Northern Maori

Northern Maori was one of the four original New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorates, from 1868 to 1996.

Population centres

The electorate includes the following population centres: Auckland, Whangarei.

Tribal areas

The electorate includes the following tribal areas:

History

The Northern Maori electorate boundary was in South Auckland. It extended from Auckland City north to Northland, and had only minor boundary changes from 1868 to 1996.

The first member of parliament for Northern Maori from 1868 was Frederick Nene Russell; he retired in 1870. The second member of parliament from 1871 to 1875 and in 1887 was Wi Katene.

The electorate was held by Labour from 1938. Paraire Karaka Paikea died in 1943, and was replaced by his son Tapihana Paraire Paikea.

In 1979, Matiu Rata resigned from the Labour Party as a protest against Labour policies. In 1980 he resigned from Parliament, but came second in the subsequent by-election. The by-election was won by the Labour candidate, Bruce Gregory.

Tau Henare won the electorate from Gregory for New Zealand First in 1993; a foretaste of the success of Henare and the other New Zealand First candidates (known as the Tight Five) in the Māori electorates in 1996. In 1996 with MMP, the Northern Maori electorate was replaced by Te Tai Tokerau, and won by Henare.

Tau Henare is a great-grandson of Taurekareka Henare who had held the electorate for the Reform Party from 1914 to 1938.

Members of Parliament

The Northern Maori electorate was represented by 15 Members of Parliament:^[1]

Key

Independent Liberal Reform National Labour NZ First

Election	Winner
1868 Māori election		Frederick Nene Russell
1871 election		Wi Katene
1876 election		Hori Tawhiti
1879 election		Hone Tawhai
1881 election		Hone Tawhai
1884 election		Ihaka Hakuene
1887 by-election		Wi Katene
1887 election		Sydney Taiwhanga
1890 election		Sydney Taiwhanga
1891 by-election		Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa
1893 election		Hone Heke Ngapua
1896 election
1899 election
1901 by-election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1909 by-election		Te Rangi Hīroa
1911 election		Te Rangi Hīroa
1914 election		Taurekareka Henare
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election
1935 election
1938 election		Paraire Karaka Paikea
1943 election		Tapihana Paraire Paikea
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 by-election		Matiu Rata
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1980 by-election		Bruce Gregory
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election		Tau Henare

Election results

Note that the affiliation of many early candidates is not known.

1980 by-election

Northern Maori by-election, 1980^[2]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Bruce Gregory	3,580	52.41
	Mana Motuhake	Matiu Rata	2,589	37.90
	Social Credit	H Te K Toia	560	8.20
	Cheer Up	W Hetaraka	80	1.17
	Christian Democrat (1980)	Tom Weal	13	0.19
	Reform Party (1980)	P Te W Warner	9	0.13
Majority			991	14.51
Turnout			6,831	41.38
	Labour hold		Swing

1963 by-election

Northern Maori by-election, 1963^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Matiu Rata	3,090	42.04
	National	James Henare	2,643	35.96
	Independent Labour	E M Pou	562	7.65
	Social Credit	W Clarke	340	4.63
	Independent Labour	T K Hui	268	3.65
	Independent	W Cooper	257	3.50
	Independent Labour	P H Toka	143	1.95
	Independent	H T Mokaraka	25	0.34
	Kauhananui	H K Peita	22	0.30
Majority			447	6.08
Turnout			7,350	58.10
	Labour hold		Swing

1931 election

General election, 1931: Northern Maori^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Reform	Taurekareka Henare	3,297	58.56
	Ratana	Paraire Karaka Paikea	2,109	37.46
	Independent	Hemi Whautere Witehira	224	3.98
Majority			1,188	21.10
Turnout			5,630

1899 election

General election, 1899: Northern Maori^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Hone Heke Ngapua	1,453	64.15	-17.24
		Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa	367	16.20	-2.40
		Henry Flavell	225	9.93
		Keritoke Te Ahu	126	5.56
		Poata Uruamo	94	4.15
Majority			1,086	47.95	-14.84
Turnout			2,265

1896 election

General election, 1896: Northern Maori^[6]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Hone Heke Ngapua	1,706	81.39
		Eparaima Te Mutu Kapa	390	18.61
Majority			1,316	62.79
Turnout			2,096^{[nb 1]}

Table footnotes:

↑ Whilst the source states the count was final, McRobie states the number of votes cast as 2,104.^[7]

1890 election

General election, 1890: Northern Maori^[8]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Independent	Sydney Taiwhanga	661	48.82
		Tinoti Pupipupi	394	29.10
	Conservative	Wi Katene	192	14.18
		Wiremu Mikihana	107	7.90
Majority			267	19.72
Turnout			1,354

Notes

↑ Wilson 1985, p. 268.
↑ Norton 1988, p. 398.
↑ Norton 1988, p. 397.
↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 6. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
↑ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
↑ "Untitled". Poverty Bay Herald. XXIII (7810). 24 December 1896. p. 2. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
↑ McRobie 1989, p. 133.
↑ "The Maori Representation". Otago Witness (1920). 4 December 1890. p. 15. Retrieved 27 November 2013.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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