 1967 | |
Lunar Orbiter 2 | ![]() |
Launched 6 November 1966 | Impacted lunar surface 11 October 1967 | |
Lunar Orbiter 3 | ![]() |
8 February 1967 | Impacted lunar surface 9 October 1967 | |
Lunar Orbiter 4 | ![]() |
Launched 4 May 1967 | Contact lost 17 July 1967, impacted lunar surface 6 October 1967 | |
Explorer 35 | ![]() |
Launched 19 July 1967 | Deactivated 24 June 1973; impacted lunar surface in the middle to late 1970s | |
Lunar Orbiter 5 | ![]() |
5 August 1967 | Deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 January 1968 | |
Luna 14 | ![]() |
10 April 1968 | ||
Luna 19 | ![]() |
2 October 1971 | Mission terminated 20 October 1972 | |
Explorer 49 | ![]() |
Launched 10 June 1973 | Contact lost August 1977 | |
Luna 22 | ![]() |
2 June 1974 | Mission terminated November 1975 | |
Apollo 8 | ![]() |
Launched 21 December 1968; entered orbit after 69 hrs | Left orbit after 10 orbits; splashdown on Earth | First manned lunar orbit |
Apollo 10 | ![]() |
Launched 18 May 1969 | Left orbit 26 May 1969 | |
Apollo 11 | ![]() | |||
Apollo 12 | ![]() | |||
Apollo 14 | ![]() | |||
Apollo 15 | ![]() | |||
Apollo 15 subsatellite (PFS-1) | ![]() | |||
Apollo 16 | ![]() | |||
Apollo 16 subsatellite (PFS-2) | ![]() | |||
Apollo 17 | ![]() | |||
Hiten and Hagoromo | ![]() |
Hiten: 15 February 1993 | Hiten was deliberately deorbited and impacted the lunar surface 10 April 1993 | First Japanese lunar orbiter |
Clementine | ![]() |
Launched 25 January 1994 | Left lunar orbit and entered heliocentric orbit; contact lost June 1994 | |
Lunar Prospector | ![]() |
Launched 7 January 1998 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 31 July 1999 | |
SMART-1 | ![]() |
11 November 2004 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 3 September 2006 | |
SELENE (Kaguya, Okina & Ouna) | ![]() |
3 October 2007 | Deliberately deorbited; impacted lunar surface 10 June 2009 | |
Chang'e 1 | ![]() |
5 November 2007 | Deliberately deorbited 1 March 2009; impacted the Moon's surface. | First Chinese lunar orbiter |
Chang'e 2 | ![]() |
6 October 2010 | Left lunar orbit 8 June 2011; currently in deep-space orbit | |
Chandrayaan-1 | ![]() |
8 November 2008 | Contact lost 29 August 2009 | First Indian lunar orbiter |
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter[3] | ![]() |
23 June 2009 | Active | |
ARTEMIS[4] | ![]() |
2 July 2011 / 17 July 2011 | Active | |
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) | ![]() |
31 December 2011 / 1 January 2012 | Both spacecraft were deliberately deorbited and impacted on the lunar surface 17 December 2012 | |
LADEE | ![]() |
6 October 2013 | Deliberately deorbited 18 April 2014 | |
Chang'e 3 | ![]() |
6 December 2013 | Landed on lunar surface 14 December 2013 | First Chinese lunar landing |
Chang'e 5-T1 | ![]() |
13 January 2015 | Active |
Mars
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mariner 9 | ![]() |
14 November 1971 | Deactivated 27 October 1972. In derelict orbit around Mars, expected to decay no sooner than 2022.[5] | First spacecraft to orbit another planet |
Mars 2 orbiter | ![]() |
27 November 1971 [6] | Mission terminated 22 August 1972; spacecraft in derelict orbit | First Soviet spacecraft to orbit Mars |
Mars 3 orbiter | ![]() |
2 December 1971[6] | ||
Mars 5 orbiter[7] | ![]() |
12 February 1974 | ||
Viking 1 orbiter | ![]() |
19 June 1976 | Mission terminated 17 August 1980, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit. | |
Viking 2 orbiter | ![]() |
7 August 1976 | Mission terminated 25 July 1978, spacecraft in derelict high altitude orbit. | |
Phobos 2[8] | ![]() |
29 January 1989 | Contact lost 27 March 1989 | |
Mars Global Surveyor | ![]() |
11 September 1997 | Contact lost 2 November 2006; mission officially ended January 2007 | |
2001 Mars Odyssey | ![]() |
24 October 2001 | Active | Longest-surviving, continuously active spacecraft in orbit around another planet |
Mars Express | ![]() |
20 December 2003 | Active | |
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter | ![]() |
10 March 2006 | Active | |
MAVEN | ![]() |
22 September 2014 | Active | |
Mars Orbiter Mission | ![]() |
24 September 2014 | Active | India's first interplanetary mission |
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter | ![]() |
October 2016 | Active | Carried Schiaparelli EDM lander |
Minor planets and comets
Mission | Country/Agency | Object | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NEAR Shoemaker | ![]() |
433 Eros | 14 February 2000 (Valentine's Day) | Landed 12 February 2001 on the surface of Eros. | First spacecraft to orbit an asteroid |
Dawn | ![]() |
4 Vesta | 16 July 2011 | Left Vesta orbit 5 September 2012 | |
Dawn | ![]() |
Ceres | 9 March 2015 | Active | First spacecraft to achieve orbit around two separate objects and to orbit a dwarf planet. |
Rosetta | ![]() |
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | 6 August 2014 | Active | First spacecraft to orbit a comet. Philae lander module successfully landed on 12 November 2014 |
Jupiter
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Galileo | ![]() |
8 December 1995 | Intentionally deorbited and incinerated in Jupiter's atmosphere 21 September 2003 | First Jupiter orbiter |
Juno | ![]() |
4 July 2016 | Active |
Saturn
Mission | Country/Agency | Orbital insertion | Current Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cassini-Huygens | ![]() ![]() |
1 July 2004 | Active | First Saturn orbiter |
References
- ↑ NSSDC - Luna 10
- ↑ NSSDC - Luna 11
- ↑ Where is LRO?
- ↑ Hendrix, Susan. "Second ARTEMIS Spacecraft Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit". The Sun-Earth Connection: Heliophysics. NASA.
- ↑ NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9, November 29, 2011 — Vol. 4, Issue 9
- 1 2 NASA Mars log
- ↑ Historic Spacecraft - Mars Probes
- ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica Fobos 1F
See also
- Lunar orbit
- Circumlunar trajectory
- List of asteroids visited by spacecraft
- List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
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