List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies

This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the Solar System, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts. The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbital decay.

For a list of all planetary missions, including orbiters and flybys, see List of Solar System probes.

Landings

Colour key:

– Successful soft landing with intelligible data return. The tannish hue indicates extraterrestrial soil.

– Successful soft landing, intelligible data return, and sample return to Earth. The greenish hue indicates terrestrial return.

– Successful soft landing, data/voice/video communication, sample return to Earth, and safe astronaut landing and return to Earth. All lunar astronaut landings have fulfilled the Kennedy challenge of a safe return to Earth.

Planets

Mercury

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
MESSENGER	United States	30 April 2015	Probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček	Intentionally crashed at end of mission.

Venus

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Venera 3	USSR	1 March 1966	Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° E	First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry.
Venera 4	USSR	18 October 1967	Estimated near 19°N 38°E / 19°N 38°E / 19; 38.^[1]	Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 5	USSR	16 May 1969	3°S 18°E / 3°S 18°E / -3; 18	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 6	USSR	17 May 1969	5°S 23°E / 5°S 23°E / -5; 23	Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 7	USSR	15 December 1970	5°S 351°E / 5°S 351°E / -5; 351	First successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes.
Venera 8	USSR	22 July 1972	Within 150 km radius of 10°42′S 335°15′E / 10.70°S 335.25°E / -10.70; 335.25	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes.
Venera 9 lander	USSR	22 October 1975	Within a 150 km radius of 31°01′N 291°38′E / 31.01°N 291.64°E / 31.01; 291.64	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface.
Venera 10 lander	USSR	25 October 1975	Within a 150 km radius of 15°25′N 291°31′E / 15.42°N 291.51°E / 15.42; 291.51	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes.
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe	USA	9 December 1978	Surviving "Day Probe" landed at 31°18′S 317°00′E / 31.3°S 317.0°E / -31.3; 317.0	One of four atmospheric probes survived impact and continued to transmit for 67 minutes.
Venera 12 lander	USSR	21 December 1978	7°S 294°E / 7°S 294°E / -7; 294	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes.
Venera 11 lander	USSR	25 December 1978	14°S 299°E / 14°S 299°E / -14; 299	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes.
Venera 13 lander	USSR	1 March 1982	7°30′S 303°00′E / 7.5°S 303°E / -7.5; 303	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 127 minutes.
Venera 14 lander	USSR	5 March 1982	13°15′S 310°00′E / 13.25°S 310°E / -13.25; 310	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Vega 1 lander	USSR	11 June 1985	7°12′N 177°48′E / 7.2°N 177.8°E / 7.2; 177.8	Soft landing; some instruments failed to return data.
Vega 2 lander	USSR	15 June 1985	7°08′S 177°40′E / 7.14°S 177.67°E / -7.14; 177.67	Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.

Mars

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Mars 2 lander	USSR	27 November 1971	45°S 30°W / 45°S 30°W / -45; -30	First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing.
Mars 3 lander	USSR	2 December 1971	45°S 158°W / 45°S 158°W / -45; -158	First soft landing on Mars. An attempt to receive clear images from surface failed.^[2] Sent signal for only 20 seconds after landing.
Mars 6 lander	USSR	12 March 1974	23°54′S 19°25′W / 23.90°S 19.42°W / -23.90; -19.42	Contact lost at landing.
Viking 1 lander	USA	20 July 1976	22°41′49″N 48°13′19″W / 22.697°N 48.222°W / 22.697; -48.222	Successful soft landing.
Viking 2 lander	USA	3 September 1976	48°16′08″N 134°00′36″E / 48.269°N 134.010°E / 48.269; 134.010	Successful soft landing.
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover	USA	4 July 1997	19°08′N 33°13′W / 19.13°N 33.22°W / 19.13; -33.22	First airbag landing on Mars and first Mars rover.
Mars Polar Lander	USA	3 December 1999		Contact lost prior to landing.
Beagle 2	UK/ ESA	25 December 2003	11°31′35″N 90°25′46″E / 11.5265°N 90.4295°E / 11.5265; 90.4295	Successful soft landing. No contact due to solar "petals" not deploying fully, blocking antenna.^[3]
MER-A 'Spirit'	USA	3 January 2004	14°34′18″S 175°28′43″E / 14.5718°S 175.4785°E / -14.5718; 175.4785	Mars rover. Contact lost 22 March 2010.
MER-B 'Opportunity'	USA	25 January 2004	1°56′46″S 5°31′36″W / 1.9462°S 5.5266°W / -1.9462; -5.5266	Mars rover.
Phoenix	USA	25 May 2008	68°13′08″N 125°44′57″W / 68.2188°N 125.7492°W / 68.2188; -125.7492	Landed in the north polar region, and investigated whether conditions there are suitable for life to have evolved.
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)	USA	6 August 2012	4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417	Mars Rover. Landed in Gale Crater.
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander	ESA RFSA	19 October 2016		Signal lost just before landing. Possible hard impact.

Jupiter

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Galileo atmospheric probe	USA	7 December 1995	Atmospheric probe of Jupiter. [Not a "landing," but an intentional impact with a planetary body.]
Galileo	USA	21 September 2003	Main craft was intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere. [Not a "landing," but an intentional impact with a planetary body.]

Planetary moons

Moon

Main article: Moon landings

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Luna 2	USSR	13 September 1959	29°06′N 0°00′E / 29.1°N -0°E / 29.1; -0	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 4	USA	26 April 1962	15°30′S 130°42′W / 15.5°S 130.7°W / -15.5; -130.7	Intentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system.
Ranger 6	USA	2 February 1964	9°24′N 21°30′E / 9.4°N 21.5°E / 9.4; 21.5	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 7	USA	31 July 1964	10°21′S 20°35′W / 10.35°S 20.58°W / -10.35; -20.58	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 8	USA	20 February 1965	2°43′N 24°37′E / 2.72°N 24.61°E / 2.72; 24.61	Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 9	USA	24 March 1965	12°50′S 2°22′W / 12.83°S 2.37°W / -12.83; -2.37	Intentional hard impact.
Luna 5	USSR	12 May 1965	31°S 8°W / 31°S 8°W / -31; -8	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 7	USSR	7 October 1965	9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W / 9.8; -47.8	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 8	USSR	6 December 1965	9°36′N 62°00′W / 9.6°N 62°W / 9.6; -62	Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 9	USSR	3 February 1966	7°08′N 64°22′W / 7.13°N 64.37°W / 7.13; -64.37	First successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface.
Surveyor 1	USA	2 June 1966	2°28′S 43°20′W / 2.47°S 43.33°W / -2.47; -43.33	Soft landing.
Surveyor 2	USA	23 September 1966		Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Lunar Orbiter 1	USA	29 October 1966		Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Luna 13	USSR	24 December 1966	18°52′N 62°3′W / 18.867°N 62.050°W / 18.867; -62.050	Soft landing.
Surveyor 3	USA	20 April 1967	3°01′41″S 23°27′30″W / 3.028175°S 23.458208°W / -3.028175; -23.458208	Soft landing. First lander visited by a later manned mission (Apollo 12).
Surveyor 4	USA	17 July 1967		Contact lost on descent.
Surveyor 5	USA	11 September 1967	1°28′N 23°12′E / 1.46°N 23.20°E / 1.46; 23.20	Soft landing.
Surveyor 6	USA	10 November 1967	0°29′N 1°24′W / 0.49°N 1.40°W / 0.49; -1.40	Soft landing.
Surveyor 7	USA	10 January 1968	40°52′S 11°28′W / 40.86°S 11.47°W / -40.86; -11.47	Soft landing.
Apollo 11	USA	20 July 1969	0°40′26.69″N 23°28′22.69″E / 0.6740806°N 23.4729694°E / 0.6740806; 23.4729694	First manned landing on extraterrestrial bodies.
Luna 15	USSR	21 July 1969		Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon.
Apollo 12	USA	18 November 1969	3°00′45″S 23°25′18″W / 3.012389°S 23.421569°W / -3.012389; -23.421569	Manned mission.
Apollo 13	USA	14 April 1970		S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from some other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner^[4])
Luna 16	USSR	20 September 1970	0°41′S 56°18′E / 0.683°S 56.300°E / -0.683; 56.300	First successful robotic sample return.
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1	USSR	17 November 1970	38°17′N 35°0′W / 38.283°N 35.000°W / 38.283; -35.000	Robotic lunar rover.
Apollo 14	USA	5 February 1971	3°38′43.08″S 17°28′16.90″W / 3.6453000°S 17.4713611°W / -3.6453000; -17.4713611	Manned mission.
Apollo 15	USA	30 July 1971	26°7′55.99″N 3°38′1.90″E / 26.1322194°N 3.6338611°E / 26.1322194; 3.6338611 (Apollo 15 landing)	Manned mission; lunar rover.
Luna 18	USSR	11 September 1971		Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing.
Luna 20	USSR	21 February 1972	3°32′N 56°33′E / 3.533°N 56.550°E / 3.533; 56.550	Robotic sample return.
Apollo 16	USA	21 April 1972	8°58′22.84″S 15°30′0.68″E / 8.9730111°S 15.5001889°E / -8.9730111; 15.5001889	Manned mission; lunar rover.
Apollo 17	USA	7 December 1972	20°11′26.88″N 30°46′18.05″E / 20.1908000°N 30.7716806°E / 20.1908000; 30.7716806 (Apollo 17 landing)	Manned mission; lunar rover. Last manned landing on extraterrestrial bodies to date.
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2	USSR	8 January 1973	25°51′N 30°27′E / 25.850°N 30.450°E / 25.850; 30.450	Robotic lunar rover.
Luna 23	USSR	6 November 1974		Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing.
Luna 24	USSR	18 August 1976	12°45′N 62°12′E / 12.750°N 62.200°E / 12.750; 62.200	Robotic sample return.
Hiten	Japan	10 April 1993		Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Lunar Prospector	USA	31 July 1999	87°42′S 42°06′E / 87.7°S 42.1°E / -87.7; 42.1	Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected).
SMART-1	ESA	3 September 2006		Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe	ISRO	14 November 2008		Impactor.
SELENE Rstar (Okina)	Japan	12 February 2009		Lunar orbiter, casually crashed at end of mission.
Chang'e 1	China	1 March 2009		Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Kaguya	Japan	10 June 2009		Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
LCROSS (Centaur)	USA	9 October 2009	84°40′30″S 48°43′30″W / 84.675°S 48.725°W / -84.675; -48.725 84°43′44″S 49°21′36″W / 84.729°S 49.360°W / -84.729; -49.360	Impactors. Water found.
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)	USA	9 October 2009		Impactors. Water found.
Chang'e 3	China	14 December 2013	44°07′N 19°31′W / 44.12°N 19.51°W / 44.12; -19.51	First soft landing on moon since 1976, lunar rover.

Moons of Mars

Phobos

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Phobos 2	USSR	Feb. 1989 (planned)		Phobos landing was unsuccessful

Moons of Saturn

Titan

Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Huygens probe	ESA	14 January 2005	10°17′37″S 163°10′39″E / 10.2936°S 163.1775°E / -10.2936; 163.1775	Titan floating lander. Successful soft landing. Transmitted data for 90 minutes following landing.

Other bodies

Asteroids, comets, other natural satellites, other bodies

Asteroids

Body	Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Notes
Eros (asteroid)	NEAR Shoemaker	USA	12 February 2001	Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days.
Itokawa (asteroid)	Hayabusa	Japan	19 November 2005	Accidentally stayed for 30 min.
Itokawa (asteroid)	Hayabusa	Japan	25 November 2005	Stayed for 1 sec. Sample return (very small amount of dust successfully returned to Earth).

Comets

Body	Mission	Country/Agency	Date of landing/impact	Coordinates	Notes
Comet 9P/Tempel 1	Deep Impact	USA	4 July 2005		Impactor.
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Rosetta	ESA	12 November 2014		Philae lander. Successful soft landing.

References

↑ Brian Harvey (2007). Russian planetary exploration. Springer. pp. 98–101. ISBN 0-387-46343-7.
↑ "Mars 3". Retrieved 2010-05-28.
↑ "Lost Beagle2 probe found 'intact' on Mars", BBC News, 16th January 2015
↑ "The Sky is Falling", NASA, April 28, 2006

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