Queen Paola of Belgium

Paola Queen consort of the Belgians Tenure 9 August 1993 – 21 July 2013 Born 11 September 1937 Villa Claudia, Forte dei Marmi, Italy Spouse Albert II of Belgium (m. 1959) Issue Philippe of Belgium Princess Astrid, Archduchess of Austria-Este Prince Laurent Full name Donna[1] Paola dei Principi Ruffo di Calabria House Ruffo di Calabria Father Fulco, Prince Ruffo di Calabria Mother Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana Religion Roman Catholicism

Belgian Royal Family
HM The King HM The Queen HRH The Duchess of Brabant HRH Prince Gabriel HRH Prince Emmanuel HRH Princess Eléonore HM King Albert II HM Queen Paola HI&RH The Archduchess of Austria-Este HI&RH The Archduke of Austria-Este HI&RH Prince Amedeo HI&RH Archduchess Elisabetta HI&RH Archduchess Anna Astrid HI&RH Princess Maria Laura HI&RH Prince Joachim HI&RH Princess Luisa Maria HI&RH Princess Laetitia Maria HRH Prince Laurent HRH Princess Claire HRH Princess Louise HRH Prince Nicolas HRH Prince Aymeric HRH Princess Léa HRH Princess Marie-Christine HRH Princess Marie-Esméralda

Queen Paola of Belgium (born Donna^[1] Paola Ruffo di Calabria on 11 September 1937) is the wife of the former King Albert II and was Queen of the Belgians from 1993 until his abdication in 2013 in favour of their eldest child the current King Philippe of Belgium.

Early life and family background

She was born in Forte dei Marmi, Tuscany, Italy, the seventh and youngest child of the World War I Italian flying ace Fulco, Prince Ruffo di Calabria, 6th Duke of Guardia Lombarda (1884–1946).^[2] Her mother was Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana e di Sebastiano (1896–1989), a matrilineal descendant of the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution. She is of Italian and Belgian ancestry and was hailed as one of the leading beauties of Europe in her youth.

Queen Paola is fluent in Italian, French, German and English. Less fluent, and the cause of occasional criticism, is her Dutch, the mother tongue of nearly 60 percent of Belgians.

Ademarus Rufus, who died in 1049, held the title of Comes in southern Italy and Siggerio Ruffo became Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II's grand marshal of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1235.^[2] The family divided into two branches after the 14th century: the Ruffo di Calabria and the Ruffo di Scaletta, to the former of which the Queen belongs.

Queen Paola's brother, Don Fabrizio Ruffo di Calabria-Santipau (1922–2005), head of the entire family from 1975, was historical heir to the titles of Prince of Scilla, Prince of Palazzolo, Duke of Guardia Lombarda, Count of Sinopoli, Marquis of Licodia Eubea, Count of Nicotera, Baron of Calanna and of Crispano, Patrician of Naples.^[2]

Queen Paola is related to historically eminent Roman and southern Italian noble families, including the Colonna, Orsini, Pallavicini, Alliata and Rospigliosi. Among her distinguished ancestors of the French aristocracy were the American general Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette and the Dukes of Noailles.

Since the fall of the Italian monarchy in 1946, the Princes Ruffo di Calabria have become connected by marriage, in addition to the Belgian royal family, to such formerly reigning dynasties as the Orléans, the Savoys and the Bonapartes.^[3]

Marriage and family

Paola in 1969, with Albert behind her

In 1958, the Prince of Liège went to the Vatican to witness the coronation of Pope John XXIII. At a reception at the Belgian embassy, the Prince met Italian Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria. "We were both shy, so we only talked a little," Paola said later about their first meeting. Shy but smitten, Prince Albert later proposed marriage to Paola, and she accepted. Their engagement was announced at the Chateau of Laeken in 1959.^[4]

The Royal Household wanted to organise the wedding in the Vatican, and to have it blessed by Pope John XXIII. Albert's father, King Leopold III of the Belgians, his aunt ex-Queen Marie-José of Italy, and Paola's brother, the Prince Ruffo, sent a diplomatic mission to the pontifical court. However the Belgian Government never accepted, and objected to the wish of the court. The Pope understood the government's concerns, and never agreed to participate in the wedding. Finally, avoiding an international scandal, the Prince of Liège married Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria at St. Goedele Cathedral in Brussels on 2 July 1959.

Issue

The couple have three children:

• Philippe, King of the Belgians (b. 15 April 1960), who married Countess Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz in 1999 and has 4 children.
• Princess Astrid (b. 5 June 1962), who married Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este in 1984 and has 5 children.
• Prince Laurent (b. 19 October 1963), who married Claire Louise Coombs in 2003 and has 3 children.

By the late 1960s, the marriage had deteriorated, and there were rumors of divorce plans. By the early 1980s, however, the couple's relations had improved. In the end, Albert and Paola chose to stay together.

For her 70th birthday interview, Paola, by then Queen of the Belgians, said, "we've had our problems, but now we both say that we were meant for each other. We are very happy now." On May 17, 2016 Paola became a great-grandmother to Archduchess Anna Astrid, the daughter of her eldest grandchild, Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este.

Health

In 2015 Queen Paola was admitted to hospital, after vacationing in Italy. The court announced that she had to cancel a planned visit to the Biennale in Venice. Further communications were kept private. The queen sent a message to Grosio, where she was expected to visit the residence of her aunt the Marquesa Margherita Pallavicini Mossi.^[5][6] Newspapers believed that the queen suffered from a stroke during the holiday.^[7]

Contemporary Belgian art

Queen Paola has demonstrated interest in contemporary Belgian arts, visiting the Venetian Biennale several times. She has acquired works of Jan Fabre, Michael Borremans and others for the Royal collection.^[8] She has often met with such artists as Luc Tuymans and Dirk Braeckman.

Arms

Alliance Coat of Arms of King Albert II and Queen Paola of the Belgians

Royal Monogram of Queen Paola of Belgium

Dual Cypher of King Albert II and Queen Paola of the Belgians

Titles

• 11 September 1937 – 2 July 1959: Donna^{[2][3][9][10][11]} Paola Margherita Maria Antonia Consiglia Ruffo di Calabria (Although The Belgian Monarchy website attributes the title of "Princess" to Queen Paola prior to her marriage, Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, The Descendants of Louis XIII, Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, La Descendance de Marie-Thérèse de Habsburg and Le Petit Gotha, among others, accord only the noble prefix of Donna to her and her sisters, reserving the title Principessa for the wife of the head of the family, Paola's father having received the title of prince in the Italian nobility in 1928 from King Victor Emmanuel III, heritable according to masculine primogeniture.)^[2]
• 2 July 1959 – 9 August 1993: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Liège
• 9 August 1993 – 21 July 2013: Her Majesty The Queen of the Belgians
• 21 July 2013 – present: Her Majesty Queen Paola of Belgium

Honours

See also List of honours of the Belgian Royal Family by country

National honour

•  Belgium: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold

Foreign honours

•  Austria: Grand Cross of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria, Gold^[12]
•  Bulgaria: Grand Cross of the Order of Stara Planina^[13]
•  Denmark: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Elephant^[14]
•  Estonia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana^[15]
•  Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland^[16]
•  Germany: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Special Issue^[17]
•  Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic^[18]
  •   Vatican: Dame Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
    •  Holy See: Dame of the Decoration of Honour^[19][20]
  •  Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Dame Grand Cross of Obedience of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, 2nd Class<ref name="HolySeeHonours" /
•  Japan: Paulownia Dame Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown^[21]
•  Latvia: Grand Cross of the Order of the Three Stars^[22]
•  Lithuania: Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great
•  Luxembourg: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau^[23][24]
•  Morocco: Dame Grand Collar of the Order of Muhammad, Special Class
•  Netherlands:
  • Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion^[25][26][27]
  • Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange^[28]
  • Recipient of the Wedding Medal of Princess Beatrix, Princess of Orange and Claus Van Amsberg^[29]
•  Norway: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav^[30][31]
•  Poland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle^[32]
•  Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Christ^[33][34][35]
•  Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania^[36]
•  Sweden: Member Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Seraphim^[37][38]
•  Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III^[39][40]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Queen Paola of Belgium

16. Fulco V, Prince Ruffo di Calabria-Santapau               8. Fulco VI, Prince Ruffo di Calabria-Santapau                       17. Maria Felicita dei Principi Alliata-Colonna               4. Fulco VII, Prince Ruffo di Calabria                             18. Salvatore Galletti, Principe di Fiumesalato               9. Eleonora Galletti dei Marchesi di San Cataldo                       19. Concetta Platamone, Principessa di Larderia               2. Fulco VIII, Prince Ruffo di Calabria                                   20. Cornelis Mosselman               10. Theodore Mosselman du Chenoy                       21. Petronelle Muts               5. Laura Mosselman du Chenoy                             22. Count Jacques-Andre Coghen               11. Isabelle Coghen                       23. Caroline Rittweger               1. Donna Paola Ruffo di Calabria                                         24. Paolino Gazelli, Count di Rossana e di San Sebastiano               12. Calisto Gazelli, Count di Rossana e di San Sebastiano                       25. Giuseppina Brucco di Ceresole               6. Augusto Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana                             26. Carlo Emanuele Cotti, Count di Ceres               13. Francesca Cotti di Ceres                       27. Margherita Arese dei Conti di Barlassina               3. Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana                                   28. Count Edoardo Rignon               14. Count Enrico Vittore Felice Rignon                       29. Maria Cristina dei Marchesi Pilo-Boyl               7. Maria dei Conti Rignon                             30. Ettore Perrone, Count di San Martino               15. Luisa Perrone dei Marchesi di San Martino                       31. Jenny de Faÿ de La Tour-Maubourg

See also

• Queen Paola Foundation
• The Queen's Charities

References

1. Although The Belgian Monarchy website attributes the title of "Princess" to Queen Paola prior to marriage, Burke's Peerage 1973, The Descendants of Louis XIII 1999, Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels 2001, La Descendance de Marie-Thérèse de Habsburg 1996, and Le Petit Gotha 2002 among others, accord only the noble prefix of Donna to her and her sisters, reserving the title Principessa for the wife of the head of the family
2. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVI. "Ruffo". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp. 522–529. ISBN 3-7980-0824-8.
3. de Badts de Cugnac, Chantal. Coutant de Saisseval, Guy. Le Petit Gotha. Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris 2002, p. 702 (French) ISBN 2-9507974-3-1
4. "Prince Albert Engagement - British Pathé". Britishpathe.com. 1959-04-15. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
5. "Italiaans dorp ziet Paola weer afzeggen". HLN.be. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
6. "Valtellina News - notizie da Sondrio e provincia » Annullata la visita della regina Paola del Belgio a Tirano e Grosio". Valtellinanews.it. 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
7. ""Koningin Paola kreeg beroerte"". HLN.be. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
8. "Koningin Paola bestelt kunst bij Michaël Borremans - Kunst - KnackFocus.be". Focus.knack.be. 2010-05-20. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
9. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973, p. 226. ISBN 0-220-66222-3
10. Willis, Daniel, The Descendants of Louis XIII, Clearfield Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1999, p. 100. ISBN 0-8063-4942-5.
11. Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 54, 58. French.
12. "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). 23 April 2012. p. 53.
13. "The Belgian Monarchy". Monarchie.be. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
16. "Finnish President Visit To Belgium - Day One Photos and Images". Getty Images. 2004-03-30. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
18. "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". Quirinale.it. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
19. Gettyimages.be, Paola wearing the Decoration of Honour and Sovereign Military Order of Malta
20. "Paola et Albert à Rome - L'actualité des royautés". Royautes.ek.la. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
21. "The Belgian King Albert II (L) and Queen Paola (2ndL) and their eldest son, crown Prince Philippe of Belgium (C) are welcomed by Japanese Empress Michiko and Emperor Akihito, at the Imperial Palace... Pictures". Getty Images. 1996-10-22. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
22. "Ar Triju Zvaigžņu ordeni apbalvoto personu reģistrs" (DOC). President.lv. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
23. "The late Grand Duchess Josephine Charlotte of Luxembourg nee Princess of Belgium with her sister in law Queen Paola of the Belgians each wear the g… | Pinteres…". Pinterest.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
24. "Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembou Photos and Images". Getty Images. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
25. "Photographic image : Queen Paola and King Albert of Belgium" (JPG). Static1.purepeople.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
26. "Dutch Royal Family Make State Visit To Belgium - Day 1 Photos and Images". Getty Images. 2006-06-20. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
27. "2006.06.20____.jpg (image)". 4.bp.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
28. "Photographic image" (JPG). Upload.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
29. "Photographic image : Prinses Beatrix en Prins Claus" (JPG). Upload.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
30. "Norwegian Royals Make State Visit To Belgium Photos and Images". Getty Images. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
31. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
32. "The Belgian Monarchy". Monarchie.be. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
34. "Portuguese State Visit To Belgium Photos and Images". Getty Images. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
35. "Portuguese State Visit To Belgium Photos and Images". Getty Images. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
36. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
37. "Queen Silvia wore this tiara for one of the dinners during the Swedish State Visit to Belgium in May 2001. | Cameo Tiara | Pinterest | The Dinner, Belgium and …". Pinterest.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
38. "Editorial & News Images: News Photography, Pictures, Awards, Events, Sports, Celebrity Photos | Getty Images". Corbisimages.com. 2016-05-02. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
40. "Photographic image" (JPG). 3.bp.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.

External links

• Her Majesty's official homepage (English)
• Royaltyinthenews.com