Mandala 7
The seventh Mandala of the Rigveda ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In the Rigveda Anukramani, all hymns in this book are attributed to Vashista. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (to Parjanya) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya. It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda.
The hymns are dedicated to Agni, Indra, the Visvadevas, the Maruts, Mitra-Varuna, the Asvins, Ushas (Dawn), Indra-Varuna, Varuna, Vayu (Wind), two each to Sarasvati, Rudra, the Waters, the Adityas, Vishnu, Vastospati, Brhaspati, one each to the Apris, to Vashista, Savitar, Bhaga, the Dadhikras, the Rbhus, Dyaus and Prthivi (Heaven and Earth), Parjanya (Rain) and Indra-Soma. 7.103 is dedicated to the frogs.
The rivers mentioned in the 7th Mandala are the Sarasvati, Asikni, Parusni and possibly the Yamuna (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati.
The battle of ten kings
The Battle of the Ten Kings (dāśarājñá) is a battle alluded to in the Rigveda (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. The battle took place during the middle or main Rigvedic period,[1] near the Ravi River in Punjab. It was a battle between the Puru Vedic Aryan tribal kingdoms of the Bharatas, allied with other tribes of the north west India, guided by the royal sage Vishvamitra, and the Trtsu (Puru) king Sudas, who defeats the Bharatas.
List of incipits
The dedication as given by Griffith is in square brackets
7.1 (517) [Agni.] agníṃ náro dîdhitibhir aráṇyor 7.2 (518) [Apris.] juṣásva naḥ samídham agne adyá 7.3 (519) [Agni.] agníṃ vo devám agníbhiḥ sajóṣā 7.4 (520) [Agni.] prá vaḥ śukrâya bhānáve bharadhvaṃ 7.5 (521) [Agni.] prá agnáye ? taváse bharadhvaṃ 7.6 (522) [Agni.] prá samrâjo ásurasya práśastim 7.7 (523) [Agni.] prá vo deváṃ cit sahasānám agním 7.8 (524) [Agni.] indhé râjā sám ariyó námobhir 7.9 (525) [Agni.] ábodhi jārá uṣásām upásthād 7.10 (526) [Agni.] uṣó ná jāráḥ pṛthú pâjo aśred 7.11 (527) [Agni.] mahâṁ asi adhvarásya praketó 7.12 (528) [Agni.] áganma mahâ námasā yáviṣṭhaṃ 7.13 (529) [Agni.] prá agnáye viśvaśúce dhiyaṃdhé 7.14 (530) [Agni.] samídhā jātávedase 7.15 (531) [Agni.] upasádyāya mīḷhúṣa 7.16 (532) [Agni.] enâ vo agníṃ námasā 7.17 (533) [Agni.] ágne bháva suṣamídhā sámiddha 7.18 (534) [Indra.] tuvé ha yát pitáraś cin na indra 7.19 (535) [Indra.] yás tigmáśṛṅgo vṛṣabhó ná bhīmá 7.20 (536) [Indra.] ugró jajñe vīríyāya svadhâvāñ 7.21 (537) [Indra.] ásāvi deváṃ góṛjīkam ándho 7.22 (538) [Indra.] píbā sómam indara mándatu tvā 7.23 (539) [Indra.] úd u bráhmāṇi airata śravasyâ 7.24 (540) [Indra.] yóniṣ ṭa indra sádane akāri 7.25 (541) [Indra.] â te mahá indara ūtî ugra 7.26 (542) [Indra.] ná sóma índram ásuto mamāda 7.27 (543) [Indra.] índraṃ náro nemádhitā havante 7.28 (544) [Indra.] bráhmā ṇa indra úpa yāhi vidvân 7.29 (545) [Indra.] ayáṃ sóma indara túbhya * sunva 7.30 (546) [Indra.] â no deva śávasā yāhi śuṣmin 7.31 (547) [Indra.] prá va índrāya mâdanaṃ 7.32 (548) [Indra.] mó ṣú tvā vāghátaś caná 7.33 (549) [Vashista.] śvityáñco mā dakṣiṇatáskapardā 7.34 (550) [Visvedevas.] prá śukra étu devî manīṣâ 7.35 (551) [Visvedevas.] śáṃ na indrāgnî bhavatām ávobhiḥ 7.36 (552) [Visvedevas.] prá bráhma etu sádanād ṛtásya 7.37 (553) [Visvedevas.] â vo vâhiṣṭho vahatu stavádhyai 7.38 (554) [Savitar.] úd u ṣyá deváḥ savitâ yayāma 7.39 (555) [Visvedevas.] ūrdhvó agníḥ sumatíṃ vásvo aśret 7.40 (556) [Visvedevas.] ~ó śruṣṭír vidathíyā sám etu 7.41 (557) [Bhaga.] prātár agním prātár índraṃ havāmahe 7.42 (558) [Visvedevas.] prá brahmâṇo áṅgiraso nakṣanta 7.43 (559) [Visvedevas.] prá vo yajñéṣu devayánto arcan 7.44 (560) [Dadhikras.] dadhikrâṃ vaḥ prathamám aśvínoṣásam 7.45 (561) [Savitar.] â devó yātu savitâ surátno 7.46 (562) [Rudra.] imâ rudrâya sthirádhanvane gíraḥ 7.47 (563) [Waters.] âpo yáṃ vaḥ prathamáṃ devayánta 7.48 (564) [Rbhus.] ŕbhukṣaṇo ? vājā mādáyadhvam 7.49 (565) [Waters.] samudrájyeṣṭhāḥ salilásya mádhyāt 7.50 (566) [Various Deities.] â mâm mitrāvaruṇā ihá rakṣataṃ 7.51 (567) [Adityas.] ādityânām ávasā nûtanena 7.52 (568) [Adityas.] ādityâso áditayaḥ siyāma 7.53 (569) [Heaven and Earth.] prá dyâvā yajñaíḥ pṛthivî námobhiḥ 7.54 (570) [Vastospati.] vâstoṣ pate práti jānīhi asmân 7.55 (571) [Vastospati.] amīvahâ vāstoṣ pate 7.56 (572) [Maruts.] ká īṃ víaktā náraḥ sánīḷā 7.57 (573) [Maruts.] mádhvo vo nâma mârutaṃ yajatrāḥ 7.58 (574) [Maruts.] prá sākamúkṣe arcatā gaṇâya 7.59 (575) [Maruts.] yáṃ trâyadhva idám-idaṃ 7.60 (576) [Mitra-Varuna.] yád adyá sūriya brávo ánāgā 7.61 (577) [Mitra-Varuna.] úd vāṃ cákṣur varuṇa suprátīkaṃ 7.62 (578) [Mitra-Varuna.] út sûriyo bṛhád arcîṃṣi aśret 7.63 (579) [Mitra-Varuna.] úd ū eti subhágo viśvácakṣāḥ 7.64 (580) [Mitra-Varuna.] diví kṣáyantā rájasaḥ pṛthivyâm 7.65 (581) [Mitra-Varuna.] práti vāṃ sûra údite sūktaír 7.66 (582) [Mitra-Varuna.] prá mitráyor váruṇayo 7.67 (583) [Asvins.] práti vāṃ ráthaṃ nṛpatī jarádhyai 7.68 (584) [Asvins.] â śubhrā yātam aśvinā suáśvā 7.69 (585) [Asvins.] â vāṃ rátho ródasī badbadhānó 7.70 (586) [Asvins.] â viśvavārā aśvinā gataṃ naḥ 7.71 (587) [Asvins.] ápa svásur uṣáso nág jihīte 7.72 (588) [Asvins.] â gómatā nāsatiyā ráthena 7.73 (589) [Asvins.] átāriṣma támasas pārám asyá 7.74 (590) [Asvins.] imâ u vāṃ díviṣṭaya 7.75 (591) [Dawn.] ví uṣâ āvo divijâ ṛténa 7.76 (592) [Dawn.] úd u jyótir amŕtaṃ viśvájanyaṃ 7.77 (593) [Dawn.] úpo ruruce yuvatír ná yóṣā 7.78 (594) [Dawn.] práti ketávaḥ prathamâ adṛśrann 7.79 (595) [Dawn.] ví uṣâ āvaḥ pathíyā jánānām 7.80 (596) [Dawn.] práti stómebhir uṣásaṃ vásiṣṭhā 7.81 (597) [Dawn.] práty u adarśi āyatī 7.82 (598) [Indra-Varuna.] índrāvaruṇā yuvám adhvarâya no 7.83 (599) [Indra-Varuna.] yuvâṃ narā páśyamānāsa âpiyam 7.84 (600) [Indra-Varuna.] â vāṃ rājānāv adhvaré vavṛtyāṃ 7.85 (601) [Indra-Varuna.] punīṣé vām arakṣásam manīṣâṃ 7.86 (602) [Varuna.] dhîrā tú asya mahinâ janûṃṣi 7.87 (603) [Varuna.] rádat pathó váruṇaḥ sûriyāya 7.88 (604) [Varuna.] prá śundhyúvaṃ váruṇāya práyiṣṭhām 7.89 (605) [Varuna.] mó ṣú varuṇa mṛnmáyaṃ 7.90 (606) [Vayu.] prá vīrayâ śúcayo dadrire vām 7.91 (607) [Vayu.] kuvíd aṅgá námasā yé vṛdhâsaḥ 7.92 (608) [Vayu.] â vāyo bhūṣa śucipā úpa naḥ 7.93 (609) [Indra-Agni.] śúciṃ nú stómaṃ návajātam adyá 7.94 (610) [Indra-Agni.] iyáṃ vām asyá mánmana 7.95 (611) [Sarasvati.] prá kṣódasā dhâyasā sasra eṣâ 7.96 (612) [Sarasvati.] bṛhád u gāyiṣe váco 7.97 (613) [Brhaspati.] yajñé divó nṛṣádane pṛthivyâ 7.98 (614) [Indra.] ádhvaryavo aruṇáṃ dugdhám aṃśúṃ 7.99 (615) [Visnu.] paró mâtrayā tanúvā vṛdhāna 7.100 (616) [Visnu.] n~ú mártio * dayate saniṣyán 7.101 (617) [Parjanya.] tisró vâcaḥ prá vada jyótiragrā 7.102 (618) [Parjanya.] parjányāya prá gāyata 7.103 (619) [Frogs.] saṃvatsaráṃ śaśayānâ 7.104 (620) [Indra-Soma.] índrāsomā tápataṃ rákṣa ubjátaṃ
References
- ↑ Witzel (2000): between approximately 1450 and 1300 BCE