President of Peru

President of the Republic of Peru Presidente de la República del Perú
Presidential standard
Incumbent Pedro Pablo Kuczynski since July 28, 2016
Residence	Government Palace
Appointer	Direct popular election
Term length	Five years, not eligible for reelection immediately
Inaugural holder	José de San Martín
Formation	July 28, 1821
Website	www.presidencia.gob.pe

Peru

This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Peru
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The President of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years, with no immediate reelection. A former president can run again after being out of office for a full term.^[1] Pedro Pablo Kuczynski was elected as president in 2016.

The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday.

History

During its more than 180 years of independence, Peru has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically-elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, coups and violence. More than once, several individuals claimed the right to be president at the same time.

Different titles have been used, such as "Protector of Peru" (used by José de San Martin), and "Supreme Protector" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz).

The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as President of Peru.

List of Presidents of Peru

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Began office	Left office	Party	Form of entry	Title
1	José de San Martín (1778–1850)	July 28, 1821	September 20, 1822	Independent	Indirect elections	Protector of Peru
—	Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro (1780–1855)	September 20, 1822	September 22, 1822	Independent	Indirect elections	Interim caretaker
2	José La Mar (1778–1830)	September 22, 1822	February 27, 1823	Independent	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Junta
—	José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle (1779–1825)	February 27, 1823	February 28, 1823	Independent	Indirect elections	Interim caretaker
3	José de la Riva Agüero (1783–1858)	February 28, 1823	June 23, 1823	Independent	Elected by Congress
4	Antonio José de Sucre (1795–1830)	June 23, 1823	July 17, 1823	Independent	Elected by Congress
5	José Bernardo de Tagle, Marquis of Torre-Tagle (1779–1825)	July 17, 1823	February 17, 1824	Independent	Elected by Congress	Supreme Delegate
6	Simón Bolívar (1783–1830)	February 17, 1824	January 28, 1827	Independent	Elected by Congress
7	Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865)	January 28, 1827	June 9, 1827	Independent	Elected by Congress	President of the Government Council
—	Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano (1777–1850)	June 9, 1827	August 22, 1827	Independent	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
8	José La Mar (1778–1830)	August 22, 1827	June 7, 1829	Independent	Direct Elections
9	Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente (1796–1878)	June 7, 1829	September 1, 1829	Military	Coup d'état
10	Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841)	September 1, 1829	December 20, 1833	Independent	Elected by Congress
—	Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro (1780–1855)	December 20, 1833	December 21, 1833	Independent	Elected by Congress	Interim caretaker
11	Luis José de Orbegoso y Moncada (1795–1847)	December 21, 1833	August 11, 1836	Independent	Elected by Congress
—	Pedro Pablo Bermúdez (1793–1852) ^[2]	January 4, 1833	April 24, 1834	Military	Coup d'état	Provisional Supreme Ruler
12	Felipe Santiago Salaverry (1805–1836) ^[3]	February 23, 1835	February 7, 1836	Military	Coup d'état	Supreme Legislator
13	Andrés de Santa Cruz (1792–1865) ^[4]	August 11, 1836	August 25, 1838	Independent		Supreme Protector of the Confederation
14	Agustín Gamarra (1785–1841)	August 25, 1838	November 18, 1841	Independent	Elected by Congress
—	Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847)	November 18, 1841	August 16, 1842	Independent	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
15	Juan Crisóstomo Torrico (1808–1875)	August 16, 1842	October 17, 1842	Military	Coup d'état
16	Juan Francisco de Vidal (1800–1863) ^[5]	October 17, 1842	March 15, 1843	Military	Coup d'état
17	Justo Figuerola (1771–1854)	March 15, 1843	March 20, 1843	Military	Coup d'état
—	Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (1806–1873)	March 20, 1843	June 17, 1844	Military	Self-proclaimed President
18	Domingo Nieto (1803–1844)	March 20, 1843	February 17, 1844	Independent	Elected by the Government Junta	President of the Government Junta - Grand Marshal of Peru
19	Ramón Castilla (1797–1867)	February 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Independent	Elected in place of Domingo Nieto
—	Domingo Elías (1797–1867)	June 17, 1844	August 10, 1844	Independent	Self-proclaimed President
—	Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847)	August 10, 1844	August 11, 1844	Independent	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
20	Justo Figuerola (1771–1854)	August 11, 1844	October 7, 1844	Military	Coup d'état
—	Manuel Menéndez (1793–1847)	October 7, 1844	April 20, 1845	Independent	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Council
21	Ramón Castilla (1797–1867)	April 20, 1845	April 20, 1851	Independent	Direct Elections
22	José Rufino Echenique (1808–1887)	April 20, 1851	January 5, 1855	Independent	Direct Elections
23	Ramón Castilla (1797–1867)	January 5, 1855	October 24, 1862	Military	Coup d'état Direct Elections
24	Miguel de San Román (1802–1863)	October 24, 1862	April 3, 1863	Independent	Direct Elections
—	Ramón Castilla (1797–1867)	April 3, 1863	April 9, 1863	Military	Revolution Selfproclaimed President
—	Pedro Diez Canseco (1815–1893)	April 3, 1863	August 5, 1863	Independent	Interim caretaker	Second Vicepresident
25	Juan Antonio Pezet (1809–1879)	August 5, 1863	April 25, 1865	Independent		First Vicepresident
26	Mariano Ignacio Prado (1826–1901)	April 25, 1865	June 24, 1865	Independent	Coup d'état
27	Juan Antonio Pezet (1809–1879)	June 24, 1865	November 8, 1865	Independent
—	Pedro Diez Canseco (1815–1893)	November 8, 1865	November 28, 1865	Independent	Interim caretaker
28	Mariano Ignacio Prado (1826–1901)	November 28, 1865	January 8, 1868	Independent	Direct Elections
—	Pedro Diez Canseco (1815–1893)	January 8, 1868	August 2, 1868	Independent	Interim caretaker
29	José Balta (1814–1872)	August 2, 1868	July 22, 1872	Independent	Direct Elections
—	Tomás Gutiérrez (d. 1872)	July 22, 1872	July 26, 1872	Military	Coup d'état	Supreme Leader of the Nation
—	Francisco Diez Canseco (1821–1884)	July 26, 1872	July 27, 1872	Independent	Interim caretaker
—	Mariano Herencia Zevallos (1820–1873)	July 27, 1872	August 2, 1872	Independent	Interim caretaker
28	Manuel Pardo (1834–1878)	August 2, 1872	August 2, 1876	Civilista Party	Direct Elections
29	Mariano Ignacio Prado (1826–1913)	August 2, 1876	December 23, 1879	Civilista Party	Direct Elections
30	Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913)	December 23, 1879	November 28, 1881	Military	Coup d'état	Commander in Chief of the State
—	Francisco García Calderón (1834–1905)	March 12, 1881	September 28, 1881	Military	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Lima)	Provisional President of the Republic
—	Lizardo Montero Flores (1832–1905)	September 28, 1881	November 6, 1881	Civilista Party	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Arequipa)	Provisional President of the Republic
31	Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923)	November 6, 1881	December 25, 1882	Civilista Party	Self-proclaimed Chilean Occupation (Central Peru)	President of the Republic
32	Miguel Iglesias (1830–1909)	November 6, 1881	December 25, 1882	Military	Elected by Congress Chilean Occupation (Cajamarca)	Regenerator President of the Republic
—	Antonio Arenas (1808–1891)	December 3, 1885	June 5, 1886	Independent	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
33	Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923)	June 5, 1886	August 10, 1890	Constitutional Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
34	Remigio Morales Bermúdez (1836–1894)	August 10, 1890	April 1, 1894	Constitutional Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
—	Justiniano Borgoño (1836–1921)	April 1, 1894	August 10, 1894	Constitutional Party	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
35	Andrés Avelino Cáceres (1836–1923)	August 10, 1894	March 20, 1895	Constitutional Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
—	Manuel Candamo (1841–1904)	March 20, 1895	September 8, 1895	Civilista Party	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
36	Nicolás de Piérola (1839–1913)	September 8, 1895	September 8, 1899	Democratic Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
37	Eduardo López de Romaña (1847–1912)	September 8, 1899	September 8, 1903	Civilista Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
38	Manuel Candamo (1841–1904)	September 8, 1903	May 7, 1904	Civilista Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
—	Serapio Calderón (1843–1922)	May 7, 1904	September 24, 1904	Civilista Party	Interim caretaker	President of the Government Junta
39	José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947)	September 24, 1904	September 24, 1908	Civilista Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
40	Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo (1863–1932)	September 24, 1908	September 24, 1912	Civilista Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
41	Guillermo Billinghurst (1851–1915)	September 24, 1912	February 4, 1914	Democratic Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
42	Óscar Benavides (1876–1945)	February 4, 1914	August 18, 1915	Military	Coup d'état
43	José Pardo y Barreda (1864–1947)	August 18, 1915	July 4, 1919	Civilista Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
44	Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo (1863–1932)	July 4, 1919	August 25, 1930	Democratic Reformist Party	Direct Elections Coup d'état	Constitutional President
—	Manuel María Ponce Brousset (1874–1966)	August 25, 1930	August 27, 1930	Military	Interim caretaker
—	Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933)	August 27, 1930	March 1, 1931	Military	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
—	Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias (1874–1951)	March 1, 1931	March 5, 1931	Independent	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
—	Gustavo Jiménez (1886–1933)	March 5, 1931	March 11, 1931	Military	Coup d'état	President of the Provisional Government Junta
—	David Samanez Ocampo (1866–1947)	March 11, 1931	December 8, 1931	Democratic Party	Interim caretaker	President of the Southern Junta
45	Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (1889–1933)	December 8, 1931	April 30, 1933	Revolutionary Union	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
46	Óscar Benavides (1876–1945)	April 30, 1933	December 8, 1939	Independent	Elected by Congress	Constitutional President
47	Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1889–1967)	December 8, 1939	July 28, 1945	Independent	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
48	José Bustamante y Rivero (1894–1989)	July 28, 1945	October 29, 1948	National Democratic Front	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
50	Manuel A. Odría (1896–1974)	October 29, 1948	June 1, 1950	Military	Coup d'état
—	Zenón Noriega Agüero (1900–1957)	June 1, 1950	July 28, 1950	Military	Interim caretaker
51	Manuel A. Odría (1896–1974)	July 28, 1950	July 28, 1956	Restoration Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
52	Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1889–1967)	July 28, 1956	July 18, 1962	Pradist Democratic Movement	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
53	Ricardo Pérez Godoy (1905–1982)	July 18, 1962	March 3, 1963	Military	Coup d'état	1st President of the Military Junta
54	Nicolás Lindley López (1908–1995)	March 3, 1963	July 28, 1963	Military	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Military Junta
55	Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1912–2002)	July 28, 1963	October 3, 1968	Popular Action	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
56	Juan Velasco Alvarado (1910–1977)	October 3, 1968	August 30, 1975	Military	Coup d'état	1st President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
57	Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1921–)	August 30, 1975	July 28, 1980	Military	Coup d'état	2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces
58	Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1912–2002)	July 28, 1980	July 28, 1985	Popular Action	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
59	Alan García Pérez (1949–)	July 28, 1985	July 28, 1990	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
60	Alberto Fujimori (1938–)	July 28, 1990	April 5, 1992	Cambio 90 (until 1998)	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
		April 5, 1992	July 28, 1995		Self-coup d'état	De facto President
		July 28, 1995	July 28, 2000		Direct Elections	Constitutional President
(60)		July 28, 1995	July 28, 2000	Sí Cumple	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
(60)		July 28, 2000	November 22, 2000^[6]	Sí Cumple	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
61	Valentín Paniagua (1936–2006)	November 22, 2000	July 28, 2001	Popular Action	Interim caretaker	President of Transition Government
62	Alejandro Toledo (1946–)	July 28, 2001	July 28, 2006	Possible Peru	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
63	Alan García Pérez (1949–)	July 28, 2006	July 28, 2011	American Popular Revolutionary Alliance	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
64	Ollanta Humala (1962–)	July 28, 2011	July 28, 2016	Peruvian Nationalist Party	Direct Elections	Constitutional President
65	Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (1938–)	July 28, 2016	Incumbent	Peruvians for Change	Direct Elections	Constitutional President

Titles and styles

The President of the Republic of Peru is the Head of the Peruvian State and the Supreme Commander of the Peruvian Armed Forces

The official style is:

His/Her Excellency - name of the president -

Line of succession

Names of incumbents as of 2015 listed President of the Republic: His Excellency Pedro Pablo Kuczynski

1- First Vice President of the Republic: Martín Vizcarra

2- Second Vice President of the Republic: Mercedes Aráoz

3- President of Congress: Luz Salgado

4- First Vice President of Congress: Rosa Bartra

5- Second Vice President of Congress: Richard Acuña

6- Third Vice President of Congress: Luciana León

Notes

↑ "Political Constitution of Peru, Article 112" (PDF).
↑ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Arequipa.
↑ Selfproclaimed President, Parallel government with Orbegoso in Lima.
↑ The Republic of Peru and the Republic of Bolivia were united into a federal state called the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Peru was divided in the states of North Peru and South Peru, each one of them with its own President.
↑ No effective central government existed after the Coup d'état against Francisco Vidal, with several generals claiming the Presidency in different cities around the country.
↑ Alberto Fujimori submitted his resignation on November 19, 2000. His resignation was rejected by the Peruvian Congress, who declared him "Morally Unfit" for the Presidency and impeached him on November 22, 2000.

Peru-related lists

People	Army officiers Limeños Peruvians Presidents Writers

Geography	Regions Cities Districts of Lima Islands Lakes Mountains Natural regions Protected areas Rivers Volcanoes

Nature	Biosphere reserves Birds Mammals National Parks

Politics	Mayors of Lima Political parties Presidents Vice Presidents Prime Ministers Diplomatic missions

Institutions	Hospitals Universities

Other	Airports Archaeological sites Newspapers Postal codes Shopping malls

See also Peru

Years in Peru (1821-present)

19th century	1821 1890

20th century	1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

21st century	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Presidents of South America

Sovereign states	Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Dependencies and other territories	Falkland Islands French Guiana South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Presidents of Peru

San Martín Luna Pizarro La Mar Bernardo de Tagle Riva Agüero Sucre Bernardo de Tagle Bolívar Santa Cruz Salazar y Baquíjano La Mar Gutiérrez de la Fuente Gamarra Luna Pizarro Orbegoso Bermúdez Salaverry Santa Cruz Gamarra Menéndez Torrico Vidal Figuerola Vivanco Nieto Castilla Elías Menéndez Figuerola Menéndez Castilla Echenique Castilla San Román Castilla P. Diez Canseco Pezet Prado Pezet P. Diez Canseco Prado P. Diez Canseco Balta Gutiérrez F. Diez Canseco Zevallos Pardo Prado Piérola García Calderón Montero Cáceres Iglesias Arenas Cáceres Morales Bermúdez Borgoño Cáceres Candamo Piérola Romaña Candamo S. Calderón Pardo y Barreda Leguía Billinghurst Benavides Pardo y Barreda Leguía Ponce Sánchez Cerro Elías Arias Jiménez Samanez Ocampo Sánchez Cerro Benavides Prado Ugarteche Bustamante y Rivero Odría Noriega Odría Prado Ugarteche Pérez Godoy Lindley Belaúnde Velasco Morales Bermúdez Belaúnde García Fujimori Paniagua Toledo García Humala Kuczynski

Current heads of state of the South American countries

Mauricio Macri (Argentina) Evo Morales (Bolivia) Michel Temer (Brazil) Michelle Bachelet (Chile) Juan Manuel Santos (Colombia) Rafael Correa (Ecuador) David Granger (Guyana) Horacio Cartes (Paraguay) Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (Peru) Dési Bouterse (Suriname) Anthony Carmona (Trinidad and Tobago) Tabaré Vázquez (Uruguay) Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela)

Elizabeth II (Falkland Islands/South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands) François Hollande (French Guiana)