Brunei Civil War

Brunei Civil War
Perang Saudara Brunei
Digmaang Sibil sa Brunay

The eastern part of Sabah was given to the Sulu Sultanate by Brunei as a reward for helping Sultan Muhyiddin's forces.
Date1660 to 1673
Location Brunei
Sabah (under Brunei)
Result

Victory for Muhyiddin:

Belligerents
Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin's Forces

Sultan Muhyiddin's Forces

  • Rebels from Sultan Muhammad Ali's followers (against Abdul Hakkul Mubin)
  • Sulu Forces
Commanders and leaders
Abdul Hakkul Mubin Muhyiddin

The Brunei Civil War was a civil war fought in Brunei from 1660 to 1673.[1][2][3]

Causes

The Brunei Civil War was triggered by a cockfight[1]
Part of a series on the
History of Brunei
Pre-Sultanate
Bruneian Empire
1368
to 1888
House of Bolkiah
(15th century – present)
Sultanate of Sulu
1405
to 1578
Kingdom of Maynila
1500s
to 1571
Kingdom of Tondo
1500s
to 1571
Castille War 1578
Civil War 1660–1673
Sarawak
15th century
to 1841
Labuan
15th century
to 1846
Sabah (North Borneo)
15th century
to 1865
British protectorate 1888–1984
Japanese occupation 1942–1945
Borneo campaign 1945
1945–1946
Revolt 1962

During the reign of the thirteenth Sultan Muhammad Ali, there was a disagreement between the son of the Sultan, Pengiran Muda ("prince") Bongsu and Pengiran Muda Alam, the son of Pengiran Abdul Mubin over the results of a cockfight which Pengiran Muda Bungsu lost.[1] His defeat was jeered by Pengiran Muda Alam. In his rage, Bongsu killed Pengiran Muda Alam and escaped from the scene.[2]

In revenge, Abdul Mubin and his followers garroted Sultan Muhammad Ali. Abdul Mubin then made himself the fourteenth Sultan and took the title of "Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin".[1] He tried to appease the previous Sultan's followers by appointing Muhammad Ali's grandson, Muhyiddin as the new Bendahara ("Chief Minister").[1]

After a while, however, Muhammad Ali's supporters took revenge by convincing Bendahara Muhyiddin to stand up against Abdul Mubin. Bendahara Muhyddin initially refused, but then later agreed to do so. His supporters started making disturbances in the form of poking spears into palaces and homes.[1] Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin then moved his palace to Pulau Chermin under the advice of Muhyiddin with the intent to wait the crisis out.[1]

After he left, however, Muhyiddin declared himself the fifteenth sultan. A battle between the two competing Sultans then ensued. Thus, the civil war of Brunei started.[1][2][3][4]

Fighting and outcome

During the Civil War, Abdul Mubin fled to Kinarut, Malaysia where, he stayed there for ten years, repelling repeated attacks by Sultan Muhyiddin.[1] They returned to Brunei after a final attack by Muhyiddin's forces in which they failed to defeat Abdul Mubin.[1]

Muhyiddin was concerned that the civil war was dragging on too long and asked the help of the sultan of Sulu to send forces. He reportedly promised the land of eastern Sabah as a reward for the Sulu's assistance.[1]

Muhyiddin eventually emerged victorious. Abdul Mubin was killed in the civil war. It is not clear to historians whether Muhyiddin asked for Sulu’s help in the civil war. The Sultan of Sulu at that time on his part, however, claimed that he was asked by Brunei to help and was promised eastern Sabah as a reward. As promised, the Sultan of Sulu received eastern Sabah as an honorary gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Civil war wrecks chaos in the country". The Brunei Times. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 History for Brunei Darussalam: Sharing Our Past (Secondary 1). pp. 44–45. ISBN 99917-2-330-7.
  3. 1 2 History for Brunei Darussalm. EPB Pan Pacific. 2008. p. 44. ISBN 99917-2-545-8.
  4. ↑ History for Brunei Darussalam. p. 108. ISBN 99917-2-545-8.
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