MASA syndrome

MASA syndrome
Classification and external resources
OMIM	303350
GeneReviews	L1 Syndrome

MASA syndrome, also called CRASH syndrome, Gareis-Mason syndrome, L1 syndrome, spastic paraplegia 1^[1]^[2] is a rare X-linked recessive^[3] neurological disorder.

Clinical features

The acronym "MASA" describes the four major symptoms - Mental retardation, Aphasia, Shuffling gait, and Adducted thumbs.^[4] Another name for this syndrome is "L1 syndrome".

The term "CRASH", for "corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spastic paraplegia, and hydrocephalus" has also been used to describe L1CAM-related disorders.

Genetics

The disorder has been associated with mutations in the L1CAM gene. This syndrome has severe symptoms in males, while females are carriers because only one X-chromosome is affected.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis can be made on the combination of clinical features. This can then be confirmed by gene sequencing.

Prenatal

A prenatal diagnostic is possible and very reliable when mother is carrier of the syndrome. First, it's necessary to determine the fetus' sex and then study X-chromosomes. In both cases, the probability to transfer the X-chromosome affected to the descendants is 50%. Male descendants who inherit the affected chromosome will express the symptoms of the syndrome, but females who do will be carriers.^[5]

References

↑ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 303350
↑ "L1 syndrome". Genetics Home Reference.
↑ Winter RM, D. K.; Davies, K. E.; Bell, M. V.; Huson, S. M.; Patterson, M. N. (July 1989). "MASA syndrome: further clinical delineation and chromosomal localisation". Human Genetics. 82 (4): 367–370. doi:10.1007/bf00273999. PMID 2737668.
↑ Bianchine JW, Lewis RC (1974). "The MASA syndrome: a new heritable mental retardation syndrome". Clin. Genet. 5 (4): 298–306. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1974.tb01697.x. PMID 4855169.
↑ Fransen E, Lemmon V, Van Camp G, Vits L, Coucke P, Willems PJ (1995). "CRASH syndrome: clinical spectrum of corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, adducted thumbs, spastic paraparesis and hydrocephalus due to mutations in one single gene, L1". European Journal of Human Genetics. 3 (5): 273–84. PMID 8556302.

External links

MASA syndrome at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on L1 Syndrome

Sex linkage: X-linked disorders

X-linked recessive

Immune	Chronic granulomatous disease (CYBB) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia Hyper-IgM syndrome type 1 IPEX X-linked lymphoproliferative disease Properdin deficiency

Hematologic	Haemophilia A Haemophilia B X-linked sideroblastic anemia

Endocrine	Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy KAL1 Kallmann syndrome X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita

Metabolic	Amino acid: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency Oculocerebrorenal syndrome Dyslipidemia: Adrenoleukodystrophy Carbohydrate metabolism: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency Danon disease/glycogen storage disease Type IIb Lipid storage disorder: Fabry's disease Mucopolysaccharidosis: Hunter syndrome Purine-pyrimidine metabolism: Lesch–Nyhan syndrome Mineral: Menkes disease/Occipital horn syndrome

Nervous system	X-linked mental retardation: Coffin–Lowry syndrome MASA syndrome Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome Siderius X-linked mental retardation syndrome Eye disorders: Color blindness (red and green, but not blue) Ocular albinism (1) Norrie disease Choroideremia Other: Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease SMAX2

Skin and related tissue	Dyskeratosis congenita Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) X-linked ichthyosis X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy

Neuromuscular	Becker's muscular dystrophy/Duchenne Centronuclear myopathy (MTM1) Conradi–Hünermann syndrome Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 1

Urologic	Alport syndrome Dent's disease X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Bone/tooth	AMELX Amelogenesis imperfecta

No primary system	Barth syndrome McLeod syndrome Smith–Fineman–Myers syndrome Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome Mohr–Tranebjærg syndrome Nasodigitoacoustic syndrome

X-linked dominant

X-linked hypophosphatemia Focal dermal hypoplasia Fragile X syndrome Aicardi syndrome Incontinentia pigmenti Rett syndrome CHILD syndrome Lujan–Fryns syndrome Orofaciodigital syndrome 1 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia

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