Soyuz TM-17

Soyuz TM-17 was a Russian mission to the space station Mir, launched on July 1, 1993. It lasted 196 days and 17 hours, making more than 3,000 orbits of the planet Earth. The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Vasili Tsibliyev First spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Aleksandr Serebrov Fourth spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Jean-Pierre Haigneré First spaceflight	None

Mission highlights

Soyuz TM-17 was the 17th expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

At 7:37:11 a.m. Moscow time (MT), on 1994 January 14, Soyuz-TM 17 separated from the forward port of the Mir station. At 7:43:59 a.m., the Mission Control Center in Korolev (TsUP) ordered Tsibliyev to steer Soyuz-TM 17 to within 15 metres of the Kristall module to begin photography of the APAS-89 docking system. At 7:46:20 a.m., Tsibliyev complained that Soyuz-TM 17 was handling sluggishly. Serebrov, standing by for photography in the orbital module, then asked Tsibliyev to move the spacecraft out of the station plane because it was coming close to one of the solar arrays. In Mir, Viktor Afanasyev ordered Valeri Polyakov and Yuri Usachyov to evacuate to the Soyuz TM-18 spacecraft. At 7:47:30 a.m., controllers in the TsUP saw the image from Soyuz-TM 17’s external camera shake violently, and Serebrov reported that Soyuz-TM 17 had hit Mir. The TsUP then lost communications with Mir and Soyuz-TM 17. Intermittent communications were restored with Soyuz-TM 17 at 7:52 a.m. Voice communications with Mir were not restored until 8:02 a.m. Inspection of Soyuz-TM 17 indicated no serious damage. In this connection, the Russians revealed that they had studied contingency reentries by depressurized spacecraft in the wake of the Soyuz 11 accident. The Mir cosmonauts did not feel the impact, though the station’s guidance system registered angular velocity and switched to free flying mode.

Later analysis indicated that the right side of the orbital module had struck Mir two glancing blows 2 seconds apart. The impact point was on Kristall, near its connection to the Mir base block. The cause of the impact was traced to a switch error: the hand controller in the orbital module which governed braking and acceleration was switched on, disabling the equivalent hand controller (the left motion control lever) in the descent module. Tsibliyev was able to use the right lever to steer the Soyuz past Mir’s solar arrays, antennas, and docking ports after it became clear impact was inevitable.

Soyuz human spaceflight programme

Main topics

Current missions

Soyuz MS-02

MS-03

Future missions

2017: Soyuz MS-04; MS-05; MS-06; MS-07
2018: Soyuz MS-08; MS-09; MS-10

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10

Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382

Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†

Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†

Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40

Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz Test Project) 22

Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†

Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15

Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-14 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34

Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22

Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M

Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01

Uncrewed missions are designated with Kosmos numbers; crewed missions get a Soyuz number.
Failed missions are denoted with a † symbol. Cancelled missions are in italics.

Human spaceflights to Mir

Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11 Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-14 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74 Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

← 1992 · Orbital launches in 1993 · 1994 →

Kosmos 2230 \| Molniya 1-85 \| STS-54 (TDRS-6) \| Kosmos 2231 \| Soyuz TM-16 \| Kosmos 2232 \| USA-88 \| Kosmos 2233 \| SCD-1 · Orbcomm CDS-1 \| Kosmos 2234 · Kosmos 2235 · Kosmos 2236 \| Asuka \| Progress M-16 \| Gran' No.42L \| EKA-1 \| UFO F-1 \| Kosmos 2237 \| USA-90 · SEDS-1 \| Kosmos 2238 \| Progress M-17 \| Kosmos 2239 \| Kosmos 2240 \| Kosmos 2241 \| STS-56 (SPARTAN 201) \| Kosmos 2242 \| Molniya-3 No.57 \| ALEXIS · Orbcomm CDS-2 \| STS-55 \| Kosmos 2243 \| Kosmos 2244 \| Kosmos 2245 · Kosmos 2246 · Kosmos 2247 · Kosmos 2248 · Kosmos 2249 · Kosmos 2250 \| Astra 1C · Arsene \| USA-91 \| Resurs-F2 No.9 \| Progress M-18 \| Molniya-1T No.81 \| Gorizont No.39L \| Kosmos 2251 \| STS-57 \| Kosmos 2252 · Kosmos 2253 · Kosmos 2254 · Kosmos 2255 · Kosmos 2256 · Kosmos 2257 \| Galaxy 4 \| Resurs-F1 No.57 \| Radcal \| USA-92 · PMG \| Soyuz TM-17 \| Kosmos 2258 \| Kosmos 2259 \| USA-93 \| Kosmos 2260 \| Hispasat 1B · INSAT-2B \| Unnamed · Unnamed · Unnamed · SLDCOM-3 \| Molniya-3 No.58 \| NOAA-13 \| Kosmos 2261 \| Progress M-19 \| Resurs-F1 No.56 \| USA-94 \| Meteor-2 No.24 · Temisat \| USA-95 \| Kosmos 2262 \| STS-51 (ACTS · ORFEUS-SPAS) \| Kosmos 2263 \| Kosmos 2264 \| IRS-P1 \| SPOT-3 · Stella · Uribyol 2 · Itamsat · Eyesat-1 · PoSAT-1 · Healthsat 2 \| Gran' 41L \| Landsat 6 \| FSW-15 \| Progress M-20 \| STS-58 \| Intelsat 701 \| Kosmos 2265 \| USA-96 \| Gorizont No.40L \| Kosmos 2266 \| Kosmos 2267 \| Gorizont No.41L \| Solidaridad 2 · Meteosat 6 \| USA-97 \| STS-61 \| USA-98 \| Telstar 401 \| DirecTV-1 · Thaicom 1 \| Molniya 1-87

Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( \| ). Manned flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

Coordinates: 49°37′N 70°07′E / 49.617°N 70.117°E / 49.617; 70.117

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