Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout

R4 layout, the engine is located behind the rear axle.

In automotive design, an R4, or Rear-engine, Four-wheel-drive layout places the internal combustion engine at the rear of the vehicle, and drives all four roadwheels.

This layout is typically chosen to improve the traction or the handling of existing vehicle designs using the rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RR).

Notable vehicles with the R4 layout include several high-performance Porsche sports cars, including the 959, the 911 Turbo since the introduction of the turbocharged version of the 993 series in 1995, and the 911 Carrera 4 introduced with the 964 series in 1989.

Some Volkswagen Kübelwagen (the rear-engined beetle-based military vehicle used by Germany in World War II) variants were produced with 4-wheel or all-wheel drive, including the Type 86, Type 87, Type 98.

Car design

Car classification	Antique City car Classic Compact Compact executive Compact MPV Compact SUV Crossover SUV Custom Hot rod Lead sled Lowrider Street rod T-bucket Economy Executive Family car (large) Full-size Grand tourer Hot hatch Kei Leisure activity vehicle Luxury Microcar Mid-size Mini MPV Mini SUV Minivan / Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) Muscle luxury Pony Sport compact Sport utility vehicle (SUV) Sports car Subcompact Supercar Supermini Truck Ute Van Voiturette

Body styles	2+2 Baquet Barchetta Berlinetta Brougham Cabrio coach Cabriolet / Convertible Coupé Coupé de Ville Coupé utility Drophead coupe (Convertible) Fastback Hardtop Hatchback Landaulet Liftback Limousine Multi-stop truck Notchback Panel van Phaeton Pickup truck Quad coupé Retractable hardtop Roadster Runabout Saloon / Sedan Sedan delivery Sedanca de Ville (Coupé de Ville) Shooting-brake Spider / Spyder (Roadster) Station wagon Targa top Torpedo Touring car Town car (Coupé de Ville) T-top Vis-à-vis

Specialized vehicles	Amphibious Driverless (autonomous) Hearse Gyrocar Roadable aircraft Taxicab Tow truck

Propulsion	Alternative fuel Autogas Biodiesel Diesel Electric (battery NEV) Ethanol (E85) Fuel cell Gasoline / petrol (direct injection) Homogeneous charge compression ignition Hybrid (plug-in) Hydrogen Internal combustion Liquid nitrogen Steam

Drive wheels	Front-wheel Rear-wheel Two-wheel Four-wheel Six-wheel Eight-wheel Twelve-wheel

Engine position	Front Mid Rear

Layout (engine / drive)	Front / front Front mid / front Rear / front Front / rear Rear mid / rear Rear / rear Front / four-wheel Mid / four-wheel Rear / four-wheel

Engine configuration (internal combustion)	Boxer Flat Four-stroke H-block Inline Reciprocating Single-cylinder Straight Two-stroke V (Vee) W engine Wankel

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