Sarid

Sarid
Sarid
Coordinates: 32°39′47.16″N 35°13′32.52″E / 32.6631000°N 35.2257000°ECoordinates: 32°39′47.16″N 35°13′32.52″E / 32.6631000°N 35.2257000°E
District	Northern
Council	Jezreel Valley
Affiliation	Kibbutz Movement
Founded	1926
Founded by	Eastern European immigrants
Population (2015)[1]	851
Website	www.sarid.org.il

Sarid (Hebrew: שָׂרִיד‎) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located near Migdal HaEmek, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 2015 it had a population of 851.

History

Ottoman-era village of Khanâfis

During the Ottoman era a Muslim village called Ikhneifis (also Khanâfis and other versions), meaning "beetles", stood at the site of present Sarid.^[2] Kneffis, and the neighbouring towns and villages of Nazareth, Mejdal, Yafa, Jebatha and Ma'alul, paid taxes to the monks of Nazareth, who bought the right to collect these taxes from the Ottoman authorities in 1777 for two hundred dollars. Thirty years later, they again purchased this right, though this time for two thousands five hundred dollars, owing to the rise in the price of cereals and ground rents.^[3] A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Karm Ennefiiceh.^[4]

In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) found at Ikhneifis the "ruin of a tower built by Daher el-Omar about a century ago (1162 A.H.)."^[5] Gottlieb Schumacher, as part of surveying for the construction of the Jezreel Valley railway, noted in 1900 that Ikhneifis was a “flourishing village”, consisting of 52 huts and 230 inhabitants, and that the place was the property of the Sursocks, of Beirut.^[6]

Moshe Dayan mentioned it as an example of "there is not one place built in this country which did not have a former Arab population".^[7]

British Mandate era

The Arab village

At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine "Ikhnaifes" had a population of 39, 38 Muslims and 1 Orthodox Christian.^[8][9]

The kibbutz

The kibbutz was established by immigrants from Czechoslovakia, Poland and Russia in 1926, on lands purchased from the village of Khuneifis. The land was sold by the Sursock family, its absentee landlords.^[10][11][12] The name was taken from the biblical city of Sarid, situated in the southern part of the tribe of Zebulun (Joshua 19:10). The ancient city is thought to be located in nearby Tel Shadud.^[13] By the 1931 census, Sarid had a population of 69, 3 Muslims and 65 Jews, in 9 houses.^[14]

Economy

In the 1950s the kibbutz established Camel Grinding Wheels (CGW), which now has three plants for the manufacture of cutting discs, grinding wheels and coated abrasives.^[15] One of the more profitable branches was the kibbutz dairy.^[16]

Notable residents

The poets Natan Yonatan^[17] and Pinchas Sadeh^[18] and the politicians Natan Peled^[19] and Shlomo Rosen^[20] were members of the kibbutz.

References

1. "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
2. Palmer, 1881, p. 146
3. De Haas, 1934, p. 361
4. Karmon, 1960, p. 167.
5. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 54
6. Schumacher, 1900, p. 358
7. Dayan called the Arab village "Haneifs". Cited in Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207
8. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. 38
9. Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
10. Stein, 1987, p. 60
11. 9,000 dunams in Kneifis, with 60 families living there, according to List of villages sold by Sursocks and their partners to the Zionists since British occupation of Palestine, evidence to the Shaw Commission, 1930
12. Grootkerk, 2000, p. 280
14. Mills, 1932, p. 76
15. About Kibbutz Sarid
16. Stress, Culture, and Community: The Psychology and Philosophy of Stress, S.E. Hobfoll
18. Hebrew book review. Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature. 1965. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
19. Natan Peled, Knesset
20. Shlomo Rosen, Knesset

Bibliography

• Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
• Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, Herbert H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
• De Haas, Jacob (1934). History of Palestine - The Last Two Thousand Years. Macmillan.
• Grootkerk, Salomon E. (2000). Ancient sites in Galilee: a toponymic gazetteer (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11535-4.
• Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3,4): 155–173; 244–253.
• Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
• Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
• Rogan, Eugene L.; Shlaim, Avi (2001). The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79476-5.
• Stein, Kenneth W. E. (1987). The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939 (Illustrated ed.). UNC Press Books. ISBN 0-807-84178-1.
• Schumacher, G. (1900). "Reports from Galilee". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 32: 355–360.

External links

• Kibbutz website (Hebrew)
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8: IAA, Wikimedia commons
• Khnefis from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh