Soyuz TM-7

Soyuz TM-7 was the seventh manned spacecraft to dock with the Soviet Space Station Mir.^[1] Its launch in November 1988 represented the start of the fourth long duration expedition, Mir EO-4, as it carried two more Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Krikalyov and Alexander Volkov, to the station. They would join the third crew member of EO-4, cosmonaut/physician Valeri Polyakov, who was on Mir for the second half of EO-3. Also launched by Soyuz TM-7 was French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien, who would take part in the 24-day French mission known as Mir Aragatz. The spacecraft Soyuz TM-7 remained docked to Mir for the duration of EO-4. At the end of EO-4 in April 1989, due to delays in the launch schedule, Mir was left unmanned, and all three EO-4 crew members were transported back to Earth.

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Alexander Volkov Mir EO-4 Second spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Sergei Krikalyov Mir EO-4 First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Jean-Loup Chrétien Mir Aragatz Second spaceflight	Valeri Polyakov Mir EO-3 / Mir EO-4 First spaceflight

Backup crew

Mission parameters

Mass: 7,000 kg 15,400 lb
Perigee: 194 km (120 mi)
Apogee: 235 km (146 mi)
Inclination: 51.6°
Period: 88.8 minutes

Mission highlights

The original launch date of November 21 was moved back to permit French president François Mitterrand to view the launch, which was also attended by David Gilmour and Nick Mason of Pink Floyd, who made an audio recording of the event for potential use in a future project.^[2] The spacecraft arrived at the Mir station carrying a three-man crew, including French cosmonaut Chrétien on his second flight into space. Titov, Manarov, and Chrétien returned to Earth in Soyuz TM-6. Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalev, and Valeri Polyakov remained aboard Mir. On 1989 April 28, they left Mir in mothballs and returned to Earth in Soyuz-TM 7. The Soyuz-TM land landing system is effective at reducing velocity in the vertical direction. However, according to cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, winds at the landing site often impart considerable horizontal velocity. As a result, about 80 percent of all Soyuz descent modules come to rest on their sides. During the rough landing, Krikalev suffered a minor injury to his knee.

Preparations for the first EVA involving a non-Soviet/non-U.S. space traveler forced the cosmonauts to cut short a TV meeting with diplomats from 47 countries on December 8. On December 9, Chrétien and Volkov depressurized the multiport docking adapter and clambered outside Mir. Chrétien was first out. He installed handrails, then attached the 15.5 kg (34 lb) Échantillons experiment rack to the handrails by springs and hooks. He also attached electrical wires leading from the rack to Mir’s power supply. Échantillons carried five technological experiments with applications to the Hermes shuttle program. Volkov and Chrétien then assembled the 240 kg (530 lb) experimental deployable structure (known as ERA). They attached a mount to handrails on the frustum linking the multiport docking unit to the small-diameter portion of the work compartment. After resolving problems with cables linking ERA to a control panel inside Mir, they attached the folded ERA structure to a support arm on the platform. The structure was designed to unfold to form a flat six-sided structure 1 metre deep by 3.8 metres across. From inside Mir, Krikalev commanded the structure to unfold, but to no avail. Volkov then kicked ERA, causing it to unfold properly. According to Krikalev, taking the ERA outside helped relieve the crowding problems. The EVA lasted 5 hours and 57 minutes.

The crew took with them a cassette of Pink Floyd's newly released live album Delicate Sound of Thunder (minus the cassette box, for weight reasons) and played it in orbit; this was claimed by David Gilmour to have been the first rock music recording in space.^[2] The tape was left on Mir when the mission crew returned to Earth.^[2]

References

↑ The mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-TM-7.htm
1 2 3 Miles, Barry; Andy Mabbett (1994). Pink Floyd the visual documentary. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711941092.

Soyuz human spaceflight programme

Main topics

Current missions

Soyuz MS-02

MS-03

Future missions

2017: Soyuz MS-04; MS-05; MS-06; MS-07
2018: Soyuz MS-08; MS-09; MS-10

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10

Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382

Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†

Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†

Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40

Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz Test Project) 22

Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†

Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15

Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34

Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22

Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M

Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01

Uncrewed missions are designated with Kosmos numbers; crewed missions get a Soyuz number.
Failed missions are denoted with a † symbol. Cancelled missions are in italics.

Human spaceflights to Mir

Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74 Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

← 1987 · Orbital launches in 1988 · 1989 →

Kosmos 1908 \| Kosmos 1909 · Kosmos 1910 · Kosmos 1911 · Kosmos 1912 · Kosmos 1913 · Kosmos 1914 \| Gorizont No.25L \| Progress 34 \| Kosmos 1915 \| Meteor-2 No.20 \| USA-29 \| Kosmos 1916 \| USA-30 \| Kosmos 1919 · Kosmos 1917 · Kosmos 1918 \| Kosmos 1920 \| Kosmos 1921 \| Sakura 3a \| Kosmos 1922 \| Zhongxing-1 \| Kosmos 1923 \| Kosmos 1924 · Kosmos 1925 · Kosmos 1926 · Kosmos 1927 · Kosmos 1928 · Kosmos 1929 · Kosmos 1930 · Kosmos 1931 \| Molniya-1 No.65 \| Spacenet 3R · Telecom 1C \| Kosmos 1932 \| Kosmos 1933 \| IRS-1A \| Molniya-1 No.64 \| Kosmos 1934 \| Progress 35 \| Kosmos 1935 \| San Marco 5 \| Kosmos 1936 \| Gorizont No.26L \| Kosmos 1937 \| Kosmos 1938 \| Foton No.4L \| Kosmos 1939 \| Transit-O 23 · Transit-O 32 \| Kosmos 1940 \| Kosmos 1941 \| Ekran No.31L \| Kosmos 1942 \| Progress 36 \| Kosmos 1943 \| Intelsat VA F-13 \| Kosmos 1944 \| Kosmos 1945 \| Kosmos 1946 · Kosmos 1947 · Kosmos 1948 \| Molniya-3 No.49 \| Kosmos 1949 \| Kosmos 1950 \| Kosmos 1951 \| Soyuz TM-5 \| Kosmos 1952 \| Kosmos 1953 \| Meteosat 3 · PAS-1 · OSCAR-13 \| Nova 2 \| Kosmos 1954 \| Kosmos 1955 \| Kosmos 1956 \| Okean-O1 No.5 \| Kosmos 1957 \| Fobos 1 \| Unnamed \| Fobos 2 \| SROSS-B \| Kosmos 1958 \| Progress 37 \| Kosmos 1959 \| INSAT-1C · ECS-5 \| Meteor-3 No.3 \| Resurs-F1 No.30 \| Kosmos 1960 \| Kosmos 1961 \| Fanhui Shi Weixing I-02 \| Kosmos 1962 \| Molniya-1 No.66 \| Kosmos 1963 \| Gorizont No.28L \| Kosmos 1964 \| Kosmos 1965 \| Transit-O 25 · Transit-O 31 \| Soyuz TM-6 \| Kosmos 1966 \| USA-31 \| USA-32 \| Kosmos 1967 \| Fengyun I-01 \| GStar-3 · SBS-5 \| Kosmos 1968 \| Progress 38 \| Kosmos 1969 \| Kosmos 1970 · Kosmos 1971 · Kosmos 1972 \| Sakura 3b \| Ofek-1 \| Kosmos 1973 \| NOAA-11 \| Molniya-3 No.51 \| STS-26 (TDRS-3) \| Kosmos 1974 \| Kosmos 1975 \| Kosmos 1976 \| Gran' No.34L \| Kosmos 1977 \| Kosmos 1978 \| TDF-1 \| USA-33 \| Unnamed \| Buran 1K1 (37KB No.3770) \| Kosmos 1979 \| Kosmos 1980 \| Kosmos 1981 \| Soyuz TM-7 \| Kosmos 1982 \| STS-27 (USA-34) \| Kosmos 1983 \| Ekran-M No.12L \| Skynet 4B · Astra 1A \| Kosmos 1984 \| Zhongxing-2 \| Molniya-3 No.52 \| Kosmos 1985 \| Progress 39 \| Molniya-1 No.63 \| Kosmos 1986

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).

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