Republic of Negros

US Protectorate (1899-1901)

1898–1901

Flag of the Revolutionary Government in Bacolod (1899)^[1]^[2]

Location of Negros in the Philippines

Capital

Bacolod

Languages

Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Tagalog and Spanish

Government

Republic

President

Aniceto Lacson

Melecio Severino

Legislature

Chamber of Deputies

Historical era

New Imperialism

•

End of the Negros Revolution

November 27, 1898

•

Disestablished

April 30, 1901

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Spanish East Indies

United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands#U.S. military government

Today part of

Negros Island Region,

Philippines

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The Republic of Negros (Spanish: República de Negros; Hiligaynon: Republica sang Negros; Cebuano: Republika sa Negros; Tagalog: Republika ng Negros) was a short-lived revolutionary republic, and later, an administrative division, which existed while the Philippines was under Spanish and American sovereignty. It took its name from Negros Island.

History

Main article: Negros Revolution

From 3 November to 6 November 1898, the people of Negros rose in revolt against the Spanish authorities headed by politico-military governor, colonel Isidro de Castro. The Spaniards decided to surrender upon seeing armed troops marching in a pincer movement towards Bacolod, the main city of the island. The revolutionaries, led by generals Juan Araneta, from Bago and Aniceto Lacson, from Talisay, were actually carrying fake arms consisting of rifles carved out of palm fronds and cannons of rolled bamboo mats painted black. By the afternoon of 6 November, colonel de Castro signed the Act of Capitulation, thus ending Spanish colonial rule in both Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental.

On November 27, 1898, the unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Spanish: Cámara de Diputados) met in Bacolod and declared the establishment of the Cantonal Republic of Negros (Spanish: República Cantonal de Negros). The Chamber of Deputies acted as a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution.

With the looming invasion of the United States Army, President Aniceto Lacson raised the American flag in the Casa Real to welcome the army as a friendly force. Despite the initial protest from the Negros Oriental deputies, the republic came under U.S. protection on April 30, 1899 as a separate state from the rest of the Philippine Islands and on the next day, the constitution was passed. On 22 July 1899, it was renamed the Republic of Negros. However, on 30 April 1901, it had been dissolved and the island of Negros was annexed to the Philippine Islands by the United States,^[3] who retained control until the Japanese imperial occupation in the Second World War.

Republican leaders

The leaders of the short-lived republic were:^[4]

Aniceto Lacson (November 5, 1898 - November 27, 1898) November 5, 1898 - July 22, 1899	(President in Negros Occidental only until November 27, 1898) President
Demetrio Larena (November 24, 1898 - November 27, 1898) November 5, 1898 - July 22, 1899	(President in Negros Oriental only) Vice-President
José Luzuriaga July 22, 1899 - November 6, 1899	President of the Chamber of Deputies
Eusebio Luzurriaga	Secretary of the Treasury
Simeon Lizares	Secretary of the Interior
Nicolas Golez	Secretary of Public Works
Agustin Amenablar	Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce
Juan Araneta	Secretary of War
Antonio Ledesma Jayme July 24, 1854 - October 9, 1937	Secretary of Justice
Melecio Severino November 6, 1899 - April 30, 1901	Governor-General of the Provinces

Commemoration

In Bago City, the event was chronicled in a historic marker found in the Public Plaza, which bears the following inscriptions:

“

REPÚBLICA DE NEGROS
“In this plaza of Bago was proclaimed the
República de Negros by the Revolutionary
Forces led by general Juan Anacleto Araneta,
5 November 1898. Witnessed by Anaias
Diokno, representative of the Central Revolutionary
Government. This Republic acknowledges
The authority of the First Philippine Republic
under Emilio Aguinaldo.”

”

5 November has been observed as a special non-working holiday in Negros Occidental through Republic Act № 6709, signed by President Corazon Aquino on 10 February 1989.

References

↑ "The Two Republics of Negros". Retrieved 26 October 2012.
↑ "What is the República Negrénse?". Retrieved 27 September 2013.
↑ Zaide, Gregorio F. (1970). Philippine Constitutional History and Constitutions of Modern Nations: With Full Texts of the Constitutions of the Philippines and Other Modern Nations. Modern Book Co. p. 34.
↑ WorldStatesmen. "Philippines - Republic of Negros". Retrieved 10 August 2010.

External links

The opposition to the Americans and the Canton Republic of Negros

Coordinates: 10°N 123°E / 10°N 123°E / 10; 123

Philippine Revolution

Battles
People

Events

Prelude	Novales Revolt Palmero Conspiracy Gomburza

Concurrent	Cry of Pugad Lawin Bonifacio Plan Katagalugan (Bonifacio) Imus Assembly Tejeros Convention Republic of Biak-na-Bato Elections Pact Spanish–American War Declaration of Independence Malolos Congress República Filipina Negros Revolution Republic of Negros Republic of Zamboanga

Epilogue	Treaty of Paris Philippine–American War Katagalugan (Sacay) Moro Rebellion Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 Commonwealth of the Philippines Treaty of Manila

Organizations

Documents

Symbols

Historical and present-day states in the Philippines

Pre-16th century: c.900–1589 Kingdom of Tondo; c.950–1600s Rajahnate of Butuan; c.1000–1571 Kingdom of Namayan; c.1450–1917 Sultanate of Sulu; c.1300–1800 Sultanate of Maguindanao; c.1200–1565 Rajahnate of Cebu; c.1200–1582 Kedatuan of Madja-as

16th century: c.1500–1571 Kingdom of Maynila; 1565–1898 Las islas Filipinas

17th century: Lanao sultanates

18th century: 1762–1764 British Manila

19th century: 1870s–1980s Morac-Songhrati-Meads (contested); 1896–1897 Bayang Katagalugan (Katipunan); 1898–1901 Republic of Negros; 1899–1903 República de Zamboanga; 1899–1901 First Philippine Republic

1900–1945: 1899–1913 American military government; 1902–1906 Republikang Tagalog; 1935–1946 Commonwealth of the Philippines; 1943–1945 Second Philippine Republic

1945–present: 1946–1981 Third Republic; 1981–1986 Fourth Republic; 1986–present Fifth Republic

See also Category:Former countries in Philippine history.

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