Malang

This article is about the city of Malang. For other uses, see Malang (disambiguation).
Malang
ꦩꦭꦔ
City
Clockwise, from top left : Malang City Hall, Badut Temple, Gajayana Stadium, Malang Railway Station, Karangkates Dam

Seal
Motto: Malang Kuçeçwara
Malang

Location of Malang in Indonesia

Coordinates: 7°58′48″S 112°37′12″E / 7.98000°S 112.62000°E / -7.98000; 112.62000Coordinates: 7°58′48″S 112°37′12″E / 7.98000°S 112.62000°E / -7.98000; 112.62000
Country  Indonesia
Province  East Java
Government
 • Mayor Muhammad Anton
Area
 • City 145.28 km2 (56.09 sq mi)
 • Metro 2,156.6 km2 (832.7 sq mi)
Elevation 476 m (1,562 ft)
Population (2010 Census)
 • City 820,243 (BPS, 2,010)[1]
 • Metro 2,795,209
 • Metro density 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi)
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Area code(s) +62 341
Vehicle registration N
Website www.malangkota.go.id
Mount Arjuna viewed from Singosari, Malang

Malang is the second largest city in East Java. It has a history dating back to the Singhasari. The city population at the 2010 Census was 820,243 (BPS, 2010).[1] Its built-up (or metro) area was home to 2,795,209 inhabitants spread on 2 cities and 22 districts (21 in Malang Regency and 1 in Pasuruan Regency).[2] During the period of Dutch colonization, it was a popular destination for European residents. The city is well known for its mild climate. People in East Java sometimes call it "Paris of East Java." In 2013, Malang was spared many of the effects of the Asian financial crisis, and since that time it has been marked by steady economic and population growth.[3]

Etymology

The etymology of the name Malang is uncertain. One of the theory said that the name Malang is derived from the words Malangkucecwara which means "God has destroyed the false and enforced the right". The words was taken from an ancient term which mention a legendary temple called Malangkucecwara supposedly located near the city Malang. The word Malangkucecwara was applied as the motto of the city of Malang.

History

The history of Malang Regency could be revealed through the Dinoyo inscription 760 AD as the primary official document to support the birth of Malang before a new inscription was discovered in 1986, which is so far not yet revealed. According to the inscription, it was concluded that the 8th century was the beginning of the existence of Malang Regency's government due to the birth of King Gajayana's ruling of his kingdom in Malang. From the Dinoyo inscriptions, it is noted that the inscription used the "Candra Sengkala" or "Cronogram" Calendar, and stated that the birth date of Malang Regency was on Jum'at Legi (sweet Friday) of 28 November 760 AD.[4]

The city was capital city of Singhasari in 1222, then transferred to Dutch colony. Malang was modernized under the Dutch; its mild climate which results from its elevation, along with its proximity to the major port of Surabaya, made it a popular destination for the Dutch and other Europeans. In 1879, Malang was connected to Java's railroad network, further increasing development and leading to increased industrialization.

Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population’s needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into “better” housing.

Geography

Malang has a total area of 252.136 km2. Malang City is an enclave located within Malang Regency. Brantas River flows through the city, as well as Amprong and Metro Rivers.

Malang is served by the Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, a domestic airport with flights to Jakarta and Bali. Connection to another city will be available in the near future.

The popular active volcano Mount Bromo is about 25 km (16 miles) east of the city, and in November 2010, the airport was closed for nearly a week due to airborne ash from an eruption.[5]

Climate

The Climate in Malang city features tropical monsoon climate (Am) as the climate precipitation throughout the year is greatly influenced by the monsoon. The driest month is August with precipitation total 26 mm, while the wettest month is January with precipitation total 334 mm. The temperature is moderated by the altitude, as the city is located at 476 m above sea level. The hottest month is October and November with average 24.3 °C, while the coolest month is June with average 22.4 °C.

Climate data for Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28.5
(83.3)		 28.5
(83.3)		 28.5
(83.3)		 28.7
(83.7)		 29.0
(84.2)		 28.8
(83.8)		 28.4
(83.1)		 29.3
(84.7)		 29.8
(85.6)		 30.2
(86.4)		 29.5
(85.1)		 28.5
(83.3)		 28.98
(84.15)
Daily mean °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.0
(75.2)		 24.0
(75.2)		 23.9
(75)		 23.2
(73.8)		 22.4
(72.3)		 23.2
(73.8)		 23.6
(74.5)		 24.3
(75.7)		 24.3
(75.7)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.73
(74.72)
Average low °C (°F) 19.6
(67.3)		 19.7
(67.5)		 19.5
(67.1)		 19.3
(66.7)		 18.9
(66)		 17.7
(63.9)		 16.5
(61.7)		 17.1
(62.8)		 17.5
(63.5)		 18.5
(65.3)		 19.2
(66.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 18.55
(65.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 334
(13.15)		 307
(12.09)		 292
(11.5)		 173
(6.81)		 132
(5.2)		 77
(3.03)		 47
(1.85)		 26
(1.02)		 43
(1.69)		 106
(4.17)		 225
(8.86)		 326
(12.83)		 2,088
(82.2)
Average relative humidity (%) 81.7 82.3 82.2 79.2 79.8 77.3 75.1 72.9 70.9 70.9 74.4 79.1 77.15
Source #1: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)[6]
Source #2: Weatherbase (humidity)[7]

This is the climate data of Malang in 2014 to 2016.

Categories 2014 2015 2016
Average temperature 25 °C (77 °F) 27 °C (80,6 °F) 27 °C (80,6 °F)
Minimal temperature 0 °C (32 °F) 22 °C (71,6 °F) 24 °C (75,2 °F)
Maximal temperature 34 °C (93,2 °F) 35 °C (95 °F) 33 °C (91,4 °F)
Day average temperature 29 °C (84,2 °F) 31 °C (87,8 °F) 31 °C (87,8 °F)
Day minimal temperature 0 °C (32 °F) 23 °C (73,4 °F)

24 °C (75,2 °F)

Day maximal temperature 34 °C (93,2 °F) 35 °C (95 °F) 33 °C (91,4 °F)
Night average temperature 26 °C (78,8 °F) 26 °C (78,8 °F) 27 °C (80,6 °F)
Night minimal temperature 23 °C (73,4 °F) 22 °C (71,6 °F) 24 °C (75,2 °F)
Night maximal temperature 30 °C (86 °F) 35 °C (95 °F) 29 °C (84,2 °F)
Average wind speed 10 km/h 12 km/h 9 km/h
Maximal wind speed 182 km/h 100 km/h 32 km/h
Average humidity 69 % 76 % 85 %
Average air pressure 983 hPa 983 hPa 982 hPa
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Maximal Temperature °C (°F) 33

(91.4)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 31

(87.8)

 31

(87.8)

 33

(91.4)

 34

(93.2)

 35

(95)

 34

(93.2)

Average Temperature °C (°F) 26

(78.8)

 26

(78.8)

 27

(80.6)

 27

(80.6)

 27

(80.6)

 27

(80.6)

 26

(78.8)

 26

(78.8)

 26

(78.8)

 28

(82.4)

 30

(86)

 27

(80.6)

Minimal Temperature °C (°F) 24

(75.2)

 23

(73.4)

 24

(75.2)

 24

(75.2)

 24

(75.2)

 23

(73.4)

 23

(73.4)

 22

(71.6)

 24

(75.2)

 25

(77)

 25

(77)

 24

(75.2)

Day Average high °C (°F) 33

(91.4)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 32

(89.6)

 31

(87.8)

 31

(87.8)

 33

(91.4)

 34

(93.2)

 35

(95)

 34

(93.2)

Day Average °C (°F) 31

(87.8)

 31

(87.8)

 31

(87.8)

 30

(86)

 30

(86)

 30

(86)

 30

(86)

 30

(86)

 31

(87.8)

 32

(89.6)

 33

(91.4)

 32

(89.6)

Day Average low °C (°F) 29

(84.2)

 29

(84.2)

 26

(78.8)

 24

(75.2)

 27

(80.6)

 23

(73.4)

 29

(84.2)

 28

(82.4)

 30

(86)

 30

(86)

 32

(89.6)

 29

(84.2)

Night Average high °C (°F) 27

(80.6)

 26

(78.8)

 28

(82.4)

 29

(84.2)

 29

(84.2)

 29

(84.2)

 28

(82.4)

 28

(82.4)

 27

(80.6)

 29

(84.2)

 35

(95)

 29

(84.2)

Night Average °C (°F) 25

(77)

 25

(77)

 27

(80.6)

 26

(78.8)

 27

(80.6)

 26

(78.8)

 26

(78.8)

 25

(77)

 26

(78.8)

 27

(80.6)

 29

(84.2)

 27

(80.6)

Night Average low °C (°F) 24

(75.2)

 23

(73.4)

 24

(75.2)

 24

(75.2)

 24

(75.2)

 23

(73.4)

 23

(73.4)

 22

(71.6)

 24

(75.2)

 25

(77)

 25

(77)

 24

(75.2)

Average Wind Speed (km/h) 12 8 8 8 12 10 14 14 14 15 13 10
Maximal Wind Speed (km/h) 100 21 27 21 27 26 40 32 93 29 27 26
Average Humidity (%) 81 85 80 83 77 74 72 71 71 71 67 77
Average Air Pressure (hPa) 984 982 982 982 982 983 985 982 982 983 983 982

Source : climatevo.com

Administration

The city of Malang is divided into five districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their 2010 Census population:[8]

Name Population
Census 2010
Kedungkandang 174,477
Sukun 181,513
Klojen 105,907
Blimbing 172,333
Lowokwaru 186,013

Demographics

Malang municipality has a population of a bit over 800 thousand, with around 2 million clustering in the Malang Valley, making it the province's second most populous city. However, the population growth is not very high, at roughly 1 percent a year.

Ethnic backgrounds

The racial makeup of the city is mainly of Javanese, with a small percentage of Madurese, Chinese and Arab descent.

Religion

The Ijen Cathedral of Malang.

Like most of Java, a large majority of Malang residents are Muslims; there are small minorities of Catholics, Hindus, and Buddhists. Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, City of Malang Grand Mosque (Masjid Agung Kota Malang) in Malang City Square (Alun-alun Kota Malang); Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus) in Kayutangan; Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral (Gereja Ijen or Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel) in Ijen Street, which is the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang; The Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong (永安宮) Buddhist Temple in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang. Malang is also famous for being the centre of religious education, this is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (pesantren) and bible seminaries. Malang also has a convent, among other Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several other monasteries.

Language

Arekan dialect of Javanese language is the day-to-day language used by Malang people. Like Surabaya, Malang residents adopt an egalitarian form of Javanese. As it becomes the educational city, there are many languages from outside Java spoken in Malang.

Many of the native Malang youths adopt a dialect that is called 'Boso Walikan', it is simply done by reversing the pronunciation of the words, an example of this is by pronouncing “Malang” as “Ngalam” instead.

Art and culture

As a centre of tourism, Malang has various places of interest which can be classified into local, regional, national and international standards, including traditional dance performances such as Tari Topeng (Mask Dance), Jaran Pegon, Tari Beskalan (Beskalan Dance), etc. There are also 'Topeng' or Mask handicraft at the villages of Jabung and Kedungmonggo which have become a familiar landmark in Malang Regency. Football is the second religion in Malang, the city is a home for famous Asia football fans Aremania. Malang is also home to a thriving transgender (waria) community headed by Miss Waria Indonesia 2006, Merlyn Sopjan.[9]

Non-residents

Temporary residents to Malang are mostly for educational reasons. They come from other islands especially from East of Indonesia, which includes Bali, Madura, Nusa Tenggara, East Timor, Papua, Maluku, Sulawesi, Borneo, etc.

The view of West Malang from the tower at the University of Malang

Education

Malang has strong reputation throughout Indonesia as a centre for higher education and learning.[10] Colleges and Universities in Malang :

Junior and Senior High Schools in Malang :

Malang also has two international schools, Wesley International School and Bina Bangsa School, and some national-plus schools, such as SDK Santa Maria 2 Malang and Charis National Academy

Transport

Road

Malang is located in Indonesian National Route 23, which connects it to Gempol and Kepanjen. Malang has a large intercity bus terminal, Arjosari, located in northern Malang. The primary means of public transportation is by Microvan (most of them are Suzuki Carry) and has Blue color, called Angkot (from Angkutan=transportation and Kota=city) but mostly local people call it "Mikrolet". They serve certain routes throughout the city, operated privately and cheap, around Rp 3.000, but these public transports are not usually known for being comfortable, due to the fact that a many people uses them, thus, mostly leading to a cramped condition inside the mikrolet.

Train

The largest train station in Malang is Malang Station. The station is frequently called "Kotabaru Station", to distinguish it from Kotalama Station located in the south. Another train station is Blimbing, located in the north. Previously, there was a tram system in Malang, now defunct.

To ease commuters from Yogyakarta to Malang vice versa, on May 20, 2012 Malioboro Express (Moleks) has been operated.[11]

Air Transportation

Malang is served by Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, located in the outskirts of Malang. This airport can be accessed by taxis and travels.

Sport

Arema Indonesia is the city's most widely supported football team and plays in the Indonesian top league, the Indonesia Super League (ISL). The supporters are called Aremania. The other is Persema Malang

The city is also home to the professional basketball team Bimasakti Nikko Steel Malang, which plays in the Indonesian Basketball League.

Healthcare

Health facilities in Malang :

Puskesmas (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat)

Puskesmas is health facilities that provided by government, rates of health services in health centers arranged in a regional regulation on public services restribusi by REGULATION OF MALANG NUMBER 1 YEAR 2011 ABOUT GENERAL SERVICES LEVY, nowadays puskesmas also can give free services if the citizen have government assurance (BPJS).

Rumah Sakit/ Hospital

1 RSI AISYIYAH MALANG JL SULAWESI NO. 19
2 ISLAM UNISMA (JST) MT. HARYONO NO. 139
3 PURI BUNDA (JST) SIMPANG SULFAT UTARA NO. 60A
4 GANESHA MEDIKA (JST) MAYJEND PANJAITAN NO. 176
5 PERMATA BUNDA (JST) SOEKARNO HATTA NO.75
6 RUMAH SAKIT LAVALETTE WR. SUPRATMAN NO. 10
7 RSIA MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG JL. KH. WAHID HASYIM 26,30
8 RSU. UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JL. RAYA TLOGOMAS NOMOR 45
9 RS. PANTI NIRMALA JL KEBALEN WETAN NO.2-8
10 RSUD DR. SAIFUL ANWAR JL. JAGUNG SUPRAPTO 2
11 RS MELATI HUSADA JL KAWI
12 RST DR. SOEPRAOEN JL S. SUPRIADI

Sidoarjo mud flow

Main article: Sidoarjo mud flow

On 28 May 2006, a blow-out occurred during a drilling for an exploration of natural gas. The blow-out initially produced 5000 m³ of mud flow per day. 18 months after the incident, the mud flow is estimated to be 80,000 m³ to 100,000 m³ per day. This ongoing mud flow has forced the closure of the Porong-Gempol toll road in East Java, which effectively cut off the transport line from Surabaya to Malang.[12]

Sister Cities

References

  1. 1 2 "Penduduk & Tenaga Kerja Jatim". Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  2. ↑ http://www.citypopulation.de/php/indonesia-jawa-admin.php
  3. ↑ Duncan Graham, 'Malang: Not an unfortunate city', The Jakarta Post, 17 February 2013.
  4. ↑ L. Damaes: "Studed' Epigraphy d'Indonesia IV. 1952"
  5. ↑ "Volcano closes Indonesia airport". Bangkok Post. 2010-11-29. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  6. ↑ "Climate: Malang". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  7. ↑ "MALANG, INDONESIA". Weatherbase. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  8. ↑ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  9. ↑ Kim Heriot-Darragh. "Transgendered in Malang". Inside Indonesia.
  10. ↑ Rough Guide to Indonesia, p.258
  11. ↑ "Malioboro Ekspres Layani Yogya-Malang Mulai Minggu". Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  12. ↑ Jim Schiller. "Un-natural disaster". Inside Indonesia.
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