List of shortest-lived sovereign states

This is a list of the shortest-lived sovereign states.

Legend

  Current or former United Nations member

  Widely recognized, but not a UN member

  Limited recognition

  No recognition

List

Short and formal names	Declared	Dissolved	Lifespan	Predecessors	Successors	Notes
Russia – Russian Democratic Federative Republic	January 19, 1918		0 days, 6 hours	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Abu Dhabi – Emirate of Abu Dhabi	December 1, 1971	December 2, 1971	1 day	Trucial States	United Arab Emirates
Ajman – Emirate of Ajman
Benin – Republic of Benin	September 19, 1967	September 20, 1967	1 day	Biafra	Nigeria	Puppet state of Biafra
Carpatho-Ukraine	March 15, 1939	March 16, 1939	1 day	Czechoslovakia	Kingdom of Hungary
Crimea – Republic of Crimea	May 5, 1992	May 6, 1992[1]	1 day	Ukraine
Crimea – Republic of Crimea	March 17, 2014	March 18, 2014[2][3]	1 day	Ukraine	Russia	Declared unilateral independence from Ukraine, which continues to claim it as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Recognized only by Russia.
Dubai – Emirate of Dubai	December 1, 1971	December 2, 1971	1 day	Trucial States	United Arab Emirates
Fujairah – Emirate of Fujairah
Galicia – Republic of Galicia	June 27, 1931	June 28, 1931	1 day	Kingdom of Spain	Second Spanish Republic
Republic of Puerto Rico	September 23, 1868	September 24, 1868	1 day	Kingdom of Spain		El Grito de Lares - diverse groups of people fighting together for the revolutionary change of Puerto Rican society.
Sharjah – Emirate of Sharjah	December 1, 1971	December 2, 1971	1 day	Trucial States	United Arab Emirates
Umm al-Quwain – Emirate of Umm al-Quwain
Faroe Islands	September 18, 1946	September 20, 1946	2 days	Kingdom of Denmark
Mindanao – Federal Republic of Mindanao	October 4, 1990	October 6, 1990	2 days	Philippines
Republic of Ploiești	August 8, 1870	August 9, 1870	2 days	Kingdom of Romania
State of Somaliland	June 26, 1960	July 1, 1960	5 days	British Somaliland	Somali Republic
Hungary – Hungarian People's Republic	August 2, 1919	August 8, 1919	6 days	Hungarian Soviet Republic	Hungarian Republic
Hunan Soviet	September 7, 1927	September 14, 1927	7 days	Republic of China		Created by Mao Zedong.
Prekmurje – Republic of Prekmurje	May 29, 1919	June 6, 1919	8 days	Austria-Hungary	Kingdom of Hungary
					Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
East Timor – Democratic Republic of East Timor	November 28, 1975	December 7, 1975	9 days	Portugal	Indonesia	Declared independence from Portugal, but was soon after joined to Indonesia. Independence restored on May 20, 2002.
Kruševo Republic – Republic of Kruševo	August 3, 1903	August 13, 1903	10 days	Ottoman Empire		Political entity proclaimed in 1903 by rebels from the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization in Kruševo during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.
Alsace-Lorraine – Republic of Alsace-Lorraine	November 10, 1918	November 22, 1918	12 days	German Empire	French Third Republic	The state was proclaimed when the sovereignty of the region was being transferred.
Connacht – Provisional Government of the Province of Connacht	August 27, 1798	September 8, 1798	12 days	Kingdom of Ireland		Recognized only by the French First Republic.
Western Bosnia – Republic of Western Bosnia	July 26, 1995	August 7, 1995	12 days	Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana	December 29, 1860	February 8, 1861	13 days	United States	Confederate States
Banat Republic	November 1, 1918	November 15, 1918	14 days	Austria-Hungary	Kingdom of Romania	Recognized only by Hungary.
					Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
State of Singapore[4]	August 31, 1963	September 16, 1963	17 days	Self-governance of Singapore	Singapore in Malaysia
Soviet Slovakia	June 16, 1919	July 7, 1919	21 days	Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovakia	Puppet state of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
				Hungarian Soviet Republic
Republic of Kuwait[5]	August 4, 1990	August 28, 1990	24 days	Kuwait	Ba'athist Iraq	Puppet state of Ba'athist Iraq.
Republic of Alba (1944)	October 10, 1944	November 2, 1944	24 days	Italian Social Republic		A local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II. The one of 20 Italian Partisan Republics
California Republic	June 14, 1846	July 9, 1846	25 days	Mexico	United States
Bremen Soviet Republic	January 10, 1919	February 4, 1919	25 days	Weimar Republic		The republic proclaimed by the workers of Bremen and Bremerhaven, in the context of the upsurge of the revolutionary struggle in Germany.[6] The revolutionary government in Bremerhaven were toppled 8–9 February 1919.
Bavarian Soviet Republic	April 6, 1919	May 3, 1919	27 days	Weimar Republic
Alabama Republic – Alabama Republic	January 11, 1861	February 8, 1861	28 days	United States	Confederate States
Florida – Republic of Florida	January 10, 1861		29 days
Texas – Republic of Texas	February 1, 1861	March 2, 1861	29 days
Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi	January 9, 1861	February 8, 1861	30 days
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs	October 29, 1918	December 1, 1918	33 days	Austria-Hungary	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
West Florida – Republic of West Florida	September 23, 1810	October 27, 1810	34 days	Spanish West Florida	United States
Transcaucasian Federation – Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic	April 22, 1918	May 28, 1918	36 days	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic	First Republic of Armenia
					Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
					Democratic Republic of Georgia
Labin Republic	March 2, 1921	April 8, 1921	37 days	Kingdom of Italy
Biak-na-Bato – Republic of the Philippines	November 1, 1897	December 15, 1897	44 days	Spanish East Indies
				Sovereign Tagalog Nation	First Philippine Republic
Republic of Ossola	September 8, 1944	October 23, 1944	45 days	Italian Social Republic		A local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II. The one of 20 Italian Partisan Republics
Democratic Republic of Yemen	May 21, 1994	July 7, 1994	47 days	Yemen
Palmetto Republic – Republic of South Carolina	December 20, 1860	February 8, 1861	50 days	United States	Confederate States
Land of Iceland – Kingdom of Island	June 26, 1809	August 22, 1809	58 days	Denmark		Danish adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen managed to arrest the governor and proclaimed himself Protector of Iceland, promising that he would reinstate the Althing as soon as the Icelandic people were able to govern themselves.
Inner Mongolian People's Republic	September 9, 1945	November 6, 1945	58 days	Soviet occupation of Manchuria	Communist-controlled China (1927–49)
Mali Federation	June 20, 1960	August 20, 1960	62 days	French Senegal, French Sudan	Senegal, Mali
Saskatchewan – Provisional Government of Saskatchewan	March 19, 1885	May 20, 1885	62 days	Canada
Bangsamoro Republik – United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik	July 27, 2013	September 28, 2013	64 days	Philippines
Commune of the Working People of Estonia	November 29, 1918	February 1, 1919	65 days	Estonia		Puppet state of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic during the Estonian War of Independence. Officially disestablished later in exile, on 5 June 1919.
United Baltic Duchy	September 22, 1918	November 28, 1918	67 days	German Empire	Latvian Provisional Government Estonia	Client state of the German Empire
Spanish Haiti – Republic of Spanish Haiti	November 30, 1821	February 9, 1822	71 days	Santo Domingo	Ozama and the Cibao
Soviet Republic of Naissaar – Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar	December 17, 1917	February 26, 1918	72 days	Russian Soviet Republic	Ober Ost	A Soviet Republic on a tiny Estonian island in the aftermath of the October Revolution and during the time of dual power in the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
Ras al-Khaimah – Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah	December 1, 1971	February 11, 1972	72 days	Trucial States	United Arab Emirates
Lower California – Republic of Baja California	November 3, 1853	January 21, 1854	79 days	Mexico	Republic of Sonora
Komancza Republic	November 4, 1918	January 23, 1919	80 days	Austria-Hungary	Second Polish Republic
The Great Republic of Rough and Ready	April 7, 1850	July 4, 1850	88 days	USA		The town Rough and Ready declared its secession from the Union as "the Great Republic of Rough and Ready" in 1850, largely to avoid mining taxes, but voted to rejoin the Union the following year.[7]
Rauracian Republic	December 17, 1792	March 23, 1793	96 days	Prince-Bishopric of Basel	French Republic	Client state of France.
Vemerana – Republic of Vemerana	May 28, 1980	September 1, 1980	96 days	New Hebrides	Vanuatu	Recognized only by France.
Azawad – Independent State of Azawad	April 6, 2012	July 12, 2012	97 days	Mali
Tanna – Nation of Tanna	May 24, 1974	June 29, 1974	97 days	New Hebrides
Finland – Finnish Democratic Republic	December 1, 1939	March 12, 1940	102 days	Finland	Soviet Union	Recognized only by the Soviet Union. Incorporated in 1940 as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic.
Zanzibar – People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba	January 12, 1964	April 26, 1964	104 days	Sultanate of Zanzibar	Tanzania	Recognized by most Eastern Bloc states.
Juliana Republic	July 24, 1839	November 15, 1839	114 days	Empire of Brazil
Moldavian Republic – Moldavian Democratic Republic	December 15, 1917	April 9, 1918	115 days	Russian Republic	Kingdom of Romania
Sonora – Republic of Sonora	January 10, 1854	May 8, 1854	118 days	Lower California	Mexico
				Mexico
Hungary – Hungarian State	April 14, 1849	August 13, 1849	121 days	Hungarian Kingdom	Hungarian Kingdom
Hungary – Hungarian People's Republic	November 16, 1918	March 21, 1919	125 days	Hungarian Kingdom	Hungarian Soviet Republic
Mirdita – Republic of Mirdita	July 17, 1921	November 20, 1921	126 days	Principality of Albania		Recognized only by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Republic of Užice	July 28, 1941	December 1 1941	129 days	Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Axis occupation of Serbia
Soviet Hungary – Hungarian Soviet Republic	March 21, 1919	August 1, 1919	133 days	Hungarian People's Republic
Texas – Republic of Texas	April 6, 1813	August 18, 1813	134 days	New Spain
Parthenopean Republic	January 21 1799	June 13 1799	143 days	Kingdom of Naples		Recognized only by the French First Republic and Puppet state of the French First Republic
Roman Republic (19th century)	February 9, 1849	July 2, 1849	144 days	Papal States		One of Italian revolutionary state in 1848-49.
Syria – Arab Kingdom of Syria	March 8, 1920	July 24, 1920	138 days	Occupied Enemy Territory Administration	State of Aleppo
					State of Damascus
					Jabal Druze State
Ezo – Republic of Ezo	January 27, 1869	June 27, 1869	151 days	Tokugawa Shogunate	Empire of Japan	Recognized by France and the United Kingdom.
Formosa – Democratic State of Taiwan	May 23, 1895	October 21, 1895	151 days	Qing Dynasty	Empire of Japan
Hutsul Republic	January 8, 1919	June 11, 1919	154 days	Austria-Hungary	Czechoslovakia
					West Ukrainian People's Republic
Cabinda – Republique du Kabinda	August 1, 1975	January 4, 1976	156 days	Cabinda Province	Angola
Arab Federation	January 1, 1958	July 30, 1958	169 days	Kingdom of Iraq	Iraqi Republic
				Jordan
Zimbabwe Rhodesia – Republic of Zimbabwe Rhodesia	June 1, 1979	December 12, 1979	194 days	Rhodesia	Southern Rhodesia
Dubrovnik Republic (1991)	15 October 1991	4 May 1992	202 days	Croatia
Hungary – Hungarian Republic	August 8, 1919	February 29, 1920	205 days	Hungarian People's Republic	Kingdom of Hungary
SSR Abkhazia – Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia	May 21, 1921	December 16, 1921	209 days	Democratic Republic of Georgia	Soviet Union
Tafea – Tafea Nation	February 14, 1958	August 2, 1958	211 days	New Hebrides	Vanuatu
Genoa – Republic of Genoa	April 26, 1814	January 7, 1815	211 days	First French Empire	Kingdom of Sardinia
Political Committee of National Liberation	10 March 1944	9 October 1944	214 days	Hellenic State (1941–44)	Kingdom of Greece
Freistaat Schwenten	January 5, 1919	August 10, 1919	218 days	German Empire	Weimar Republic	After the 1st World war the townsfolk of Schwenten took their fate into their own hands, the inhabitants of Schwenten declared their independence — and their neutrality. When it became clear that Schwenten would remain part of Germany, the state disbanded itself on 10 August 1919, declaring itself part of Germany. This only took effect on 9 June 1920, when the Treaty of Versailles came into force.[8]
Markovo Republic	October 31, 1905	June 18, 1906	231 days	Russian Empire		One of about 14 local authorities, who founded the first Russian Revolution of 1905.
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia	March 8, 1918	November 8, 1918	245 days	German Empire	Latvian Provisional Government	Client state of the German Empire
Ukraine – Ukrainian State	April 29, 1918	December 14, 1918	249 days	Ukrainian People's Republic	Directorate of Ukraine
Bagysstan – Independent Bagys-Kazakh Republic	December 30, 2001	September 9, 2002	254 days	Uzbekistan	Kazakhstan	A period of a territorial dispute between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: the Uzbek village of Kazakh residents declaring independence, in September after the national agreement village for compensation becomes a Kazakh territory
Lithuania – Kingdom of Lithuania	February 16, 1918	November 9, 1918	266 days	German Empire	Lithuania	Client state of the German Empire
West Ukraine – West Ukrainian People's Republic	October 18, 1918	July 17, 1919	272 days	Austria-Hungary	First Czechoslovak Republic
					Second Polish Republic
					Kingdom of Romania
					Ukrainian People's Republic
Goshen – State of Goshen	October 24, 1882	August 6, 1883	286 days	No predecessor	United States of Stellaland
White Ruthenian Democratic Republic – Belarusian People's Republic	March 25, 1918	January 5, 1919	286 days	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic	Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic	The Rada of the BDR is the oldest existing government in exile.
					Second Polish Republic
					Ukrainian People's Republic
Acre – Third Republic of Acre	January 27, 1903	November 11, 1903	288 days	Bolivia	Brazil
Rio Grande – Republic of the Río Grande	January 17, 1840	November 6, 1840	294 days	Mexico	Mexico
					Republic of Texas
United States of Belgium	January 11, 1790	December 2, 1790	325 days	Habsburg Monarchy
North Solomons – Republic of the North Solomons	September 1, 1975	August 7, 1976	341 days	Papua & New Guinea
Iranian Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan People's Government	November 1945	November 1946	~1 year	Pahlavi dynasty		Puppet state of the Soviet Union
Stellaland – Republic of Stellaland	July 26, 1882	August 6, 1883	1 year and 11 days	No predecessor	United States of Stellaland
France – Kingdom of France (1791–92)	3 September 1791	21 September 1792	1 year and 18 days	Kingdom of France	First French Empire
Rhenish Republic	October 21, 1923	November 26, 1924	1 year and 37 days	Occupation of the Ruhr
Italian Regency of Carnaro	September 12, 1919	December 30 1920	1 year and 110 days	Corpus separatum (Fiume)	Free State of Fiume
Mexico – First Mexican Empire	July 21, 1821	March 19, 1823	1 year and 250 days	Viceroyalty of New Spain	Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)
					United Provinces of Central America
Confederate States	February 4, 1861	May 5, 1865	4 years	United States

States used for comparison

Short and formal names	Declared	Lifespan	Predecessors
South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan	July 9, 2011	5 years, 151 days	Sudan
Niue	October 19, 1974	42 years, 49 days	New Zealand

References

1. http://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/status-of-crimea-under-existing-constitution-of-ukraine/
2. "Putin Reclaims Crimea for Russia and Bitterly Denounces the West". The New York Times. March 18, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
3. "State Duma adopts documents on Crimea's joining the Russian Federation". ITAR-Tass. March 20, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
4. Lee Kuan Yew declares de facto independence for Singapore
5. Schofield, Clive. The Middle East And Africa. p. 147.