Resuscitation

Resuscitation is the process of correcting physiological disorders in an acutely unwell patient. It is an important part of intensive care medicine, trauma surgery and emergency medicine. Well known examples are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Variables

System	Example causes		Biomarker		Treatment
Hypoperfusion (Circulatory shock)	Haemorrhagic shock	Hypovolemia (Hypovolemic shock)	Intravascular volume status (Preload)	Heart rate (Tachycardia) / Systolic blood pressure (Hypotension) / Decreased urine output	Intravenous fluid / Intraosseous infusion / Blood transfusion with packed red blood cells
	Cardiogenic shock		Cardiac output		Positive inotropic agents / Chronotropes
	Distributive shock	Sepsis (Septic shock)	Vascular permeability		Vasopressors
	Distributive shock	Neurogenic shock	Total peripheral resistance		Vasopressors
	Obstructive shock	Cardiac tamponade	Beck's triad		Pericardiocentesis/Thoracotomy with pericardial window
		Tension pneumothorax			Thoracentesis/Chest drain
		Pulmonary embolism			Thrombolysis/Embolectomy
Acid–base imbalance	Acidosis		pH
Acid–base imbalance	Alkalosis		pH
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypercapnia		PaCO2
Gas exchange (Respiratory failure)	Hypoxia		PaO2
Altered level of consciousness	Coma	Narcosis (Drug overdose) / Stroke (Intracranial hemorrhage)	Glasgow Coma Scale
Blood sugar regulation	Hyperglycemia		Blood sugar
Blood sugar regulation	Hypoglycemia		Blood sugar
Electrolyte imbalance	Hyperkalemia		Serum potassium
Electrolyte imbalance	Hypokalemia		Serum potassium
Coagulopathy	Hypocoagulability		Coagulation screen		Fresh frozen plasma/Cryoprecipitate/Platelets

Organ system failure	Shock sequence SIRS Sepsis Severe sepsis Septic shock Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Other shock Cardiogenic shock Distributive shock Anaphylaxis Obstructive shock Neurogenic shock Spinal shock Organ failure Acute renal failure Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute liver failure Respiratory failure Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Neonatal infection Polytrauma Coma

Complications	Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency Decubitus ulcers Fungemia Stress hyperglycemia Stress ulcer

Iatrogenesis	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Oxygen toxicity Refeeding syndrome Ventilator-associated lung injury Ventilator-associated pneumonia Dialytrauma

Diagnosis

Drugs

Physiology

Organisations

Related specialties

Principles

Assessment

Clinical prediction rules	Revised Trauma Score Injury Severity Score Abbreviated Injury Scale NACA score

Investigations	Diagnostic peritoneal lavage Focused assessment with sonography for trauma

Management

Principles	Advanced trauma life support Trauma surgery Trauma center Trauma team Damage control surgery Early appropriate care

Procedures	Resuscitative thoracotomy

Pathophysiology

Injury	MSK Bone fracture Joint dislocation Degloving Soft tissue injury Resp Flail chest Pneumothorax Hemothorax Diaphragmatic rupture Pulmonary contusion Cardio Internal bleeding Thoracic aorta injury Cardiac tamponade GI Blunt kidney trauma Ruptured spleen Neuro Penetrating head injury Traumatic brain injury Intracranial hemorrhage

Mechanism	Blast injury Blunt trauma Burn Penetrating trauma Crush injury Stab wound Ballistic trauma Electrocution

Region	Abdominal trauma Chest trauma Facial trauma Head injury Spinal cord injury

Demographic	Geriatric trauma Pediatric trauma

Complications

Emergency medicine

Emergency medicine	Emergency department Emergency medical services Emergency nursing Emergency psychiatry Golden hour Medical emergency International emergency medicine Pediatric emergency medicine Pre-hospital emergency medicine Major trauma Trauma center Triage

Equipment	Bag valve mask (BVM) Chest tube Defibrillation (AED ICD) Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) Intraosseous infusion (IO) Intravenous therapy (IV) Tracheal intubation Laryngeal tube Combitube Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) Pocket mask

Drugs	Atropine Amiodarone Epinephrine / Adrenaline Magnesium sulfate Sodium bicarbonate Naloxone

Organisations	International Federation for Emergency Medicine American College of Emergency Physicians Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians Royal College of Emergency Medicine European Society of Emergency Medicine Asian Society for Emergency Medicine

Courses / Life support	Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns (ACoRN) Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) Basic life support (BLS) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Care of the Critically Ill Surgical Patient (CCrISP) First aid Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS)

Scoring systems	NACA score Injury Severity Score

Book:Emergency medicine Category:Emergency medicine

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 1/21/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.