Panipenem/betamipron

Panipenem/betamipron is a carbapenem antibiotic^[1] marketed by Daiichi Sankyo Co. of Japan. It was launched in 1993, under the brand name Carbenin.

It is a combination in which panipenem is the carbapenem antibiotic and betamipron is a renal inhibitor^[2] and inhibits renal uptake of panipenem and also from nephrotoxicity (much like the imipenem/cilastatin combination)

References

↑ "Comparative antibacterial activity of carbapenems against P. aeruginosa (1)". 2010.
↑ Finch, Roger G. (2003). Antibiotic and chemotherapy: anti-infective agents and their use in therapy. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 269–. ISBN 978-0-443-07129-4. Retrieved 8 August 2011.

Antibacterials: cell envelope antibiotics (J01C-J01D)

Intracellular

Inhibit peptidoglycan subunit synthesis and transport: NAM synthesis inhibition (Fosfomycin)
DADAL/AR inhibitors (Cycloserine)
bactoprenol inhibitors (Bacitracin)

Glycopeptide

Inhibit PG chain elongation: Vancomycin^# (Oritavancin
Telavancin)
Teicoplanin (Dalbavancin)
Ramoplanin

β-lactams/
(inhibit PBP
cross-links)

Penicillins
(Penams)

Narrow spectrum

β-lactamase sensitive (1st generation)	Benzylpenicillin (G)^# Benzathine benzylpenicillin^# Procaine benzylpenicillin^# Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)^# Propicillin^‡ Pheneticillin^‡ Azidocillin^‡ Clometocillin^‡ Penamecillin^‡

β-lactamase resistant (2nd generation)	Cloxacillin^# (Dicloxacillin Flucloxacillin) Oxacillin Nafcillin Methicillin^‡

Extended spectrum

Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)	Amoxicillin^# Ampicillin^# (Pivampicillin Hetacillin^‡ Bacampicillin^‡ Metampicillin^‡ Talampicillin^‡) Epicillin^‡

Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)	Ticarcillin Carbenicillin^‡ / Carindacillin^‡ Temocillin^‡

Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)	Piperacillin Azlocillin^‡ Mezlocillin^‡

Other	Mecillinam^‡ (Pivmecillinam^‡) Sulbenicillin^‡

Penems

Faropenem^‡

Carbapenems

Cephalosporins/Cephamycins
(Cephems)

1st generation (P Ec K)	Cefazolin^# Cefalexin ^# Cefadroxil Cefapirin Cefazedone^‡ Cefazaflur^‡ Cefradine^‡ Cefroxadine^‡ Ceftezole^‡ Cefaloglycin^‡ Cefacetrile^‡ Cefalonium^‡ Cefaloridine^‡ Cefalotin^‡ Cefatrizine^‡

2nd generation (H E N)	Cefaclor Cefotetan Cephamycin (Cefoxitin Cefprozil Cefuroxime Cefuroxime axetil Cefamandole^‡ Cefminox^‡ Cefonicid^‡ Ceforanide^‡ Cefotiam^‡ Cefbuperazone^‡ Cefuzonam^‡ Cefmetazole)^‡ Carbacephem^‡ (Loracarbef^‡)

3rd generation	Cefixime^# Ceftriaxone^# Antipseudomonal (Ceftazidime^# Cefoperazone) Cefdinir Cefcapene Cefdaloxime Ceftizoxime Cefmenoxime Cefotaxime Cefpiramide Cefpodoxime Ceftibuten Cefditoren Cefetamet^‡ Cefodizime^‡ Cefpimizole^‡ Cefsulodin^‡ Cefteram^‡ Ceftiolene^‡ Oxacephem (Flomoxef^‡ Latamoxef^‡)

4th generation (Pseudomonas)	Cefepime Cefozopran^‡ Cefpirome^‡ Cefquinome^‡

5th generation	Ceftaroline fosamil Ceftolozane Ceftobiprole

Veterinary	Ceftiofur Cefquinome Cefovecin

Monobactams

β-lactamase inhibitors

Combinations

Other

polymyxins/detergent
- Colistin
- Polymyxin B
depolarizing
- Daptomycin
Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
- lysozyme
Tyrothricin
- Gramicidin
- Tyrocidine
Isoniazid
Teixobactin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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