Polish settlement in the Philippines

Polish settlement in the Philippines
Total population
(93 (2010)[1])
Regions with significant populations
Metro Manila
Languages
English · Philippine languages · Polish
Religion
Roman Catholic
Related ethnic groups
Polish people

Polish settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish colonial period, mostly with the arrival of Catholic clergy destined for missionary work in other Asian countries. As of 2010 the 2010 census, there are 93 persons in the Philippines who claim Polish citizenship, and the Polish community in the Philippines is the third-largest Eastern European community in the country, after the local communities of Hungarians and Albanians.[1]

History

Although there is evidence that Polish settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish period, and while there certainly was interaction between the two countries, any history of the Polish community in the Philippines prior to the end of the 19th century is virtually unknown.[2] As early as 1618 though, Poles were already recorded as being among one of the nationalities seen in old Manila.[3]

It is believed that the first documented case of a Pole stepping foot into the Philippines was that of Wojciech Męciński, a Jesuit missionary from Kraków who participated in missionary activities in Japan, China and Vietnam. In 1642, Męciński arrived in Manila from Vietnam along with a large group of fellow Jesuits, where they were greeted by Governor-General Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera. Męciński stayed in Manila for a few months before he was deployed on his second visit to Japan, where he was martyred in Nagasaki on March 23, 1643.[2]

The second Pole to arrive in the Philippines was another Jesuit missionary, Jan Chryzostom Bąkowski from Częstochowa. Bąkowski initially participated in missionary activities in China, particularly in Jiangsu. However, he was arrested and sent to Canton, where after being unable to deal with being kept in forced isolation, he departed for Manila. While in Manila, he participated in evangelizing among the Chinese Filipino community until his death in 1731. Aside from Bąkowski, several Polish Catholic clergy have also stayed in the Philippines, including Władysław Michał Zaleski, who served as papal delegate to the East Indies from 1886 to 1916, and Józef Wiśniewski, who served as a missionary in the Philippines prior to becoming a chaplain in the Polish Army, where he was arrested by the Germans in 1940 and died at the Dachau concentration camp.[2]

It is believed that the first non-religious Pole to arrive in the Philippines was Maksymilian Teofil Gumplowicz from Kraków, who between 1883 and 1886 served as a doctor for the Dutch navy in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia). During his tour of duty with the Dutch navy, Gumplowicz visited not only islands throughout the Dutch East Indies, but also the Philippines, British Malaya and New Guinea.[2]

The American colonial period saw rapid growth in the local Polish community, although most people in the Philippines at the time who were of Polish descent were Polish Americans. One of them, Michael Sendzimir, a second lieutenant in the 98th Infantry Division during World War II, was the eldest son of industrialist Tadeusz Sendzimir.[2] However, prominent Poles from Poland proper also visited the Philippines during this time, including pianist Artur Rubenstein, who gave a concert in Manila in 1935, geologist Józef Zwierzycki, whose findings on the tectonics of northern New Guinea was published in the Philippine Journal of Science in 1926, and sculptor Michał Paszyn, who arrived in the Philippines in 1933 and eventually married a Filipina before moving to Italy.[2]

Notable Filipinos of Polish descent

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Household Population by Country of Citizenship: 2010 (PDF), National Statistics Office, retrieved September 22, 2013
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kaluszki, Marian. "Śladami Polaków po świecie: Polacy na Filipinach" (PDF) (in Polish). Przegląd Australijski. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
  3. ↑ Robertson, James Alexander; Blair, Emma Helen (1906). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. XLIV. p. 29. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
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