Rivne

Rivne (Рівне)
Rovno (Ровно)
Równe
City

Rivne theatre

Flag
Coat of arms
Rivne

Location within the Rivne Oblast

Coordinates: 50°37′N 26°15′E / 50.617°N 26.250°E / 50.617; 26.250Coordinates: 50°37′N 26°15′E / 50.617°N 26.250°E / 50.617; 26.250
Country  Ukraine
Oblast Rivne Oblast
Raion Rivne Raion
Government
 • Mayor Volodymyr Khomko
Area
 • Total 63.00 km2 (24.32 sq mi)
Population (2010)
 • Total 256,774
 • Density 4,274/km2 (11,070/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+3)
Website www.city-adm.rv.ua/

Rivne (Ukrainian: Рівне, Ukrainian pronunciation: [ˈrʲiwne]; Russian: Ровно; Polish: Równe) is a historic city in western Ukraine and the historical region of Volhynia. It is the administrative center of the Rivne Oblast (province), as well as the surrounding Rivne Raion (district) within the oblast. Before World War II the city was located in Poland and during the German occupation in 1941–44 the city was designated as a capital of the German Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine).

Rivne is an important transportation hub, with the international Rivne Airport, and rail links to Zdolbuniv, Sarny and Kovel, as well as highways linking it with Brest, Kiev and Lviv.

The estimated population was around 250,242 as of 2013.

History

Further information: Rivne Ghetto

Rivne was first mentioned in 1283 as one of the inhabited places of Halych-Volhynia. From the second half of the 14th century it was under the Great Duchy of Lithuania and from 1569 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1492 the city was granted Magdeburg rights. Following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 Rivne became a part of Russian Empire, and in 1797 it was declared as a regional town of the Volhynian Governorate.

During World War I and the period of chaos shortly after, it was briefly under German, Ukrainian, Bolshevik, and Polish forces. In April–May 1919 Rivne served as the temporary capital of Ukrainian People's Republic. At the conclusion of the conflict, in accordance with the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921 it became a part of Polish Volhynian Voivodeship, which would last until the Second World War.

In 1939, as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the partition of Poland, Rivne was occupied by the Soviet Union. From December of the same year Rivne became the centre of the newly established Rivne Oblast, within the Ukrainian SSR.

On June 28, 1941 Rivne was captured by Nazi Germany, which later established the city as the administrative centre of Reichskommissariat Ukraine. At the time, roughly half of Rivne's inhabitants were Jewish; of these, about 23,000 were taken to a pine grove in Sosenki and killed between November 6 and 8. At the same period well known German actor Olaf Bach was flown over to the city to perform for the German forces, for morale and supporting the troops. He remained in Rivne from November 8 to the 13th. A ghetto was established for the remaining 5,000 Jews. In July 1942, its population was sent somewhat further 70 km (43 mi) north to Kostopil where they were killed; the ghetto was subsequently liquidated. Later on, a memorial complex of 20 thousand square meters was established, commemorating the killing of 17,500 Jews during the Holocaust. On June 6, 2012, the World War II Jewish burial site was vandalized, allegedly as part of an anti-Semitic act.[1]

On February 2, 1944, the city was liberated by the Red Army in the Battle of Rovno, and remained part of Soviet Ukraine until the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991.

In 1958, TV tower began broadcasting in the city; in 1969, the first trolley ran through the city; in 1969, Rivne airport was opened. In 1983, the city celebrated its 700th anniversary.

On 11 June 1991, the Ukrainian parliament has officially adopted the name of Rivne for the city which was known as Rovno.[2]

Climate

Rivne has a moderate continental climate with cold, snowy winters and warm summers. Snow cover usually lasts from November until March.[3] The average annual precipitation is 598 mm (24 in) June and July being the wettest months and January and February the driest.

Climate data for Rivne, Ukraine (1959-2011)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2)		 16.7
(62.1)		 23.0
(73.4)		 26.2
(79.2)		 33.0
(91.4)		 32.6
(90.7)		 34.4
(93.9)		 35.2
(95.4)		 33.1
(91.6)		 25.8
(78.4)		 21.0
(69.8)		 14.3
(57.7)		 35.2
(95.4)
Average high °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.1
(71.8)		 23.9
(75)		 23.5
(74.3)		 18.2
(64.8)		 12.0
(53.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 0.1
(32.2)		 11.8
(53.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 8.2
(46.8)		 14.2
(57.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 18.6
(65.5)		 17.9
(64.2)		 13.2
(55.8)		 7.8
(46)		 2.1
(35.8)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 7.7
(45.9)
Average low °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3)		 −6.2
(20.8)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 3.2
(37.8)		 8.4
(47.1)		 11.5
(52.7)		 13.2
(55.8)		 12.3
(54.1)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.7
(38.7)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −4.6
(23.7)		 3.4
(38.1)
Record low °C (°F) −34.5
(−30.1)		 −27.0
(−16.6)		 −25.5
(−13.9)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 1.0
(33.8)		 5.7
(42.3)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −10.0
(14)		 −19.0
(−2.2)		 −24.8
(−12.6)		 −34.5
(−30.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 22.4
(0.882)		 30.5
(1.201)		 24.3
(0.957)		 39.0
(1.535)		 68.4
(2.693)		 98.3
(3.87)		 96.1
(3.783)		 52.3
(2.059)		 56.5
(2.224)		 40.9
(1.61)		 33.4
(1.315)		 36.2
(1.425)		 598.3
(23.555)
Average precipitation days 21.2 19.5 16.9 12.5 10.1 11.2 10.4 8.2 10.4 12.1 14.6 21.2 168.3
Average relative humidity (%) 87.4 85.3 79.0 66.7 67.1 72.0 74.5 73.2 77.1 81.2 87.6 89.0 78.3
Source: Climatebase.ru[3]

Industry

During Soviet times the provincial town was transformed into an industrial center of the republic. There were two significant factories built. The first a machine building and metal processing factory capable of producing high-voltage apparatus, tractor spare parts and others. The other a chemical factory and synthetic materials fabrication plant. Light industry, including a linen plant and a textile mill, as well as food industries, including milk and meat processing plants and a vegetable preservation plant have also been built. In addition the city became a production center for furniture and other building materials.

Attractions

Cathedral of the Intercession

As an important cultural centre, Rivne hosts a humanities and a hydro-engineering university, as well as a faculty of the Kiev State Institute of Culture, and medical and musical as well as automobile-construction, commercial, textile, agricultural and cooperative polytechnic colleges. The city has a historical museum.

Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the monument for the Soviet hero D.N.Medvedev was removed, and the N.I.Kuznetsov monument was moved to another location within the city. Instead, in order to reflect the controversial history of the region the monuments for "People who died in the honour of Ukraine", and "Soldiers who died in local military battles" were installed.

Buildings

Memorials[4]

Monument to the Victims of Fascism

Famous people from Rivne

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Rivne is twinned with:

Images

Notes

  1. ↑ "В Ривне вандалы осквернили место массового расстрела евреев.". MIG news.com.ua. 7 June 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  2. ↑ On bringing the name of Rovno city and Rovno Oblast in accordance to rules of Ukrainian spelling. Ukrainian parliament. 11 June 1991
  3. 1 2 "Rivne, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  4. ↑ (Ukrainian) Рівне, план міста, 1:12000. Міста України. Картографія.
  5. ↑ The memorial was desecrated on June 8th 2012 by breaking parts of it and spraying swastikas. The teenagers in charge of the antisemitic action were caught and trialed. see http://antisemitism.org.il/article/72708/ukraine-police-nab-3-teens-suspected-desecrating-jewish-mass-grave and http://mignews.com.ua/skandaly/v_ukraine/829325.html
  6. ↑ Артист Ярослав Евдокимов рассказал «ОГ» о своих корнях Областная газета, 12 ноября 2013

Maps

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rivne.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Rivne.
Look up rivne in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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