President of Peru

President of the Republic of Peru
Presidente de la República del Perú

Presidential standard
Incumbent
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski

since July 28, 2016
Residence Government Palace
Appointer Direct popular election
Term length Five years, not eligible for reelection immediately
Inaugural holder José de San Martín
Formation July 28, 1821
Website www.presidencia.gob.pe
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Peru
Constitution

The President of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years, with no immediate reelection. A former president can run again after being out of office for a full term.[1] Pedro Pablo Kuczynski was elected as president in 2016.

The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday.

History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by José de San Martin), and "Supreme Protector" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz).

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as President of Peru.

List of Presidents of Peru

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Began office Left office Party Form of entry Title
1 José de San Martín
(1778–1850)
July 28, 1821 September 20, 1822 Independent Indirect elections Protector of Peru
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro
(1780–1855)
September 20, 1822 September 22, 1822 Independent Indirect elections Interim caretaker
2 José La Mar
(1778–1830)
September 22, 1822 February 27, 1823 Independent Elected by Congress President of the Government Junta
José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle
(1779–1825)
February 27, 1823 February 28, 1823 Independent Indirect elections Interim caretaker
3 José de la Riva Agüero
(1783–1858)
February 28, 1823 June 23, 1823 Independent Elected by Congress
4 Antonio José de Sucre
(1795–1830)
June 23, 1823 July 17, 1823 Independent Elected by Congress
5 José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle
(1779–1825)
July 17, 1823 February 17, 1824 Independent Elected by Congress Supreme Delegate
6 Simón Bolívar
(1783–1830)
February 17, 1824 January 28, 1827 Independent Elected by Congress
7 Andrés de Santa Cruz
(1792–1865)
January 28, 1827 June 9, 1827 Independent Elected by Congress President of the Government Council
Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano
(1777–1850)
June 9, 1827 August 22, 1827 Independent Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
8 José La Mar
(1778–1830)
August 22, 1827 June 7, 1829 Independent Direct Elections
9 Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente
(1796–1878)
June 7, 1829 September 1, 1829 Military Coup d'état
10 Agustín Gamarra
(1785–1841)
September 1, 1829 December 20, 1833 Independent Elected by Congress
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro
(1780–1855)
December 20, 1833 December 21, 1833 Independent Elected by Congress Interim caretaker
11 Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada
(1795–1847)
December 21, 1833 August 11, 1836 Independent Elected by Congress
Pedro Pablo Bermúdez
(1793–1852)
[2]
January 4, 1833 April 24, 1834 Military Coup d'état Provisional Supreme Ruler
12 Felipe Santiago Salaverry
(1805–1836)
[3]
February 23, 1835 February 7, 1836 Military Coup d'état Supreme Legislator
13 Andrés de Santa Cruz
(1792–1865)
[4]
August 11, 1836 August 25, 1838 Independent Supreme Protector of the Confederation
14 Agustín Gamarra
(1785–1841)
August 25, 1838 November 18, 1841 Independent Elected by Congress
Manuel Menéndez
(1793–1847)
November 18, 1841 August 16, 1842 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
15 Juan Crisóstomo Torrico
(1808–1875)
August 16, 1842 October 17, 1842 Military Coup d'état
16 Juan Francisco de Vidal
(1800–1863)
[5]
October 17, 1842 March 15, 1843 Military Coup d'état
17 Justo Figuerola
(1771–1854)
March 15, 1843 March 20, 1843 Military Coup d'état
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco
(1806–1873)
March 20, 1843 June 17, 1844 Military Self-proclaimed President
18 Domingo Nieto
(1803–1844)
March 20, 1843 February 17, 1844 Independent Elected by the Government Junta President of the Government Junta - Grand Marshal of Peru
19 Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
February 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Independent Elected in place of Domingo Nieto
Domingo Elías
(1797–1867)
June 17, 1844 August 10, 1844 Independent Self-proclaimed President
Manuel Menéndez
(1793–1847)
August 10, 1844 August 11, 1844 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
20 Justo Figuerola
(1771–1854)
August 11, 1844 October 7, 1844 Military Coup d'état
Manuel Menéndez
(1793–1847)
October 7, 1844 April 20, 1845 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Council
21 Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
April 20, 1845 April 20, 1851 Independent Direct Elections
22 José Rufino Echenique
(1808–1887)
April 20, 1851 January 5, 1855 Independent Direct Elections
23 Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
January 5, 1855 October 24, 1862 Military Coup d'état
Direct Elections
24 Miguel de San Román
(1802–1863)
October 24, 1862 April 3, 1863 Independent Direct Elections
Ramón Castilla
(1797–1867)
April 3, 1863 April 9, 1863 Military Revolution
Selfproclaimed President
Pedro Diez Canseco
(1815–1893)
April 3, 1863 August 5, 1863 Independent Interim caretaker Second Vicepresident
25 Juan Antonio Pezet
(1809–1879)
August 5, 1863 April 25, 1865 Independent First Vicepresident
26 Mariano Ignacio Prado
(1826–1901)
April 25, 1865 June 24, 1865 Independent Coup d'état
27 Juan Antonio Pezet
(1809–1879)
June 24, 1865 November 8, 1865 Independent
Pedro Diez Canseco
(1815–1893)
November 8, 1865 November 28, 1865 Independent Interim caretaker
28 Mariano Ignacio Prado
(1826–1901)
November 28, 1865 January 8, 1868 Independent Direct Elections
Pedro Diez Canseco
(1815–1893)
January 8, 1868 August 2, 1868 Independent Interim caretaker
29 José Balta
(1814–1872)
August 2, 1868 July 22, 1872 Independent Direct Elections
Tomás Gutiérrez
(d. 1872)
July 22, 1872 July 26, 1872 Military Coup d'état Supreme Leader of the Nation
Francisco Diez Canseco
(1821–1884)
July 26, 1872 July 27, 1872 Independent Interim caretaker
Mariano Herencia Zevallos
(1820–1873)
July 27, 1872 August 2, 1872 Independent Interim caretaker
28 Manuel Pardo
(1834–1878)
August 2, 1872 August 2, 1876 Civilista Party Direct Elections
29 Mariano Ignacio Prado
(1826–1913)
August 2, 1876 December 23, 1879 Civilista Party Direct Elections
30 Nicolás de Piérola
(1839–1913)
December 23, 1879 November 28, 1881 Military Coup d'état Commander in Chief of the State
Francisco García Calderón
(1834–1905)
March 12, 1881 September 28, 1881 Military Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Lima)
Provisional President of the Republic
Lizardo Montero Flores
(1832–1905)
September 28, 1881 November 6, 1881 Civilista Party Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Arequipa)
Provisional President of the Republic
31 Andrés Avelino Cáceres
(1836–1923)
November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Civilista Party Self-proclaimed
Chilean Occupation
(Central Peru)
President of the Republic
32 Miguel Iglesias
(1830–1909)
November 6, 1881 December 25, 1882 Military Elected by Congress
Chilean Occupation
(Cajamarca)
Regenerator President of the Republic
Antonio Arenas
(1808–1891)
December 3, 1885 June 5, 1886 Independent Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
33 Andrés Avelino Cáceres
(1836–1923)
June 5, 1886 August 10, 1890 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
34 Remigio Morales Bermúdez
(1836–1894)
August 10, 1890 April 1, 1894 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
Justiniano Borgoño
(1836–1921)
April 1, 1894 August 10, 1894 Constitutional Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
35 Andrés Avelino Cáceres
(1836–1923)
August 10, 1894 March 20, 1895 Constitutional Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
Manuel Candamo
(1841–1904)
March 20, 1895 September 8, 1895 Civilista Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
36 Nicolás de Piérola
(1839–1913)
September 8, 1895 September 8, 1899 Democratic Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
37 Eduardo López de Romaña
(1847–1912)
September 8, 1899 September 8, 1903 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
38 Manuel Candamo
(1841–1904)
September 8, 1903 May 7, 1904 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
Serapio Calderón
(1843–1922)
May 7, 1904 September 24, 1904 Civilista Party Interim caretaker President of the Government Junta
39 José Pardo y Barreda
(1864–1947)
September 24, 1904 September 24, 1908 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
40 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
(1863–1932)
September 24, 1908 September 24, 1912 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
41 Guillermo Billinghurst
(1851–1915)
September 24, 1912 February 4, 1914 Democratic Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
42 Óscar Benavides
(1876–1945)
February 4, 1914 August 18, 1915 Military Coup d'état
43 José Pardo y Barreda
(1864–1947)
August 18, 1915 July 4, 1919 Civilista Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
44 Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
(1863–1932)
July 4, 1919 August 25, 1930 Democratic Reformist Party Direct Elections
Coup d'état
Constitutional President
Manuel María Ponce Brousset
(1874–1966)
August 25, 1930 August 27, 1930 Military Interim caretaker
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
(1889–1933)
August 27, 1930 March 1, 1931 Military Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias
(1874–1951)
March 1, 1931 March 5, 1931 Independent Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
Gustavo Jiménez
(1886–1933)
March 5, 1931 March 11, 1931 Military Coup d'état President of the Provisional Government Junta
David Samanez Ocampo
(1866–1947)
March 11, 1931 December 8, 1931 Democratic Party Interim caretaker President of the Southern Junta
45 Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
(1889–1933)
December 8, 1931 April 30, 1933 Revolutionary Union Direct Elections Constitutional President
46 Óscar Benavides
(1876–1945)
April 30, 1933 December 8, 1939 Independent Elected by Congress Constitutional President
47 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche
(1889–1967)
December 8, 1939 July 28, 1945 Independent Direct Elections Constitutional President
48 José Bustamante y Rivero
(1894–1989)
July 28, 1945 October 29, 1948 National Democratic Front Direct Elections Constitutional President
50 Manuel A. Odría
(1896–1974)
October 29, 1948 June 1, 1950 Military Coup d'état
Zenón Noriega Agüero
(1900–1957)
June 1, 1950 July 28, 1950 Military Interim caretaker
51 Manuel A. Odría
(1896–1974)
July 28, 1950 July 28, 1956 Restoration Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
52 Manuel Prado y Ugarteche
(1889–1967)
July 28, 1956 July 18, 1962 Pradist Democratic Movement Direct Elections Constitutional President
53 Ricardo Pérez Godoy
(1905–1982)
July 18, 1962 March 3, 1963 Military Coup d'état 1st President of the Military Junta
54 Nicolás Lindley López
(1908–1995)
March 3, 1963 July 28, 1963 Military Coup d'état 2nd President of the Military Junta
55 Fernando Belaúnde Terry
(1912–2002)
July 28, 1963 October 3, 1968 Popular Action Direct Elections Constitutional President
56 Juan Velasco Alvarado
(1910–1977)
October 3, 1968 August 30, 1975 Military Coup d'état 1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
57 Francisco Morales Bermúdez
(1921–)
August 30, 1975 July 28, 1980 Military Coup d'état 2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
58 Fernando Belaúnde Terry
(1912–2002)
July 28, 1980 July 28, 1985 Popular Action Direct Elections Constitutional President
59 Alan García Pérez
(1949–)
July 28, 1985 July 28, 1990 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Direct Elections Constitutional President
60 Alberto Fujimori
(1938–)
July 28, 1990 April 5, 1992 Cambio 90
(until 1998)
Direct Elections Constitutional President
April 5, 1992 July 28, 1995 Self-coup d'état De facto President
July 28, 1995 July 28, 2000 Direct Elections Constitutional President
(60) Sí Cumple
July 28, 2000 November 22, 2000[6] Direct Elections Constitutional President
61 Valentín Paniagua
(1936–2006)
November 22, 2000 July 28, 2001 Popular Action Interim caretaker President of Transition Government
62 Alejandro Toledo
(1946–)
July 28, 2001 July 28, 2006 Possible Peru Direct Elections Constitutional President
63 Alan García Pérez
(1949–)
July 28, 2006 July 28, 2011 American Popular Revolutionary Alliance Direct Elections Constitutional President
64 Ollanta Humala
(1962–)
July 28, 2011 July 28, 2016 Peruvian Nationalist Party Direct Elections Constitutional President
65 Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
(1938–)
July 28, 2016 Incumbent Peruvians for Change Direct Elections Constitutional President

Titles and styles

The President of the Republic of Peru is the Head of the Peruvian State and the Supreme Commander of the Peruvian Armed Forces

The official style is:

His/Her Excellency - name of the president -

Line of succession

Names of incumbents as of 2015 listed President of the Republic: His Excellency Pedro Pablo Kuczynski

1- First Vice President of the Republic: Martín Vizcarra

2- Second Vice President of the Republic: Mercedes Aráoz

3- President of Congress: Luz Salgado

4- First Vice President of Congress: Rosa Bartra

5- Second Vice President of Congress: Richard Acuña

6- Third Vice President of Congress: Luciana León

Notes

  1. "Political Constitution of Peru, Article 112" (PDF).
  2. Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Arequipa.
  3. Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Lima.
  4. The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia were united into a federal state called the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Peru was divided in the states of North Peru and South Peru, each one of them with its own President.
  5. No effective central government existed after the Coup d'état against Francisco Vidal, with several generals claiming the Presidency in different cities around the country.
  6. Alberto Fujimori submitted his resignation on November 19, 2000. His resignation was rejected by the Peruvian Congress, who declared him "Morally Unfit" for the Presidency and impeached him on November 22, 2000.

See also

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